期刊
BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
卷 399, 期 3, 页码 253-264出版社
WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH
DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0217
关键词
MAPK; MuRF-1; muscle atrophy; reactive oxygen species; Smad
资金
- National Fund for Science and Technology Development [FONDECYT 1161646, 1161288, 1161438]
- Programa de Cooperacion Cientifica ECOS-CONICYT [C16S02]
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy [P09-016-F]
- Universidad Andres Bello-Direccion de Investigacion [741-15/N]
- Conicyt [21161353]
- BASAL [FB0807]
- MECESUP PMI-UAB [1301]
- European Union's Horizon Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant [734801]
The transforming growth factor type-beta (TGF-beta) induces skeletal muscle atrophy characterised by a decrease in the fibre's diameter and levels of myosin heavy chain (MHC), also as an increase of MuRF-1 expression. In addition, TGF-beta induces muscle atrophy by a mechanism dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS). TGF-beta signals by activating both canonical Smad-dependent, and non-canonical signalling pathways such as ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 MAPKs. However, the participation of canonical and non-canonical signalling pathways in the TGF-beta atrophic effect on skeletal muscle is unknown. We evaluate the impact of Smad and MAPK signalling pathways on the TGF-beta-induced atrophic effect in C2C12 myotubes. The results indicate that TGF-beta activates Smad2/3, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2, but not p38 in myotubes. The pharmacological inhibition of Smad3, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 activation completely abolished the atrophic effect of TGF-beta. Finally, the inhibition of these canonical and non-canonical pathways did not decrease the ROS increment, while the inhibition of ROS production entirely abolished the phosphorylation of Smad3, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2. These results suggest that TGF-beta requires Smad3, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 activation to produce skeletal muscle atrophy. Moreover, the induction of ROS by TGF-beta is an upstream event to canonical and non-canonical pathways.
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