Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andreas Borchel, Anna Zofia Komisarczuk, Frank Nilsen
Summary: Salmon lice, ectoparasites on salmonids, have a significant impact on the aquaculture industry. This study successfully developed a sex determination assay for salmon lice, allowing for early identification of the developmental speed and sex-specific SNPs. However, only a few genes showed differential expression between the sexes.
Editorial Material
Fisheries
Peder A. Jansen, Bjarne Gjerde
Summary: Researchers have developed a model to predict lice-induced mortality of virtual post-smolt Atlantic salmon from 401 Norwegian rivers, with lice sourced from farmed salmon. However, the model's predictions of mortality rates were found to be systematically overestimated compared to mortality estimates based on observed lice numbers on caught post-smolts.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Karoline Hasti Rutle, Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen, Frank Nilsen, Alejandro Mateos-Rivera, Anne Grete Sorvik Eide, Eeva Jansson, Maria Quintela, Francois Besnier, Fernando Allyon, Helene Borretzen Fjortoft, Kevin Alan Glover
Summary: Resistance toward the antiparasitic pyrethroid deltamethrin has been reported in the Atlantic salmon louse, and it is linked to mitochondrial DNA. This study investigates the impact of widespread pyrethroid use on mtDNA variation in lice and the dispersion of resistant haplotypes across the North Atlantic.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Claudia Tschesche, Michael Bekaert, David Bassett, Sally Boyd, James E. Bron, Armin Sturm
Summary: This study aimed to reassess the association between DTM resistance and mitochondrial mutations in salmon lice. The results indicate that Leu107Ser (COX1) is the main genetic determinant of DTM resistance in L. salmonis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Haitham Tartor, Marius Karlsen, Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen, Aderito Luis Monjane, Charles McLean Press, Christer Wiik-Nielsen, Rolf Hetlelid Olsen, Lisa Marie Leknes, Karine Yttredal, Bjorn Erik Brudeseth, Soren Grove
Summary: This study examined the immunogenicity and protective effect of a vaccine against Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation in Atlantic salmon. The results showed that the vaccine can provide protection against salmon lice infestation, and the level of protection is dose-dependent. The study also found that the vaccine can trigger a specific immune response in vaccinated fish and result in the production of specific antibodies. These findings suggest the potential of using the parasite's feeding behavior to deliver salmon-specific antibodies against lice-gut proteins.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhaoran Zhou, Christiane Eichner, Frank Nilsen, Inge Jonassen, Michael Dondrup
Summary: A gene co-expression network-based approach was used to identify important genes associated with the moulting and development of the salmon louse. RNA interference experiments confirmed the essential role of a RAB1A-like gene in the development of the salmon louse, suggesting the approach could be generalized to identify important genes in other organisms.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claudia Tschesche, Michael Bekaert, Joseph L. Humble, James E. Bron, Armin Sturm
Summary: The pyrethroid deltamethrin and the macrocyclic lactone emamectin benzoate are used to treat farmed salmon infestations by parasitic salmon lice. Drug resistance in the lice is associated with overexpression of ace1b, a member of the functionally diverse carboxylesterases family. The study identified 21 CaEs genes/pseudogenes in L. salmonis, with overexpression of ace1b observed in multi-resistant lice compared to susceptible ones.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Grace A. Wyngaard, Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen, Ketil Malde, Rachel Prendergast, Stefano Peruzzi
Summary: This study presents the first estimates of genome size for the ectoparasite Lepeophtheirus salmonis, indicating that the genome size of this species can vary. This variability may be explained by the proportion of repetitive DNA in the genome.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Jaewoon Jeong, Marit Stormoen, Gregor F. McEwan, Krishna K. Thakur, Crawford W. Revie
Summary: Efforts have been made to develop effective lice control strategies for tackling the challenges posed by ectoparasite Lepeophtheirus salmonis on salmon farms. Understanding the key parameters affecting L. salmonis population dynamics is crucial for informed management decisions and prevention strategies. The study suggests that prevention of infestation before lice attach to fish is more effective than treating already infested salmon.
Editorial Material
Fisheries
Ingrid A. Johnsen, Alison Harvey, Pal Naeverlid Saevik, Anne D. Sandvik, Ola Ugedal, Bjorn Adlandsvik, Vidar Wennevik, Kevin A. Glover, Orjan Karlsen
Summary: A model system was developed to estimate salmon lice-induced mortality, calibrated against empirical observations. Critics claim the model overestimates mortality, but their analysis may have shortcomings. Discrepancy between modelled and observed data does not necessarily indicate flaws, but can provide valuable supplementary information.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aina-Cathrine Overgard, Helena M. D. Midtbo, Lars A. Hamre, Michael Dondrup, Gro E. K. Bjerga, Oivind Larsen, Jiwan Kumar Chettri, Kurt Buchmann, Frank Nilsen, Sindre Grotmol
Summary: This study reveals the presence of charged glandular proteins in the salmon louse that have immune modulation and anti-coagulant properties. These proteins play important roles in regulating the parasite's life cycle and feeding behavior in the host.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sean C. Godwin, Andrew W. Bateman, Anna Kuparinen, Rick Johnson, John Powell, Kelly Speck, Jeffrey A. Hutchings
Summary: Research conducted in the Broughton Archipelago, Canada, reveals a significant decrease in the sensitivity of Pacific salmon lice to emamectin benzoate (EMB) since 2010, resulting in reduced efficacy of EMB treatments. These findings, which were obtained through Indigenous-led agreements and not publicly reported by industry or regulators, suggest that controlling salmon lice outbreaks in Pacific farms will be more challenging in the future.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Anne D. Sandvik, Sussie Dalvin, Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen, Morten D. Skogen
Summary: Climate change poses a threat to sustainable growth in the aquaculture industry, with salmon lice-induced mortality in wild salmonid populations identified as a major risk factor. Higher temperatures lead to increased production and infectivity of salmon lice, contributing to a significant rise in infection pressure from farmed to wild salmonids.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Trond Nordtug, Bjarne Kvaestad, Andreas Hagemann
Summary: This study provides experimental data on the responses of the infectious copepodid stage of salmon lice to different light qualities and intensities from underwater light sources. The findings suggest that underwater light sources commonly used in salmon farming may attract salmon lice copepodids and increase infection pressure under certain conditions. Light traps may also be effective in catching planktonic salmon lice. Further research is needed to test the actual effects of underwater light sources on the local distribution of salmon lice.
Article
Fisheries
Cameron R. S. Thompson, James Bron, Samantha Bui, Sussie Dalvin, Mark John Fordyce, Gunnvor A. Noroi, Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen
Summary: The relative rarity of salmon lice planktonic larval stages poses challenges in estimating their abundance and distribution. A novel method using fluorescence-aided microscopy has been developed to rapidly enumerate salmon lice larvae, with an accuracy of 81.8% and processing time of 31 minutes, more than 20 times faster than traditional methods.
AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Sarah J. Salisbury, Gregory R. McCracken, Robert Perry, Donald Keefe, Kara K. S. Layton, Tony Kess, Cameron M. Nugent, Jong S. Leong, Ian R. Bradbury, Ben F. Koop, Moira M. Ferguson, Daniel E. Ruzzante
Summary: The genetic consequences associated with the loss of migratory capacity of landlocked diadromous fishes in freshwater are not well understood. Selective pressures in freshwater residency can lead to differentiation between landlocked and anadromous populations, as well as within landlocked populations. However, genetic drift in isolated landlocked populations may limit consistent adaptation. Understanding the genetic parallelism can have implications for evolution and management practices.
AMERICAN NATURALIST
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Tricia L. Rubi, Alana G. McPherson, Niloufar Mokariasl, Ben F. Koop, Briony Campbell, John S. Taylor
Summary: The study on brood stock selection in Golden Eagle Sablefish hatchery shows potential for enhancing early survival rates. Analysis of a 2019 hatchery cohort revealed significant variations in productivity at both individual and family levels, with few breeding individuals contributing to the majority of offspring.
AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Quentin Rougemont, Amanda Xuereb, Xavier Dallaire, Jean-Sebastien Moore, Eric Normandeau, Eric B. Rondeau, Ruth E. Withler, Donald M. Van Doornik, Penelope A. Crane, Kerry A. Naish, John Carlos Garza, Terry D. Beacham, Ben F. Koop, Louis Bernatchez
Summary: This study investigated the genomic basis of local adaptation in Coho salmon across North America and found that migration distance is the primary selective factor. Several candidate genetic variations associated with long-distance migration and altitude were also identified.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jay Joshi, Anne-Marie Flores, Kris A. Christensen, Hollie Johnson, Ahmed Siah, Ben F. Koop
Summary: This study used long-read sequencing technology to update the genome assemblies of Atlantic and Pacific salmon lice, and identified unique genomic features of their sex chromosomes. Moreover, conserved orthologous protein sequences were found between the W- and Z-chromosomes.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Simon R. M. Jones, Derek Price
Summary: This study investigated the occurrence of amoebic gill disease in farmed Atlantic salmon in British Columbia, Canada, and found distinct spatial and temporal patterns. The results showed a significant relationship between seawater temperature and gill scores, indicating temperature as a major risk factor.
Article
Fisheries
Carlo A. Biagi, Rosalind A. Leggatt, Dionne Sakhrani, Mike Wetklo, Wendy E. Vandersteen, Kris A. Christensen, Eric B. Rondeau, Breanna M. Watson, Kyle W. Wellband, Ben F. Koop, Ruth E. Withler, Robert H. Devlin
Summary: Doubled haploid gynogens are individuals with two identical maternal chromosome sets and no paternal genetic contributions. They are useful in whole-genome sequence assembly to eliminate allelic variation. This study successfully determined the timing for producing doubled haploid gynogens in multiple salmonid species and assessed their survival rate and genotypes.
NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE
(2022)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Amanda Xuereb, Quentin Rougemont, Xavier Dallaire, Jean-Sebastien Moore, Eric Normandeau, Berenice Bougas, Alysse Perreault-Payette, Ben F. Koop, Ruth Withler, Terry Beacham, Louis Bernatchez
Summary: This study evaluated the current conservation units (CUs) for Coho salmon in Canada using a large genomic dataset and compared patterns of genetic variation using neutral and outlier loci. The results suggest that the current CU boundaries are generally appropriate, but there may be a need for refinement in certain areas.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Simon R. M. Jones, Amy Long
Summary: Kudoa thyrsites is a parasite that infects marine fish and can cause a degradation of fillet quality in farmed Atlantic salmon. This study found that exposure to deeper-sourced seawater led to a higher prevalence and severity of K. thyrsites infections in Atlantic salmon. Additionally, fish held in tanks supplied with deep-sourced seawater had a higher infection rate compared to those in surface net-pens.
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Simon R. M. Jones, Jessica C. C. Low, Aidan Goodall
Summary: This study confirmed the presence of the Parvicapsula pseudobranchicola parasite in Pacific salmon and described its host range and geographical distribution. Infection caused pathological changes, but the impact on the health of wild Pacific salmon and the distribution and abundance of infective actinospores remain important areas of research.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Eric B. Rondeau, Kris A. Christensen, David R. Minkley, Jong S. Leong, Michelle T. T. Chan, Cody A. Despins, Anita Mueller, Dionne Sakhrani, Carlo A. Biagi, Quentin Rougemont, Eric Normandeau, Steven J. M. Jones, Robert H. Devlin, Ruth E. Withler, Terry D. Beacham, Kerry A. Naish, Jose M. Yanez, Roberto Neira, Louis Bernatchez, William S. Davidson, Ben F. Koop
Summary: The coho salmon populations in North America have significantly declined, and analysis of genomic data suggests bottleneck events after glacial retreat as a possible cause. A chromosome-level genome assembly and genome resequencing of 83 coho salmon were performed to aid in stock management and conservation efforts.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Vimbai Irene Machimbirike, Ignacio Vasquez, Trung Cao, Joy Chukwu-Osazuwa, Oluwatoyin Onireti, Cristopher Segovia, Pongsak Khunrae, Triwit Rattanarojpong, Marije Booman, Simon Jones, Manuel Soto-Davila, Brian Dixon, Javier Santander
Summary: This study investigates the genetic differences and evolution of the most common fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum serotype O1. The O1 strain has two chromosomes and two typical plasmids. Furthermore, the O1 strain displays resistance to colistin sulphate, which differs from the O2 serotype and may be attributed to the ugd gene. The study also reveals that the genetic heterogeneity in the O-antigen biosynthesis gene cluster is characterized by the absence or presence of unique genes, which could result in differences in immune evasion mechanisms among serotypes.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Eric B. Rondeau, Kris A. Christensen, Hollie A. Johnson, Dionne Sakhrani, Carlo A. Biagi, Mike Wetklo, Cody A. Despins, Rosalind A. Leggatt, David R. Minkley, Ruth E. Withler, Terry D. Beacham, Ben F. Koop, Robert H. Devlin
Summary: Chum salmon genome was sequenced and assembled using Oxford Nanopore and Flye software. Genome assembly was characterized by resequencing 59 chum salmon from hatchery sources. Genes involved in immune system and toxin response were found to be enriched in regions collapsed due to duplicated chromosomes from ancient genome duplication.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Anne-Marie Flores, Kris A. Christensen, Briony Campbell, Ben F. Koop, John S. Taylor
Summary: Sablefish, a type of cod, is found in coastal regions of the Pacific Ocean and has been subjected to a declining trend in stock biomass and landings since 2010. The genetic variation in growth rate, disease resistance, and survival among sablefish individuals and cohorts is not well understood. This study provides a comprehensive genome assembly of sablefish, which can be utilized for SNP-based surveys and management of both aquaculture and wild fishery.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
E. Ghanizadeh-Kazerouni, J. M. Wilson, S. R. M. Jones, C. J. Brauner
Summary: This study investigated the regenerative capability of gill tissue in Atlantic salmon. The results showed that approximately 38% of the resected gill filament length regenerated after 20 weeks. The regeneration percentage varied significantly among individuals but was not correlated with initial body size, condition factor, or overall fish growth rate. Immunohistochemistry showed increased cell proliferation at the filament tip shortly after resection, followed by the appearance of ionocytes, chemoreceptive neuroepithelial cells, and nerve fibers.
Article
Fisheries
Morgan D. Hocking, Jeffrey C. MacAdams, Michael J. Allison, Lauren C. Bergman, Robert Sneiderman, Ben F. Koop, Brian M. Starzomski, Mary L. Lesperance, Caren C. Helbing
Summary: A current challenge in environmental DNA (eDNA) applications is accounting for environmental background in surveys. This study conducted two controlled experiments using a coho salmon eDNA assay, demonstrating a novel method to detect target species eDNA in the presence of background and providing a statistically robust assessment for eDNA surveys.