Article
Biology
Jens Lund, Christoffer Clemmensen
Summary: Body weight is regulated by physiological mechanisms that counteract both weight loss and weight gain. There are known signals, such as low blood leptin, that defend against weight loss, but the signals opposing overfeeding-induced weight gain are still unidentified. This article discusses insights gained from overfeeding studies and explores the relative contributions of energy intake, expenditure, and excretion in defending against weight gain. It also delves into the existence of unknown pathways that protect against weight gain and proposes the study of individuals with constitutional thinness as a gateway to understanding weight gain resistance in humans. Experimental overfeeding, coupled with multi-omics techniques, has the potential to uncover the signalling pathways that protect against weight gain and lead to new obesity treatments.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pablo Ranea-Robles, Jens Lund, Christoffer Clemmensen
Summary: Experimental overfeeding is a powerful method to study the defense mechanisms against weight gain and investigate the relationship between energy balance and obesity development, as well as the pathogenesis of metabolic liver diseases and the links with infection biology.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Edmond N. Mouofo, Tara L. Spires-Jones
Summary: In a recent study, researchers found that a person showed extreme resilience to autosomal-dominant familial Alzheimer's disease, which was attributed to a rare variant in the RELN gene encoding reelin.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jigna M. Dharod, Kristen S. McElhenny, Jasmine M. DeJesus
Summary: We found that infants fed with formula only had a higher calorie intake and a 3-fold higher risk of rapid weight gain compared to breastmilk only or combined breastmilk and formula feeding. Exceeding daily calorie requirements or overfeeding was associated with the amount and frequency of formula feeding. It is important to develop specific guidelines and provide education on formula feeding practices to prevent excessive growth in infants.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Douglas Tremblay, Mikaela Dougherty, John Mascarenhas, Emily Jane Gallagher
Summary: Weight gain is a common side effect of ruxolitinib, and this study suggests that it may be related to changes in whole body energy expenditure.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Yuying Qiu, Meijuan Li, Yonghui Zhang, Ying Liu, Yongping Zhao, Jing Zhang, Qiong Jia, Jie Li
Summary: Berberine could reduce weight gain in schizophrenia patients, with significant weight loss observed in the berberine group compared to placebo. The effect may be related to the regulation of leptin levels.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nadira Nurxat, Lili Wang, Qichen Wang, Shujing Li, Chen Jin, Yaran Shi, Ayjiamali Wulamu, Na Zhao, Yanan Wang, Hua Wang, Min Li, Qian Liu
Summary: Staphylococcus aureus is a highly pathogenic Gram-positive bacterium responsible for a range of diseases. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus has made treatment challenging. Research on the human microbiome suggests that commensal bacteria can be used to combat pathogenic infections. Staphylococcus epidermidis, a common species in the nasal microbiome, can inhibit the colonization of S. aureus. However, S. aureus undergoes evolutionary changes during bacterial competition. Our study shows that nasal colonized S. epidermidis can inhibit the hemolytic activity of S. aureus, and we have identified a mechanism through which S. epidermidis inhibits S. aureus colonization.
Article
Cell Biology
Shangang Zhao, Qian Lin, Wei Xiong, Li Li, Leon Straub, Dinghong Zhang, Rizaldy Zapata, Qingzhang Zhu, Xue-Nan Sun, Zhuzhen Zhang, Jan-Bernd Funcke, Chao Li, Shiuhwei Chen, Yi Zhu, Nisi Jiang, Guannan Li, Ziying Xu, Steven C. Wyler, May-Yun Wang, Juli Bai, Xianlin Han, Christine M. Kusminski, Ningyan Zhang, Zhiqiang An, Joel K. Elmquist, Olivia Osborn, Chen Liu, Philipp E. Scherer
Summary: Antipsychotic drugs can cause weight gain and diabetes, and hyperleptinemia plays a key role. Suppression of leptin rise can reduce the adverse effects of these drugs.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Fang Huang, Pingping Zhu, Jingwen Wang, Jie Chen, Wenting Lin
Summary: This study showed that postnatal overfeeding leads to overexpression of hepatic miR-221 and impairs the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, potentially causing insulin resistance. Avoiding overfeeding in early postnatal life may help prevent obesity and T2DM.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kenny Mendoza-Herrera, Andrea A. Florio, Maggie Moore, Abrania Marrero, Martha Tamez, Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju, Josiemer Mattei
Summary: This review focuses on the relationship between diet and leptin, suggesting that addressing leptin resistance through dietary interventions can counteract obesity. High-fat, high-carbohydrate, fructose, and sucrose diets, low in protein, contribute to leptin resistance, while energy-restricted diets can reduce leptin levels and potentially reverse resistance. Further research on reliable methods to measure resistance and alternative approaches like leptin sensitizers and genetically individualized diets is needed.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erika Cortes-Macias, Marta Selma-Royo, Karla Rio-Aige, Christine Bauerl, Maria Jose Rodriguez-Lagunas, Cecilia Martinez-Costa, Francisco J. Perez-Cano, Maria Carmen Collado
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of milk microbiota, cytokine, and adipokine profiles on the risk of overweight in infants at 12 months of life and identify possible mechanisms of host-microbe interactions. The findings indicated that milk microbiota and cytokines were associated with infant development. Further research is needed to understand the specific effects of milk microbiota and cytokines on infant growth and the risk of overweight.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuqing Ding, Xin Xu, Ting Tian, Chengxiao Yu, Xinyuan Ge, Jiaxin Gao, Jing Lu, Zijun Ge, Tao Jiang, Yue Jiang, Hongxia Ma, Ci Song, Zhibin Hu
Summary: Early or middle and late adulthood weight gain is associated with an increased risk of NAFLD, and effective weight intervention can prevent a large proportion of NAFLD cases.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Joseph Tochukwu Enebe, Nympha Onyinye Enebe, Theresa Ukamaka Nwagha, Ijeoma Angela Meka, Malackay Ezenwaeze Nwankwo, Emmanuel Obiora Izuka, John Okafor Egede, Innocent Anayochukwu Ugwu, Ngozi Ijeoma Okoro, Helen Chioma Okoye, Chukwuemeka Anthony Iyoke
Summary: In Enugu, Nigeria, obese pregnant women had significantly higher mean maternal serum leptin levels, prevalence of hyperleptinaemia, and mean gestational weight gain at term compared to non-obese pregnant women.
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jessie Nallely Zurita-Cruz, Miguel Angel Villasis-Keever, Leticia Manuel-Apolinar, Leticia Damasio-Santana, Eulalia Garrido-Magana, Aleida de Jesus Rivera-Hernandez
Summary: In girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) undergoing GnRH analogs treatment, leptin levels and higher leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) are associated with greater weight gain. This association is particularly evident in girls with BMI < 94th percentile.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Johanna Molin, Eszter Vanky, Tone S. Lovvik, Eva Dehlin, Marie Bixo
Summary: Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with enhanced leptin resistance and attenuated physiological increase in serum allopregnanolone levels during pregnancy. Metformin reduces the risk of excessive GWG in pregnant women with PCOS and improves leptin sensitivity.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alicja A. Skowronski, Evan D. Shaulson, Rudolph L. Leibel, Charles A. LeDuc
Summary: In mice, the postnatal leptin surge within the first 4 weeks of life is significantly influenced by nutritional status. Mice raised in small litters become fatter and have a larger and earlier leptin surge, while those raised in large litters have delayed and reduced surges. Maternal HFD feeding during the perinatal period also augments the leptin surge in pups.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Nicole Aaron, Michael J. Kraakman, Qiuzhong Zhou, Qiongming Liu, Samantha Costa, Jing Yang, Longhua Liu, Lexiang Yu, Liheng Wang, Ying He, Lihong Fan, Hiroyuki Hirakawa, Lei Ding, James Lo, Weidong Wang, Baohong Zhao, Edward Guo, Lei Sun, Cliff J. Rosen, Li Qiang
Summary: Adipsin is the most upregulated adipokine during MAT expansion in mice and humans in a PPAR gamma acetylation-dependent manner. Genetic ablation of Adipsin in mice specifically inhibited MAT expansion but not peripheral adipose depots, and improved bone mass during calorie restriction, thiazolidinedione treatment, and aging. The effects were mediated through its downstream effector, complement component C3, to prime common progenitor cells toward adipogenesis rather than osteoblastogenesis through inhibiting Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Hagit Daum, Mythily Ganapathi, Yoel Hirsch, Emily L. Griffin, Charles A. LeDuc, Jacob Hagen, Simcha Yagel, Vardiella Meiner, Wendy K. Chung, Hagar Mor-Shaked
Summary: Exome and genome sequencing were used to identify the genetic cause of a severe neurodevelopmental disorder in two unrelated Ashkenazi Jewish families with three affected individuals. A rare homozygous variant in the PAGR1 gene was identified, suggesting its association with a novel autosomal recessive syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder. This gene encodes a component of the histone methyltransferase MLL2/MLL3 complex and may play a role in the DNA damage response pathway.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alberto Bartolome
Summary: This article reviews different models to study the genetic basis of beta cell dysfunction, focusing on the recent advances made possible by stem cell applications in the field of diabetes research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Alberto Bartolome, Nina Suda, Junjie Yu, Changyu Zhu, Jinsook Son, Hongxu Ding, Andrea Califano, Domenico Accili, Utpal B. Pajvani
Summary: This study suggests that Notch/Ephrin signaling can permanently alter islet architecture during a morphogenetic window in early life, leading to beta cell dysfunction and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiani Liang, Margot Chirikjian, Utpal B. Pajvani, Alberto Bartolome
Summary: The expression of MafA, a key transcription factor, is decreased in type 2 diabetes, leading to beta-cell dysfunction. Understanding the regulatory factors of MafA expression may help identify potential therapeutic targets for improving beta-cell function.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alberto Bartolome, Yann Ravussin, Junjie Yu, Anthony W. Ferrante, Utpal B. Pajvani
Summary: This study reveals the mechanism of rapid and robust beta-cell hyperplasia in a mouse model of overfeeding-induced obesity. It identifies Sin3a as a novel transcriptional regulator of beta-cell mass adaptation and demonstrates the importance of Sin3a in the acquisition of postnatal beta-cell mass. Overall, the findings provide insights into the regulatory pathway of beta-cell proliferation and validate the overfeeding-induced obesity model as a useful tool for studying beta-cell adaptation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dolaana Khovalyg, Yann Ravussin
Summary: This study illustrates the significant interindividual differences in energy expenditure under normal living conditions and highlights the need for personalized thermal conditioning. The findings suggest that individual metabolic rates vary greatly during typical everyday activities, emphasizing the importance of personalized climate control.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yann Ravussin, Jean-Pierre Montani, Erik Konrad Grasser
Summary: This study found that in young, non-obese men, a caffeinated and sucrose-sweetened beverage at concentrations similar to classical commercial Cola products exhibited distinct hemodynamic actions. The presence of sucrose dampened caffeine-induced blood pressure elevations, but increased cardiac work.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yann Ravussin
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jinku Kang, Jorge Postigo-Fernandez, KyeongJin Kim, Changyu Zhu, Junjie Yu, Marica Meroni, Brent Mayfield, Alberto Bartolome, Dianne H. Dapito, Anthony W. Ferrante, Paola Dongiovanni, Luca Valenti, Remi J. Creusot, Utpal B. Pajvani
Summary: Patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have increased expression of liver monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which is mainly produced by hepatocytes. Increased MCP-1 expression leads to the infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMF) in the liver and the development of liver fibrosis. Activation of the Notch signaling pathway in hepatocytes is closely related to the upregulation of MCP-1 expression in NASH. Inhibition of MCP-1 or the CCR2 receptor can ameliorate liver MoMF infiltration and fibrosis in NASH.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alberto Bartolome
Article
Clinical Neurology
Katrin S. Wendrich, Hamid Azimi, Jurgen A. Ripperger, Yann Ravussin, Gregor Rainer, Urs Albrecht
Summary: The sleep-wake cycle is regulated by the circadian clock and the sleep homeostat. It is not completely understood how these two systems interact. Evidence suggests that the clock gene Per2 may be involved in the sleep homeostatic process. Neurons and astroglial cells in the brain depend on each other metabolically and play a role in sleep regulation. The study found that mice lacking Per2 in all body cells displayed earlier sleep onset after sleep deprivation, while mice lacking Per2 in neurons or astroglial cells were normal in this regard. Systemic Per2 expression seems to be important for the sleep architecture, while neuronal and astroglial Per2 weakly affects sleep amount. The results indicate that Per2 contributes to the timing of the sleep response by delaying sleep onset after sleep deprivation and attenuating the early night rebound response.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Maria Concepcion Izquierdo, Niroshan Shanmugarajah, Samuel X. Lee, Michael J. Kraakman, Marit Westerterp, Takumi Kitamoto, Michael Harris, Joshua R. Cook, Galina A. Gusarova, Kendra Zhong, Elijah Marbuary, Insug O-Sullivan, Nikolaus Rasmus, Stefania Camastra, Terry G. Unterman, Ele Ferrannini, Barry E. Hurwitz, Rebecca A. Haeusler
Summary: This study found that insulin resistance is associated with decreased HDL-associated S1P. Hepatic FoxO transcription factors are regulators of the ApoM/S1P pathway.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
