Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Liang Guo, Bin Wu, Xuhong Wang, Xiaoying Kou, Xiaohong Zhu, Kaijing Fu, Qian Zhang, Shaojun Hong, Xinjun Wang
Summary: Long-term low-dose ionizing radiation (LLIR) has potential pathogenic effects on cancer and cardiovascular diseases, but exploring the phenotypic changes caused by LLIR in human cohorts is technically and ethically challenging. This study found clear metabolic phenotypic differences between LLIR and non-LLIR exposed participants, and further categorized LLIR exposed workers into two types of metabolic phenotypes, corresponding to high and low damage types. 3-hydroxypropanoate and glycolaldehyde were identified as sensitive indicators to radiation damage, while taurine metabolism-related pathways were identified as the main differential metabolic pathway under LLIR induction.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Vijay K. Singh, Thomas M. Seed, Amrita K. Cheema
Summary: Metabolomics is highly informative in assessing radiation exposure levels and identifying biomarkers of radiation injury and countermeasure efficacy. Recent advances in analytics have led to targeted and untargeted approaches for biomarker identification. Biomarkers are essential for assessing radiation exposure levels and determining scaling factors for radiation countermeasures.
EXPERT REVIEW OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chunyuan Yin, Amy C. C. Harms, Thomas Hankemeier, Alida Kindt, Elizabeth C. M. de Lange
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is an aging-related neurodegenerative disease that leads to progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Understanding the pathogenesis and etiology of the disease is still limited, and there are no effective treatments available. Metabolomics offers a valuable approach to studying biochemical changes and discovering potential therapeutic targets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biology
Vijay K. Singh, Thomas M. Seed
Summary: This article reports on the status of pharmaceuticals in late stage development for treating acute injuries caused by radiological/nuclear exposures. Four medications have been deemed safe and effective by the US FDA for hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS), primarily recombinant growth factors. Additional medications are needed for other sub-syndromes of ARS, potentially through a polypharmaceutical or bioengineered approach.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
He Nie, Jiadong Pan, Fangmei An, Chuwei Zheng, Qinglin Zhang, Qiang Zhan
Summary: Through metabolomics analysis, several differentially expressed serum metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute radiation enteritis, while also revealing potential pathways through which these metabolites participate in the pathogenesis of acute radiation enteritis.
TOHOKU JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Nadezda Khodorova, Delphine Jouan-Rimbaud Bouveresse, Serge Pilard, Christophe Cordella, Nathalie Locquet, Marion Oberli, Claire Gaudichon
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of four typical cooking methods for beef on the urinary metabolite profiles in rats, and found that consumption of boiled meat led to specific excretion of certain metabolites, potentially serving as intake biomarkers for this cooking method.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Bincy Varghese, Sreeranjini Babu, Aishwarya Jala, Panchanan Das, Rajesh Raju, Roshan M. Borkar, Ramu Adela
Summary: Through integrating next-generation sequencing and metabolomics multi-omics analysis of placenta, this study identified differentially expressed miRNAs, their target genes, altered metabolites, and metabolic pathways in gestational hypertension (GH) patients. The findings obtained from this study may contribute to further understanding of the molecular pathways associated with GH and the evaluation of prognostic markers.
ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Maria Pia Fabrile, Sergio Ghidini, Mauro Conter, Maria Olga Varra, Adriana Ianieri, Emanuela Zanardi
Summary: Sustainability is a key concern in Italian livestock systems, leading to the adoption of high standards in animal husbandry conditions by food business operators. The meat sector has introduced new label claims to emphasize animal welfare, requiring tools for authenticity and traceability in the meat supply chain. However, the assessment of animal welfare status remains challenging.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Megan E. Huibregtse, Jeffrey J. Bazarian, Sandy R. Shultz, Keisuke Kawata
Summary: Blood biomarkers can provide objective measures in traumatic brain injury (TBI) assessment and predict recovery duration. Proteomic markers, often examined in research, have short half-lives due to degradation, while emerging biomarkers like microRNA and extracellular vesicles can better reflect the genetic and metabolic alterations following TBI.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Biology
Carlos A. Montesinos, Radina Khalid, Octav Cristea, Joel S. Greenberger, Michael W. Epperly, Jennifer A. Lemon, Douglas R. Boreham, Dmitri Popov, Gitika Gorthi, Nandita Ramkumar, Jeffrey A. Jones
Summary: Space radiation poses a major challenge to space exploration, but through exposure-limiting methods, countermeasure strategies, and treatment and supportive care, the radiation risk can be mitigated, offering protection for long-duration exploration of the solar system.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Wenqian Lu, Cheng Hu
Summary: This review summarizes recent studies on biomolecules associated with GDM and postpartum diabetes, focusing on their predictive value in screening and diagnosis.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Neil K. Huang, Nirupa R. Matthan, Gregory Matuszek, Alice H. Lichtenstein
Summary: This study conducted a secondary analysis of a feeding trial to investigate the plasma metabolite profiles and their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in post-menopausal women with hypercholesterolemia. The results showed that amino acid-derived metabolites, phosphatidylethanolamine-derived metabolites, and isoflavones could potentially serve as biomarkers to distinguish between diets differing in protein type.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Marco Santin, Annamaria Ranieri, Marie-Theres Hauser, Begona Miras-Moreno, Gabriele Rocchetti, Luigi Lucini, Ake Strid, Antonella Castagna
Summary: UV-B radiation can modulate the secondary metabolism in peach fruit by enhancing the biosynthesis of specific phenolic subclasses, leading to metabolic changes within the flesh. The impact of UV-B on peach flesh metabolome is significant, especially in the increase of terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, phytoalexins, and fatty acids.UV-B radiation does not penetrate below the skin, indicating a possible signaling pathway between tissues.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yaoxiang Li, Jatinder Singh, Rency Varghese, Yubo Zhang, Oluseyi O. Fatanmi, Amrita K. Cheema, Vijay K. Singh
Summary: The study used an NHP model to investigate the impact of gamma-irradiation on gene expression, and identified several signaling pathways associated with survival outcomes, which may help identify biomarkers for radiation injury.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xinglong Liu, Chunlin Shao, Jiamei Fu
Summary: RILI is a major dose-limiting side effect in thoracic cancer patients during radiotherapy, with no reliable predictors or accurate risk models currently available. Early diagnosis is crucial to overcome this issue, and the development of integrated models and further prospective research are encouraged.
Article
Biology
Vijay K. Singh, Oluseyi O. Fatanmi, Stephen Y. Wise, Alana Carpenter, Sara Nakamura-Peek, Artur A. Serebrenik, Michael D. Kaytor
Summary: This study investigated the efficacy of a BIO 300 oral powder formulation as a prophylactic radiation MCM against cobalt-60 gamma-radiation in mice. Results showed that BIO 300 OP provided significant radioprotection in the murine model.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
Vijay K. Singh, Harold M. Swartz, Thomas M. Seed
Summary: The EPR-based radiation biodosimetry method is increasingly recognized for its potential in guiding the clinical management of individuals exposed to injurious levels of ionizing radiation. It complements and extends clinical assessments by providing more accurate information on the extent of radiation exposure. EPR biodosimetry can offer valuable physical dose and distribution information for effective medical management of radiation exposed individuals, supplementing biologically based biodosimetry and clinical findings.
APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarita Garg, Tarun K. Garg, Stephen Y. Wise, Oluseyi O. Fatanmi, Isabelle R. Miousse, Alena V. Savenka, Alexei G. Basnakian, Vijay K. Singh, Martin Hauer-Jensen
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of the vitamin E analog gamma-tocotrienol (GT3) on GI recovery in nonhuman primates (NHPs) after total-body irradiation. The results showed that GT3 promoted the survival and proliferation of intestinal stem cells, reduced cell apoptosis, and had a radioprotective function. Therefore, GT3 has the potential to be used as a prophylactic medical countermeasure for radiation-induced GI injury.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elliot Rosen, Oluseyi O. Fatanmi, Stephen Y. Wise, V. Ashutosh Rao, Vijay K. Singh
Summary: The study found that prophylactic administration of gamma-tocotrienol (GT3) provided 100% protection in a mouse model of total-body irradiation. Protein analysis identified specific serum proteins associated with radiation injury and protection.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Charles P. Hinzman, Baldev Singh, Shivani Bansal, Yaoxiang Li, Anton Iliuk, Michael Girgis, Kelly M. Herremans, Jose G. Trevino, Vijay K. Singh, Partha P. Banerjee, Amrita K. Cheema
Summary: Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (cEVs) play a crucial role in promoting cancer progression. This study found that cEVs can be readily internalized by normal cells and induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and protein response. Furthermore, cEVs can increase cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, regulated in part by certain biological molecules.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vijay K. Singh, Thomas M. Seed
Summary: This article discusses the potential applications of organ-on-chip technologies in the discovery and development of radiation medical countermeasures (MCMs) for acute radiation syndrome (ARS). The author emphasizes the importance of carefully selecting and optimizing the organ-on-chip system to improve the success rate of drug testing and reduce attrition rates. The recent progress in organ-on-chip technology holds promise for the development of additional radiation MCMs for ARS.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DISCOVERY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vijay K. K. Singh, Thomas M. Seed
Summary: The need for radiation medical countermeasures is growing due to the increasing possibility of radiological and nuclear emergencies. Gamma-tocotrienol, a component of vitamin E, is a promising radiation countermeasure that has shown significant efficacy in animal models of acute radiation syndrome.
EXPERT OPINION ON INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Vijay K. Singh, Artur A. Serebrenik, Oluseyi O. Fatanmi, Stephen Y. Wise, Alana D. Carpenter, Brianna L. Janocha, Michael D. Kaytor
Summary: Acute radiation exposure can cause acute radiation syndrome (ARS), and survivors are at risk of developing delayed effects, with the lungs being particularly vulnerable. There are currently no approved medical countermeasures (MCMs) for preventing or mitigating these lung effects. BIO 300, a synthetic genistein formulation, has shown promise as a prophylactic MCM for ARS. In this study, BIO 300 was found to significantly reduce lung inflammation and fibrosis in mice exposed to total body irradiation (TBI), suggesting it may be an effective protective treatment against DEARE-lung.
RADIATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Neetha Nanoth Vellichirammal, Sahil Sethi, Nagavardhini Avuthu, Stephen Y. Y. Wise, Alana D. D. Carpenter, Oluseyi O. O. Fatanmi, Chittibabu Guda, Vijay K. K. Singh
Summary: The development of advanced molecular biodosimetry methods, such as transcriptomics, is crucial for screening radiation-exposed victims. This study exposed nonhuman primates to different radiation doses and treatment with a potential radiation medical countermeasure. It identified common pathways activated by radiation and sex-specific differences in response.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vijay K. Singh, Alana D. Carpenter, Brianna L. Janocha, Sarah A. Petrus, Oluseyi O. Fatanmi, Stephen Y. Wise, Thomas M. Seed
Summary: Animal models are crucial for developing radiation medical countermeasures. Nonhuman primates play a significant role in obtaining regulatory approval for such agents. It is important to thoroughly characterize these animal models.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DISCOVERY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vijay K. Singh, Thomas M. Seed
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Alana D. Carpenter, Yaoxiang Li, Brianna L. Janocha, Stephen Y. Wise, Oluseyi O. Fatanmi, Manoj Maniar, Amrita K. Cheema, Vijay K. Singh
Summary: There are four approved radiation medical countermeasures for hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome currently recognized by the FDA, all of which are repurposed radiomitigators. The evaluation of potential candidate drugs to be used during radiological/nuclear emergencies is ongoing. Ex-Rad, a chlorobenzyl sulfone derivative, has shown efficacy in mitigating radiation-induced damage and restoring protein homeostasis and immune response in nonhuman primates in this study. The findings suggest that targeting functionally significant pathways may protect vital organs and improve long-term survival outcomes.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Vijay K. Singh, Meera Srivastava, Thomas M. Seed
Summary: Proteomics is a promising tool for evaluating levels of radiation exposure and characterizing radiation injury biomarkers. Recent advancements in high-resolution chromatography, mass spectrometry, high-throughput, and bioinformatics have resulted in comprehensive and precise approaches for the discovery and accuracy of key protein biomarkers of radiation exposure.
EXPERT REVIEW OF PROTEOMICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Vijay K. Singh, Oluseyi O. Fatanmi, Stephen Y. Wise, Alana D. Carpenter, Brianna Janocha, Thomas M. Seed
Summary: Threats of radiological or nuclear disasters are a major concern for government agencies involved in domestic security and public health preparedness. This study focuses on the need for sensitive bioassays and biomarkers to assess radiation exposure and evaluate the efficacy of medical countermeasures. Using various omic platforms, the researchers identified candidate biomarkers for acute radiation injury and found that multi-omic platforms are highly useful for assessing radiation exposure levels and identifying biomarkers of radiation injury and countermeasure efficacy.
RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vijay K. Singh, Thomas M. Seed
Summary: This article introduces the emergency situation when a nuclear accident or terrorist attack occurs in populated areas, focusing on the treatment of acute radiation syndrome. It specifically discusses the latest FDA-approved drug, romiplostim, as a treatment modality.