Article
Energy & Fuels
Shouxi Jiang, Laihong Shen, Jingchun Yan, Xin Niu, Bin Hu
Summary: The study investigated Cu-Fe bimetallic oxygen carriers (OCs) supported by SiO2, Al2O3, or hematite in a fluidized-bed reactor. It was found that CuFe-He and CuFe-Al OCs performed better than CuFe-Si OC, with the latter leading to deactivation due to irreversible interaction. Hematite was identified as an excellent support candidate for manufacturing Cu-Fe OCs. Additionally, maintaining a high O/C ratio and increasing reaction temperature above 850 degrees C promoted coal conversion efficiency in chemical looping combustion.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Birgitta Narindri Rara Winayu, Bing -Hong Li, Hsin Chu
Summary: This study investigates the application of 40% Fe2O3/TiO2 as an oxygen carrier in chemical looping combustion (CLC) technology and examines the factors influencing its reaction rate. The experimental results demonstrate that higher reaction rates and utilization values can be achieved by increasing superficial velocity, operating temperature, and the concentration of CO or H-2 under different operating conditions.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sunkyu Kim, Leelavathi Annamalai, Raul F. Lobo
Summary: The combination of methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) and chemical looping (CL) combustion of hydrogen can overcome the thermodynamic constraints limiting conversion. The development of selective hydrogen-oxidation oxygen carriers in the CL is crucial for improving MDA performance. A novel oxygen carrier, silica-encapsulated Fe2O3, demonstrated high overall methane conversion and aromatics yield in a recirculating system. The silica layer prevented aromatics diffusion and promoted hydrogen transport and oxidation, while close physical contact between iron oxide particles and silica facilitated hydrogen conversion without full depletion of iron oxides.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mingze Su, Haibo Zhao, Xiaoyu Wang
Summary: This study explores the oxygen uncoupling kinetics of CuO oxygen carrier using a multi-scale methodology. The results show that gas diffusion, especially in the sample layer, plays a significant role in the conversion process of CuO samples. Additionally, the physical structure of CuO particles, specifically the grain size, has an important effect on the oxygen uncoupling rate, with an optimal size of 245 nm.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Min Li, Laizhi Sun, Lei Chen, Hongqing Feng, Baofeng Zhao, Shuangxia Yang, Xinping Xie, Xiaodong Zhang
Summary: The combination of Fe2O3 and CaO as oxygen carriers showed the best activity for chemical looping gasification of biomass. The maximum syngas yield was achieved at a sawdust:Fe2O3:CaO mass ratio of 2:2:1 and a reaction temperature of 850 degrees C. Fe2O3 provided oxygen for gasification, while CaO absorbed CO2 and catalyzed reactions, showing good cycling characteristics.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kailong Xu, Dunyu Liu, Liang Feng, Jing Jin, Zhibo Xiong, Mingguo Ni, Zhuang Liu, Qiuqi Liu, Fengxiao Hou
Summary: Mercury pollution, primarily from coal combustion, poses a serious threat to both human health and ecosystems. A magnetic material, CTF, was developed to enhance the removal of elemental mercury (Hg-0) during chemical-looping combustion of coal (CLCC). Results showed that CTF promoted the conversion of Hg-0 to Hg2+/HgP in the presence of HCl, contributing to a higher mercury removal efficiency.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Hu, Hilde Poelman, Stavros-Alexandros Theofanidis, Jonas J. Joos, Christophe Detavernier, Dirk Poelman, Wei Wei, Vladimir V. Galvita
Summary: CCLHGD is a new hot gas desulfurization method that utilizes alternating sulfuration and regeneration processes to remove H2S. Fe2O3 is gradually converted into iron sulfides by H2S, and it can be fully regenerated to iron oxides by CO2. This work provides an efficient chemical looping scheme for H2S removal and offers new opportunities for hot gas desulfurization.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jinchen Ma, Xin Tian, Haibo Zhao, Jingjing Ma, Chuguang Zheng
Summary: The performance of CuO@TiO2-Al2O3 oxygen carrier in CLOU is affected by coal ash, but it still has stable redox reactivity. The deposition of Ca from coal ash is found on the surface of the OC, but a close-grained ash shell is avoided due to the continuous release of gaseous O2 by CuO. Additionally, stable active phases were detected in both fresh and used samples.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jun Young Kim, Zezhong John Li, Naoko Ellis, C. Jim Lim, John R. Grace
Summary: A jet attrition model has been developed to predict the evolution of particle size distribution in fluidized beds, showing good agreement with experimental results. The model considers fragmentation, abrasion, and material fatigue, with fitting parameters determined based on nonlinear least squares regression.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yanru Sun, Jun Li, Hongzhong Li
Summary: Large core-shell-like Fe2O3/MgO microspheres were synthesized via hydrothermal precipitation method, with particle morphology dominated by PVP and diameter affected by nucleation rate and growth rate. The diameter of the microspheres decreased with increasing PVP concentration and urea concentration. The core-shell-like microspheres showed good sintering resistance and cycle stability when used as oxygen carriers for chemical looping dry reforming.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Laixing Luo, Xing Zheng, Jianye Wang, Wu Qin, Xianbin Xiao, Zongming Zheng
Summary: In this study, biomass chemical looping gasification with Fe2O3 as the oxygen carrier was used for the production of hydrogen, with ethanol as the probe reaction to reveal the decomposition mechanism. The results showed that the degree of reduction of the Fe2O3(001) surface had a significant effect on the catalytic decomposition of ethanol into synthesis gas, indicating the importance of understanding the CLG reaction mechanism on perfect and reduced OC surfaces.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jingchun Yan, Tianxu Shen, Peng Wang, Xianglei Yin, Xiao Zhu, Shouxi Jiang, Laihong Shen
Summary: An innovative fluidized bed thermogravimetric analyzer was designed to study the performance of oxygen carriers in chemical looping combustion processes, revealing that high-grade manganese ore with less silicon content is more suitable for industrial CLC pilots.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhong Ma, Guofu Liu, Yonggang Lu, Junfeng Wang, Hui Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the effect of doping different metals onto iron-based oxygen carriers, finding that Sr could effectively enhance the stability of the oxygen carriers, while Ce and La had weaker effects. The research provides guidance for the preparation of iron-based oxygen carriers with high redox performance.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ratnakumar V. Kappagantula, Gordon D. Ingram, Hari B. Vuthaluru
Summary: Chemical Looping Combustion technologies have the ability to capture carbon dioxide and are modeled using a specialized Fluidized Bed Reactor block in Aspen Plus. Sensitivity studies showed that solid volume fraction decreases with bed height and superficial velocity, while the height to diameter ratio of the fluidized bed is an important variable in reactor design.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jinze Dai, Kevin J. Whitty
Summary: In this study, the energy balance of a CuO-based CLC system firing various solid fuels was investigated, and a thermodynamic model was established. The results showed that the temperature difference between the FR and AR is not very sensitive to the heating value of the fuel, while factors such as CuO loading, support material heat capacity, and fluidizing gas flow rate have significant impacts.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ronald W. Breault, Justin Weber, Lawrence J. Shadle
Article
Engineering, Chemical
J. Yang, R. W. Breault, S. L. Rowan, J. M. Weber
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jingsi Yang, Ronald W. Breault, Justin Weber
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ronald W. Breault, Steven L. Rowan, Justin M. Weber, Jingsi Yang
JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Justin Weber, William Fullmer, Aytekin Gel, Jordan Musser
JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2020)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ranjani Siriwardane, Jarrett Riley, William Benincosa, Samuel Bayham, Michael Bobek, Douglas Straub, Justin Weber
Summary: The Copper-Ferri-Manganese-Aluminate spinel oxygen carrier developed at NETL has shown promising results for chemical looping combustion with methane, with high attrition resistance and oxygen transfer capacity. The carrier prepared at a commercial manufacturing facility displayed similar performance to lab scale preparations, demonstrating satisfactory methane conversion and high particle durability during testing.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Samuel C. Bayham, Nathan L. Galinsky, Bryan Hughes, Xiaoyang Wei
Summary: This study investigates the attrition of hematite particles using a modified ASTM apparatus, revealing a severe variation in particle size distributions that decreases over time. By fitting weight fractions of the sieves over time to a linear, time-variant population balance model, insights into particle attrition were gained. The first-order rate constant was modified as a decaying exponential to better understand particle attrition behavior.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ronald W. Breault, Justin Weber
Summary: A new correlation is proposed to predict the saturation carrying capacity of Geldart Group A particles, improving upon currently available correlations and covering a wide range of parameters. The new correlation has a high level of accuracy, with an Absolute Average Percent Deviation of only 17.6%.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ronald W. Breault, Justin Weber, Jingsi Yang
Summary: This study introduces a new correlation to describe the saturation carrying capacity of risers in a circulating fluidized bed, applicable to Geldart Group B particles; analysis reveals significant differences in the functionality of saturation carrying capacity for small and large particles.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Justin Weber, Jonathan E. Higham, Jordan Musser, William D. Fullmer
Summary: This study focuses on quantifying the visible depth of field in a dense fluidized bed by extracting particle velocity from simulated data and high-speed videos, comparing the errors of different particle tracking methods. The results show that at a depth of one particle diameter, all three tracking codes provide accurate measurements, but errors increase when looking at full bed video measurements.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xiaoyang Wei, Justin Weber, Ronald W. Breault
Summary: Gas-solid circulating fluidized beds (CFBs) are widely used as reactors in industry, and the performance heavily relies on the interaction between gas and clusters. This study numerically quantified the gas-cluster interaction and proposed an empirical correlation to quantify the interaction, contributing significantly to the design and optimization of CFBs.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Rupen Panday, Nor Farida Harun, Biao Zhang, Daniel Maloney, David Tucker, Samuel Bayham
Summary: This paper investigates how the kinetic energy from turbomachinery can enhance short-term ramp rates during load following, and estimates the rotational inertia of the turbogenerator in the model. It is shown that the inertia and damping coefficients can be determined from the rotor motion data without torque measurement. Additionally, the reactive power capability of the generator is studied.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Chien-Shing Lee, Tom I-P. Shih, Douglas Straub, Justin M. Weber, Edward H. Robey
Summary: This study investigates the effect of downstream vortex generators on film cooling effectiveness through computational and experimental methods. The computational study is based on steady RANS equations closed by the SST turbulence model with and without conjugate heat transfer analysis. The experimental study is conducted using a conjugate heat transfer test rig, measuring velocity and temperature profiles upstream and downstream of the film-cooling holes, as well as temperature at various locations on the film-cooled flat plate. The results show the influence of blowing ratio and temperature ratio on flow structures and film cooling effectiveness.
JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Justin Weber, E. David Huckaby, Douglas Straub
Summary: Inverse design techniques utilize advances in 3D printing, artificial intelligence, and computational resources to improve the performance of heat exchangers. By using genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization techniques, as well as three geometry representations, the heat transfer efficiency of a heat exchanger fin can be increased while reducing pressure drop. The results of over 210,810 OpenFOAM simulations show that significant performance improvements can be achieved in less than 48 hours, allowing for integration into traditional design processes. The best design increased the objective function's performance by 75% compared to the baseline rectangular geometry. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Biao Zhang, Nor Farida Harun, Nana Zhou, Jose J. Colon-Rodriguez, Danylo Oryshchyn, Lawrence Shadle, David Tucker, Samuel Bayham
Summary: Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) have important roles in integrated energy systems (IES) as both hydrogen production and resilience energy hubs. This research develops and validates a real-time multiphysics model for pressurized SOEC, quantifying the accuracy of the single repeating unit (SRU) assumption in SOEC stack simulation. The modeling results suggest that more power is consumed by SOEC at elevated operating pressures. Additionally, the anode air and cathode stream have major impacts on thermal management, highlighting the potential benefits of integrating SOEC with other thermal processes.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shitong Fang, Houfan Du, Tao Yan, Keyu Chen, Zhiyuan Li, Xiaoqing Ma, Zhihui Lai, Shengxi Zhou
Summary: This paper proposes a new type of nonlinear VIV energy harvester (ANVEH) that compensates for the decrease in peak energy output at low wind speeds by introducing an auxiliary structure. Theoretical and experimental results show that ANVEH performs better than traditional nonlinear VIV energy harvesters under various system parameter variations.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Jiang, Shuo Zhang, Teng Wang, Yufei Zhang, Aimin Sha, Jingjing Xiao, Dongdong Yuan
Summary: A standardized method was developed to evaluate the availability of solar energy resources in road areas, which combined the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Geographic Information System (GIS). By analyzing critical factors and using a multi-indicator evaluation method, the method accurately evaluated the utilization of solar energy resources and guided the optimal location selection for road photovoltaic (PV) projects. The results provided guidance for the application of road PV projects and site selection for route corridors worldwide, promoting the integration of transportation and energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chang Liu, Jacob A. Wrubel, Elliot Padgett, Guido Bender
Summary: The study investigates the effects of coating defects on the performance of the anode porous transport layer (PTL) in water electrolyzers. The results show that an increasing fraction of uncoated regions on the PTL leads to decreased cell performance, with continuous uncoated regions having a more severe impact compared to multiple thin uncoated strips.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marcos Tostado-Veliz, Xiaolong Jin, Rohit Bhakar, Francisco Jurado
Summary: In this paper, a coordinated charging price mechanism for clusters of parking lots is proposed. The research shows that enabling vehicle-to-grid characteristics can bring significant economic benefits for users and the cluster coordinator, and vehicle-to-grid impacts noticeably on the risk-averse character of the uncertainty-aware strategies. The developed pricing mechanism can reduce the cost for users, avoiding to directly translate the energy cost to charging points.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Duan Kang
Summary: Building an energy superpower is a key strategy for China and a long-term goal for other countries. This study proposes an evaluation system and index for measuring energy superpower, and finds that China has significantly improved its ranking over the past 21 years, surpassing other countries.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fucheng Deng, Yifei Wang, Xiaosen Li, Gang Li, Yi Wang, Bin Huang
Summary: This study investigated the synergistic blockage mechanism of sand and hydrate in gravel filling layer and the evolution of permeability in the layer. Experimental models and modified permeability models were established to analyze the effects of sand particles and hydrate formation on permeability. The study provided valuable insights for the safe and efficient exploitation of hydrate reservoirs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hao Wang, Xiwen Chen, Natan Vital, Edward Duffy, Abolfazl Razi
Summary: This study proposes a HVAC energy optimization model based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm. It achieves 37% energy savings and ensures thermal comfort for open office buildings. The model has a low complexity, uses a few controllable factors, and has a short training time with good generalizability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Moyue Cong, Yongzhuo Gao, Weidong Wang, Long He, Xiwang Mao, Yi Long, Wei Dong
Summary: This study introduces a multi-strategy ultra-wideband energy harvesting device that achieves high power output without the need for external power input. By utilizing asymmetry, stagger array, magnetic coupling, and nonlinearity strategies, the device maintains a stable output voltage and high power density output at non-resonant frequencies. Temperature and humidity monitoring are performed using Bluetooth sensors to adaptively assess the device.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tianshu Dong, Xiudong Duan, Yuanyuan Huang, Danji Huang, Yingdong Luo, Ziyu Liu, Xiaomeng Ai, Jiakun Fang, Chaolong Song
Summary: Electrochemical water splitting is crucial for hydrogen production, and improving the hydrogen separation rate from the electrode is essential for enhancing water electrolyzer performance. However, issues such as air bubble adhesion to the electrode plate hinder the process. Therefore, a methodology to investigate the two-phase flow within the electrolyzer is in high demand. This study proposes using a microfluidic system as a simulator for the electrolyzer and optimizing the two-phase flow by manipulating the micro-structure of the flow.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuo Han, Yifan Yuan, Mengjiao He, Ziwen Zhao, Beibei Xu, Diyi Chen, Jakub Jurasz
Summary: Giving full play to the flexibility of hydropower and integrating more variable renewable energy is of great significance for accelerating the transformation of China's power energy system. This study proposes a novel day-ahead scheduling model that considers the flexibility limited by irregular vibration zones (VZs) and the probability of flexibility shortage in a hydropower-variable renewable energy hybrid generation system. The model is applied to a real hydropower station and effectively improves the flexibility supply capacity of hydropower, especially during heavy load demand in flood season.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhen Wang, Kangqi Fan, Shizhong Zhao, Shuxin Wu, Xuan Zhang, Kangjia Zhai, Zhiqi Li, Hua He
Summary: This study developed a high-performance rotary energy harvester (AI-REH) inspired by archery, which efficiently accumulates and releases ultralow-frequency vibration energy. By utilizing a magnetic coupling strategy and an accumulator spring, the AI-REH achieves significantly accelerated rotor speeds and enhanced electric outputs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yi Yang, Qianyi Xing, Kang Wang, Caihong Li, Jianzhou Wang, Xiaojia Huang
Summary: In this study, a novel hybrid Quantile Regression (QR) model is proposed for Probabilistic Load Forecasting (PLF). The model integrates causal dilated convolution, residual connection, and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) for multi-scale feature extraction. In addition, a Combined Probabilistic Load Forecasting System (CPLFS) is proposed to overcome the inherent flaws of relying on a single model. Simulation results show that the hybrid QR outperforms traditional models and CPLFS exceeds the best benchmarks in terms of prediction accuracy and stability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wen-Jiang Zou, Young-Bae Kim, Seunghun Jung
Summary: This paper proposes a dynamic prediction model for capacity fade in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The model accurately predicts changes in electrolyte volume and capacity fade, enhancing the competitiveness of VRFBs in energy storage applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuechao Ma, Shengtie Wang, Guangchen Liu, Guizhen Tian, Jianwei Zhang, Ruiming Liu
Summary: This paper focuses on the balance of state of charge (SOC) among multiple battery energy storage units (MBESUs) and bus voltage balance in an islanded bipolar DC microgrid. A SOC automatic balancing strategy is proposed considering the energy flow relationship and utilizing the adaptive virtual resistance algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in achieving SOC balancing and decreasing bus voltage unbalance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Raad Z. Homod, Basil Sh. Munahi, Hayder Ibrahim Mohammed, Musatafa Abbas Abbood Albadr, Aissa Abderrahmane, Jasim M. Mahdi, Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida, Bilal Naji Alhasnawi, A. S. Albahri, Hussein Togun, Umar F. Alqsair, Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Summary: In this study, the control problem of the multiple-boiler system (MBS) is formulated as a dynamic Markov decision process and a deep clustering reinforcement learning approach is applied to obtain the optimal control policy. The proposed strategy, based on bang-bang action, shows superior response and achieves more than 32% energy saving compared to conventional fixed parameter controllers under dynamic indoor/outdoor actual conditions.