Article
Engineering, Civil
Julian E. Mendez, Martyn S. McLaggan, David Lange
Summary: The study characterised the fire spread dynamics in a simplified ventilated facade by conducting parametric experiments. The results showed a strong relationship between flame height and heat release rate. It was also found that the time for encapsulation failure and subsequent cladding material core ignition decreased as the cavity width was reduced. The study highlights the importance of considering the interaction of the products used in the facade and its geometry for the design of facade assemblies when accounting for the fire performance of the system.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yizhou Li, Zilong Wang, Xinyan Huang
Summary: The fire safety of building facade systems is a global issue, and the current facade fire standard tests vary from country to country, making it difficult to compare results. This study simulates different standard tests to explore the impact of heat flux and flame temperature on facade fire ignition and spread, and proposes a method to adjust the fire heat release rate for fair comparison of different test results. This research provides guidance for the future development and optimization of facade fire tests.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Rickard Hansen
Summary: This study discusses the importance of implementing passive fire protection measures for vehicles in underground mines, and found that relying solely on one type of passive measure may not be sufficient to address the different stages of a fire.
MINING METALLURGY & EXPLORATION
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Manhou Li, Chao Zhang, Changjian Wang, Zhaotao Liu, Baozhen Wang
Summary: The research investigates the ignition behaviors of ethanol and heptane pools by adjacent fires, revealing critical factors such as critical ignition time and ignition distance, influenced by pool diameter and interval distance. Experimental results demonstrate significant differences in critical ignition distance for ethanol and heptane pools, highlighting the importance of pool diameter and interval distance in ignition behavior.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Simo Hostikka, Tarique Jhatial, Marjaleena Aatamila
Summary: The kitchen is the most common source of residential fires, with cooktops being the usual starting point. To better understand these fires, the electric power and surface temperatures of different cooktops and frying pans were measured, along with ignition times and heat release rates (HRR) of cooking oils, butter, and various solid items. The ignition probability of oils and butter was estimated to be 0.44 ± 0.13, with an ignition time of 309 ± 81 seconds and peak HRR of 300-600 kW/m2. Solid items had a higher likelihood of ignition (0.80 ± 0.10) with longer ignition times (378 ± 228 seconds) and reached higher temperatures at ignition compared to oils. LDPE bags posed the highest risk due to their propensity to ignite, melt, and burn with a peak HRR exceeding 2000 kW/m2. The development of stove guard standards is necessary to effectively prevent fires originating from auxiliary materials, as current stove guards were not effective for all materials tested.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Pascal Zavaleta
Summary: The ability of a fire in an electrical cabinet to spread to neighboring cabinets in nuclear power plant settings is a major concern for fire safety. Tests have shown that the materials used for front panels in opposite enclosures play a significant role in determining fire spread conditions. Factors such as separation distance, target type, and overhead electric cable trays also influence fire spread conditions.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Qiyuan Xie, Tai Gong, Xinyan Huang
Summary: The study revealed that flame-retardant cables are susceptible to ignition under certain conditions and can spread rapidly with external heat radiation. The increase in cable surface temperature significantly affects the rate of upward flame spread, potentially leading to auto-ignition.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhiqiang Tang, Ke Gao, Yafei Shan, Chengyao Zhu, Zeyi Liu, Zimeng Liu
Summary: Fires caused by cables in mines pose a significant safety hazard to workers. This study simulated multilayer cable fires in a mine tunnel using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to investigate their characteristics. The results showed that cable tray spacing, ignition position, and tunnel ventilation speed influence the fire behavior. The findings provide a theoretical basis for cable fire prevention and control in mine tunnels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kaiyu Zou, Qian Li, Shouxiang Lu
Summary: This study investigates the thermal runaway and fire behaviors of 78 Ah LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 pouch batteries under different incident heat fluxes. The results show that the heat released from the cathode can be ignored, and there is a correlation between the time to ignition and the incident heat flux. Additionally, a flame centerline temperature distribution model is established, providing insights for thermal protection and evaluation.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Chenfeng Li, Jiayin Mao, Zixiong Kang, Shengzhu Zhao, Huilong Ren
Summary: The purpose of this paper is to investigate and evaluate the ship engine room fire spreading characteristics based on the effect of firefighting interventions. The large eddy simulation (LES) and theoretical models are employed to simulate a fire scene in the engine room. The fire spreading characteristics and the mechanism of the use of a fine water mist are obtained by varying the ventilation conditions and parameters of the water sprinkler. The results show that the reason why a pool fire can be more easily extinguished as the spray speed increases is because the water mist with a higher spray speed has a larger spray area. Meanwhile, the temperature in the engine room would drop more rapidly with the increasing spray area due to the higher evaporation rate. Furthermore, the arrangement of the ventilation conditions had an obvious effect on the fire spreading characteristics, as the depletion of the combustion medium affects the combustion situation.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yujiao Zhao, Lang Liu, De Wen, Bo Zhang, Xiaoyan Zhang, Huan Chao, Mei Wang, Xueli Wang
Summary: Abundant geothermal resources can be extracted from underground mines in China using the heat storage functional backfill technology. This study established a scale model test platform to investigate the heat transfer performance of a backfill coupled heat exchanger system. The results showed that the distance between pipes, pipe length, flow rate, and surrounding rock temperature had significant effects on the heat extraction and water outlet temperature. The highest total energy efficiency of 47.9% was obtained with a serpentine pipe arrangement, a working fluid velocity of 0.7 m/s, and a surrounding rock temperature of 35°C.
Article
Thermodynamics
Junhui Gong, Chunjie Zhai
Summary: This contribution presents an alternative methodology to predict solid ignition under increasing-steady heat flux, using an approximate analytical solution based on an ignition temperature criterion. Two typical heating conditions are emphasized, and a linear dependency of ignition time on the squared critical energy is found valid. The effect of critical temperature on ignition time predictions is quantitatively examined through parametric study.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Angela Solarte, Janal Numapo, Tam Do, Aaron Bolanos, Juan P. Hidalgo, Jose L. Torero
Summary: Laminated bamboo exhibits higher critical heat flux for ignition, ignition temperature, and thermal inertia compared to timber species.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Forestry
Zakary Campbell-Lochrie, Carlos Walker-Ravena, Michael Gallagher, Nicholas Skowronski, Eric V. Mueller, Rory M. Hadden
Summary: This study systematically investigates the effect of fuel structure on heat transfer mechanisms within and above porous fuel beds. The results show that the peak radiant heat flux from in-bed combustion region is greater than from the above-bed flame front for all studied fuel conditions. However, the radiant heating from the above-bed flame increases with fuel loading. Therefore, fuel structure plays an important role in heat transfer mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongfang Wang, Jiahao Zhang, Yikai Li, Ziming Yang, Zhongjie Shi, Yue Lou
Summary: The dynamics of low temperature combustion and intermediate temperature combustion significantly affect high temperature combustion and engine performance. Optical experiments were conducted to reveal the transition from low temperature combustion to intermediate temperature combustion and high temperature combustion in spray combustion under low ambient temperatures. The results show that the pressure in the combustion chamber increases significantly at low ambient temperatures and the transition can be diagnosed based on luminosity variations.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Rickard Hansen, Haukur Ingason
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2013)
Correction
Forestry
Rickard Hansen
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE
(2012)
Article
Mining & Mineral Processing
Rickard Hansen
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Rickard Hansen
Summary: This study discusses the importance of implementing passive fire protection measures for vehicles in underground mines, and found that relying solely on one type of passive measure may not be sufficient to address the different stages of a fire.
MINING METALLURGY & EXPLORATION
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Rickard Hansen
Summary: This study provides an in-depth analysis of tyre fires on mining vehicles, revealing that the construction of the wheelhouse/mudguard and tyre geometry can influence the flame tilt angle and temperature, thus increasing the risk of fires. Increasing knowledge of the tyre fire risk and implementing necessary measures is crucial for improving fire safety in underground mines.
MINING METALLURGY & EXPLORATION
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rickard Hansen
Summary: This study examined pre-incident planning in underground mines using data from experiments and design fire studies, finding that ventilation network-based mine fire simulations may be a better option for modelling spatially extensive mine sections and mitigating pre-planning challenges.
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Mining & Mineral Processing
Rickard Hansen
Summary: This paper studies the smoke stratification in a mine with a burning vehicle, considering the surface roughness, surface material, and impact of the vehicle. The study successfully captures the smoke stratification in the mine and its relationship with turbulence. It predicts the distances to non-stratified conditions and the influence of fire gas temperature on the stratification.
MINING TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF MINING AND METALLURGY
(2022)
Article
Mining & Mineral Processing
Rickard Hansen
Summary: By analyzing cone calorimeter test data and incident summary data, possible early detection solutions for mining vehicle fires were presented, including pre-ignition and post-ignition solutions such as using smoke sensors or oil mist detection systems. Discussion on the types of sensors needed for various types of vehicles and sections was also provided.
MINING TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF MINING AND METALLURGY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Rickard Hansen
GEOSYSTEM ENGINEERING
(2020)
Article
Mining & Mineral Processing
Rickard Hansen
MINING TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF MINING AND METALLURGY
(2020)
Article
Mining & Mineral Processing
Rickard Hansen
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Mining & Mineral Processing
Rickard Hansen
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Mining & Mineral Processing
Hansen Rickard
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Rickard Hansen
GEOSYSTEM ENGINEERING
(2018)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Tarek Beji, Bouaza Lafdal, Rabah Mehaddi
Summary: The paper presents experimental measurements of transient profiles of burning rates and liquid temperatures in methanol and heptane pool fires. The results suggest significant enhancement in heat transfer due to convective motion within the liquid. Additionally, a two-zone approach for the thermal structure within the liquid has been proposed and will be implemented in a numerical code.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Walter Klein-Hessling
Summary: Fire simulations and analytical validation approaches are becoming increasingly important in the fire safety assessment of nuclear power plants. The COCOSYS code has been improved to better simulate cable fires and has been validated through experiments. It provides a set of input parameters for different ventilation conditions.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Bing Wu, Yu Meng, Yongzheng Yao, Baiwei Lei, Jingxin Wang, Junjie Zhai
Summary: Underground laneway fires have a throttling effect on ventilation systems and the amount of CO produced by combustion is significantly influenced by ventilation conditions.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Ahmad Hassan, Gilbert Accary, Duncan Sutherland, Khalid Moinuddin
Summary: Numerical simulations were conducted to study laboratory-scale junction fires with a shrub fuel bed under different unidirectional wind conditions on various terrain slopes and junction angles. The results showed that the decrease in junction angle enhanced fire spread, and the impact of wind speed on fire behavior depended on the intermediate values of the junction angle. The driving heat transfer mode in junction fires varied based on the presence of wind and slope conditions.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Samuel Vaux, Emeline Georges, Hugues Pretrel
Summary: This study investigates an elevated pool fire scenario in a confined and forced ventilated compartment through both experimental and numerical methods. The objective is to enhance the understanding of the phenomena and evaluate the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) capabilities in this configuration. The comparison between large-scale fire tests and numerical simulations reveals differences in fuel mass loss rate and thermal stratifications between elevated and ground fires. The study also highlights the limitations of the predictive approach commonly used for ground fires when applied to elevated fires.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Mira von der Linde, Meinald T. Thielsch
Summary: This study investigates the motivation, emotions, and value of laypeople in fire incidents and finds that their active involvement provides support. The findings are helpful for emergency managers.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Hong-Zeng Yu, Xiangyang Zhou
Summary: This study conducted fire tests to evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating nitrogen to enhance the fire extinguishing capability of water mist in an obstructed, naturally-ventilated enclosure. The results showed that adding nitrogen did improve the water mist's fire extinguishing capability, although the extent of improvement varied depending on the fire size, obstruction, and ventilation conditions.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Rosaria Ono, Marcos Vargas Valentim, Fulvio Vittorino
Summary: This study presents the analysis of unimpeded walking speed of primary school children in descending movement in stairs, including the differences on walking speeds on the flights and landings and the impact of anthropo-metrical data on their walking speed. The research aimed to provide data for evacuation modelling that is not influenced by factors like crowds or adults controlling the flow. The findings show that anthropometrical characteristics or age do not significantly affect the children's movement in free walking condition, and the reduction factor on flights for children is higher than commonly adopted in simulation models.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Nicolas Correa, Juan Cuevas, Andres Fuentes, Jose Luis Torero, Pedro Reszka
Summary: The use of mass timber framing in high-rise buildings requires accurate structural fire performance calculations. A thermal model incorporating char oxidation is proposed in this study, and its effectiveness is validated by replicating experimental results. However, the model fails to accurately simulate the behavior during the later stages of surface combustion.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Bouaza Lafdal, Rabah Mehaddi, Pascal Boulet, Elmehdi Koutaiba, Tarek Beji
Summary: This paper presents a series of 48 enclosure fire experiments conducted in a 1.40 m cubic compartment. A new oscillatory combustion regime is discovered, characterized by alternations between well-ventilated and under-ventilated conditions. This finding calls for a better understanding and further analysis of the underlying physics.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Shenggang Fan, Xingyang Zheng, Jiacheng Zheng, Meijing Liu, Daoyang Dong
Summary: Based on experimental data and constitutive models, a simplified constitutive model of AISI304 stainless steel at high temperatures was proposed and analyzed in this study. Finite element analysis results showed that the simplified constitutive model produced acceptable results compared to the constitutive model fitted based on experimental data, indicating its feasibility and accuracy in calculating the fire resistance of specimens.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Julian E. Mendez, Martyn S. McLaggan, David Lange
Summary: The study characterised the fire spread dynamics in a simplified ventilated facade by conducting parametric experiments. The results showed a strong relationship between flame height and heat release rate. It was also found that the time for encapsulation failure and subsequent cladding material core ignition decreased as the cavity width was reduced. The study highlights the importance of considering the interaction of the products used in the facade and its geometry for the design of facade assemblies when accounting for the fire performance of the system.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
A. Galgano, C. Di Blasi
Summary: A sensitivity analysis was conducted on a one-dimensional solid-gas model for the ignition of thick poly (methyl methacrylate). The study found that the kinetics of polymer decomposition and monomer combustion play a crucial role in ignition time, and the properties of the polymer and the decomposition atmosphere should be properly considered.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Thomas Gernay
Summary: This paper provides an overview of the application of the Performance-Based Design approach in structural fire design. The value of the approach is demonstrated through case studies, and the process and role of the structural fire engineer are described. Recent research conducted at Johns Hopkins University, including issues such as the coupling between fire and thermal-structural models, characterization of material behavior at elevated temperature, numerical modeling of structures in fire, probabilistic risk assessment, and cost-benefit analyses, is discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of challenges and future perspectives for performance-based structural fire design.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Salman Ahmad, Hafiz Usman Ahmed, Asad Ali, Xinyi Yang, Ying Huang, Mingwei Guo, Yihao Ren, Pan Lu
Summary: This study investigates the driving behavior patterns of individuals during historical wildfire events and reveals the influence of driving conditions and wildfires on driving behavior, as well as the differences in driving behavior patterns between rural and urban areas.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)