Article
Fisheries
Aina-Cathrine Overgard, Christiane Eichner, Noelia Nunez-Ortiz, Heidi Kongshaug, Andreas Borchel, Sussie Dalvin
Summary: Atlantic salmon are highly susceptible to infestations with the salmon louse. The immune response in the fish does not lead to parasite clearance or protection against subsequent infestations. This study investigated the transcriptomic response of the skin at the site of copepodid attachment and found differentially expressed genes. The immune response was primarily localized to the attachment site, with pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune cell marker transcripts observed mainly in whole skin and scale samples.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Albert Caballero-Solares, Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan, Xi Xue, Tomer Katan, Surendra Kumar, Jillian D. Westcott, Zhiyu Chen, Mark D. Fast, Stanko Skugor, Richard G. Taylor, Matthew L. Rise
Summary: This study revealed the impact of co-infection of sea lice and formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida bacterin (ASAL) on the skin gene expression of Atlantic salmon, showing that sea lice infection can inhibit fundamental cellular processes while ASAL can activate immune and wound healing pathways. Through co-stimulation, the inhibitory effects of sea lice are partially mitigated, demonstrating a synergistic effect of immune-related genes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Debora Torrealba, Byron Morales-Lange, Victoriano Mulero, Anti Vasemagi, Luis Mercado, Jose Gallardo-Matus
Summary: This study estimated the heritabilities of three key proteins associated with the innate immunity and resistance of Atlantic salmon against sea lice. It found that susceptible fish had higher levels of Nkef and Tnf alpha in their gills and skin, while resistant fish had higher levels of Il-8 in their gills. The heritabilities of Nkef and Tnf alpha were moderate to high, while the heritability of Il-8 was low.
Article
Fisheries
Per Gunnar Fjelldal, Thomas W. K. Fraser, Tom J. Hansen, Orjan Karlsen, Samantha Bui
Summary: The elevated salmon louse infection pressure caused by salmon farming poses a major threat to wild Atlantic salmon. This study found that lice had a negative impact on the growth and survival of wild Atlantic salmon in seawater, but only affected the length growth in freshwater after the lice had detached. The parasites did not affect the size of the fish's reproductive organs.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yeny Leal, Valentina Valenzuela-Munoz, Antonio Casuso, Barbara P. Benavente, Cristian Gallardo-Escarate
Summary: Studies have shown that SHK-1 cells and Atlantic salmon head kidney tissue were analyzed for the sea louse antigen cathepsin and found to have transcriptomic differences. Additionally, regulation through long non-coding RNAs revealed tissue-specific transcription patterns, and pathways related to the immune system and signal transduction were shared between the two tissues. These findings highlight a novel approach to evaluating candidate antigens for sea lice vaccine development, improving antigen screening in the SHK-1 cell line model.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aina-Cathrine Overgard, Helena M. D. Midtbo, Lars A. Hamre, Michael Dondrup, Gro E. K. Bjerga, Oivind Larsen, Jiwan Kumar Chettri, Kurt Buchmann, Frank Nilsen, Sindre Grotmol
Summary: This study reveals the presence of charged glandular proteins in the salmon louse that have immune modulation and anti-coagulant properties. These proteins play important roles in regulating the parasite's life cycle and feeding behavior in the host.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Carlo C. Lazado, Marianne Iversen, Arvind Y. M. Sundaram
Summary: This study provides the first insight into the basal transcriptome of the olfactory rosette in Atlantic salmon. Comparative transcriptomic analysis with gills, another organ possessing MALT, reveals shared cytokine-cytokine interaction and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways. The immunological characteristics of both organs are further characterized by the overrepresentation of immune-related pathways, particularly important for pathogen recognition. The differential regulation of markers for interleukins, extracellular matrix, antimicrobial peptides, and complement highlights the immunological differences between the two organs. The basal transcriptome of the Atlantic salmon olfactory rosette is a valuable molecular toolbox for understanding nasal immunity in teleost fish.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Carolina P. Moraleda, Diego Robledo, Alejandro P. Gutierrez, Jorge del-Pozo, Jose M. Yanez, Ross D. Houston
Summary: The resistance to SRS is a polygenic trait, and this study has identified relevant genes and pathways that are likely to play a role in mediating genetic resistance through genome-wide association analysis and RNA-sequencing.
Review
Microbiology
Ekaterina Martynova, Albert Rizvanov, Richard A. Urbanowicz, Svetlana Khaiboullina
Summary: This review focuses on the mechanisms of inflammasome activation and their role in the development of Th1, Th2, and Th17 lymphocytes. The contribution of cytokines released from activated inflammasomes to the immune response is summarized, along with the discussion of the role of cytokines released from tissue cells in promoting lymphocyte differentiation.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Marit M. Amundsen, Haitham Tartor, Kathrine Andersen, Karoline Sveinsson, Even Thoen, Mona C. Gjessing, Maria K. Dahle
Summary: Salmon Gill Poxvirus Disease (SGPVD) has been identified as a cause of sudden mortality in Atlantic salmon presmolts in Norwegian aquaculture. An experimental study showed that fish injected with hydrocortisone prior to infection had more severe SGPV-mediated mortality, suggesting a potential role of hormonal stress in the onset of clinical SGPVD. Additionally, the study revealed that suppressed mucosal immune response in the gills and late systemic immune response in the spleen may be critical in the development of SGPVD.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Diego Valenzuela-Miranda, Valentina Valenzuela-Munoz, Barbara P. Benavente, Marcelo Munoz-Trorcoso, Gustavo Nunez-Acuna, Cristian Gallardo-Escarate
Summary: Parasitism by sea lice affects the diversity of microbial communities in Atlantic salmon, leading to the occurrence of opportunistic bacterial pathogens and perturbation of the correlation between skin and gut microbiota. Sea lice can act as vectors for transmitting specific bacterial species and induce tissue-specific functional dysbiosis.
Article
Fisheries
Nikko Alvin R. Cabillon, Carlo C. Lazado
Summary: The study found that transcriptional changes in nasal leukocytes of fish exposed to two forms of H2S donors were concentration-dependent, with more differentially expressed genes identified in the NaHS-exposed group. Enriched gene ontology terms in upregulated genes included ferric iron binding. Pathway analysis revealed significant influences in VEGF ligand-receptor interactions, oxidative stress, innate and adaptive immunity, and interleukin signaling at higher concentrations.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Faith H. N. Howard, Amy Kwan, Natalie Winder, Amina Mughal, Cristal Collado-Rojas, Munitta Muthana
Summary: The number of emerging and re-emerging viral diseases has increased globally in recent decades. Host factors such as age, ethnicity, and underlying pathologies can affect the immune response and the outcome following viral infection.
Article
Fisheries
Paulina Bustos, Carolina Figueroa, Barbara Cadiz, Tamara Santander, Brian Dixon, Jose A. Gallardo, Pablo Conejeros
Summary: Recently, it was found that Atlantic salmon vaccinated against Piscirickettsia salmonis lose their protection when co-infected with Caligus rogercresseyi. The reasons for this effect and the molecular basis of the immune responses in vaccinated salmon during C. rogercresseyi infection have not been determined. In this study, changes in immune gene expression were investigated in vaccinated Atlantic salmon co-infected with C. rogercresseyi and P. salmonis. The results showed that the co-infection had a similar effect on immune gene expression as a single P. salmonis infection, suggesting a decreased cellular response. However, some individual fish exhibited a significantly higher immune response, indicating variation in vaccine efficacy.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Hanna Ross D. Alipio, Julie Hansen Bergstedt, Carlo C. Lazado
Summary: Mortality related to hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in Atlantic salmon farming has become a serious concern, especially in saline recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs). This study investigated the physiological consequences of transient exposure of post-smolt Atlantic salmon to H2S. The results showed that H2S had distinct impacts on gene expression and metabolism in different mucosal organs, with the skin and gills being the most affected.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Cheng Xu, Oystein Evensen, Hetron Mweemba Munang'andu
Article
Fisheries
A. A. A. Gamil, T. -C. Guo, M. Koenig, O. Evensen
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Elin Patterson, Tz-Chun Guo, Oystein Evensen, Oyvind Haugland, Aase B. Mikalsen
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2015)
Article
Virology
Sung-Hyun Kim, Tz-Chun Guo, Vikram N. Vakharia, Oystein Evensen
Article
Virology
Sung-Hyun Kim, Shamila Yusuff, Vikram N. Vakharia, Oystein Evensen
Article
Virology
Amr A. A. Gamil, Stephen Mutoloki, Oystein Evensen
Article
Virology
Lihan Chen, Oystein Evensen, Stephen Mutoloki
Review
Immunology
Hetron Mweemba Munang'andu, Oystein Evensen
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2015)
Review
Immunology
Hetron Mweemba Munang'andu, Stephen Mutoloki, Oystein Evensen
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2015)
Review
Immunology
Hetron Mweemba Munang'andu, Stephen Mutoloki, Oystein Evensen
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2015)
Review
Immunology
Stephen Mutoloki, Hetron Mweemba Munang'andu, Oystein Evensen
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tz-Chun Guo, Daniel X. Johansson, Peter Liljestrom, Oystein Evensen, Oyvind Haugland
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2015)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tz Chun Guo, Amr Ahmed Abdelrahim Gamil, Melanie Koenig, Oystein Evensen
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amr A. A. Gamil, Oystein Evensen, Stephen Mutoloki