Article
Immunology
Liudan Tu, Churong Lin, Ya Xie, Xiaohong Wang, Qiujing Wei, Yanli Zhang, Jieruo Gu
Summary: This study found that patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) showed more active inflammatory and chronic structural damages on MRI compared to non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) patients, especially in terms of fat metaplasia and ankylosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Rheumatology
Denis Poddubnyy
Summary: This article discusses several challenges related to the concept, diagnosis, and treatment of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) in the historical context and in light of recent data. The disease is part of the spectrum of axial spondyloarthritis and is characterized by the absence of definite structural damage in the sacroiliac joints. The introduction of the concept of nr-axSpA has stimulated activities aimed at improving the early diagnosis and treatment of this disease, but it has also raised controversial topics in the field.
Article
Rheumatology
Jung Gon Kim, Joon-Yong Jung, Jennifer Lee, Seung-Ki Kwok, Ji Hyeon Ju, Sung-Hwan Park, Wan-Uk Kim
Summary: This study found that initial whole spine MRI assessment can predict radiographic progression and subsequent systemic inflammatory burden in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), particularly those without abnormalities on spine X-rays.
Article
Rheumatology
Walter P. Maksymowych, Robert G. W. Lambert, Liron Caplan, Filip E. van den Bosch, Mikkel ostergaard
Summary: The current RCT design does not fully utilize MRI to select nr-axSpA patients who best demonstrate differences in clinical response rates between active drug and placebo therapies. Future studies should incorporate revised patient inclusion criteria based on expanded MRI evaluation and data-driven definitions of a positive MRI to improve discrimination between therapies.
NATURE REVIEWS RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sho Fukui, Satoshi Kawaai, Haruki Sawada, Mitsumasa Kishimoto
Summary: In this review, the drug profile, efficacy, and safety of Upadacitinib for nr-axSpA are summarized, along with discussion of data concerning radiographic axSpA.
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Desiree van der Heijde, Mikkel Ostergaard, John D. Reveille, Xenofon Baraliakos, Andris Kronbergs, David M. Sandoval, Xiaoqi Li, Hilde Carlier, David H. Adams, Walter P. Maksymowych
Summary: This study evaluates the long-term effect of IXE on radiographic changes in the spine in patients with r-axSpA and identifies potential predictors of progression. The majority of patients had no radiographic progression in the spine through 2 years of treatment.
JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Walter P. Maksymowych, Rebecca Bolce, Gaia Gallo, Emily Seem, Vladimir J. Geneus, David M. Sandoval, Mikkel Ostergaard, Kurisu Tada, Xenofon Baraliakos, Atul Deodhar, Lianne S. Gensler
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of ixekizumab in the treatment of patients with radiographic axial SpA, regardless of elevated CRP levels or evidence of spinal inflammation on MRI. Ixekizumab demonstrated significant efficacy in improving symptoms in these patients.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kyung-Ann Lee, So Yun Lee, Se Hee Kim, Hyun-Sook Kim, Hae-Rim Kim, Sang-Hoon Lee
Summary: Pregnancy and delivery do not affect the radiographic progression of the spine and sacroiliac joints in women with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Atul Deodhar, Filip Van den Bosch, Denis Poddubnyy, Walter P. Maksymowych, Desiree van der Heijde, Tae-Hwan Kim, Mitsumasa Kishimoto, Ricardo Blanco, Yuanyuan Duan, Yihan Li, Aileen L. Pangan, Peter Wung, In-Ho Song
Summary: Upadacitinib demonstrates significant efficacy and safety in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis.
Article
Rheumatology
Y. B. Joo, I. -W. Baek, K. -S. Park, I. Tagkopoulos, K. -J. Kim
Summary: In this study, unbiased clustering analysis of phenotypic data identified three distinct subgroups of axSpA patients with different risk levels for radiographic progression. These subgroups showed significant differences in clinical characteristics and progression rates, which can be useful for risk stratification in the management of axSpA.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
R. Garofoli, M. Resche-Rigon, C. Roux, D. van der Heijde, M. Dougados, A. Molto
Summary: This study compared the performance of machine learning and traditional models in predicting radiographic progression in patients with early axial spondyloarthritis. The results showed that traditional models were able to predict radiographic progression as accurately as machine learning models in this population.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Lan Do, Gabriel Granasen, Urban Hellman, Kristina Lejon, Mats Geijer, Xenofon Baraliakos, Torsten Witte, Helena Forsblad-d'Elia
Summary: This study investigated IgA anti-CD74 levels in patients with r-axSpA and found that plasma levels were significantly higher compared to controls, and independently associated with radiographic spinal changes. This suggests that IgA anti-CD74 may play a role in the pathogenesis of r-axSpA.
Review
Rheumatology
Hideto Kameda, Shigeto Kobayashi, Naoto Tamura, Yuho Kadono, Kurisu Tada, Masahiro Yamamura, Tetsuya Tomita
Summary: Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) is a subgroup of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) that does not meet the criteria for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) based on sacroiliac joint radiographs as defined by the modified New York criteria. Although AS and nr-axSpA share similar demographic and clinical features, there are slight differences in sex and inflammatory markers between the two conditions. Japan has recently introduced diagnostic guidelines for nr-axSpA to accommodate their unique healthcare system and low prevalence of HLA-B27 positivity. Additionally, a biological agent targeting interleukin-17 has been approved for nr-axSpA in Japan, with other biologics expected to become available for patients in the near future.
MODERN RHEUMATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Rheumatology
Diego Benavent, Victoria Navarro-Compan
Summary: The concept of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) includes both non-radiographic (nr-axSpA) and traditional radiographic forms. The introduction of nr-axSpA has revolutionized the understanding and treatment of axSpA, leading to new research opportunities and a focus on early diagnosis. Studies have addressed concerns and clarified the differences between nr-axSpA and r-axSpA, paving the way for improved management across the axSpA spectrum.
CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Steven L. Truong, Tim McEwan, Paul Bird, Irwin Lim, Nivene F. Saad, Lionel Schachna, Andrew L. Taylor, Philip C. Robinson
Summary: The diagnosis of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) is challenging due to lack of specific diagnostic criteria and the presence of confounding factors. Imaging and blood tests are important in the diagnosis, with MRI showing moderate-to-high sensitivity and high specificity for nr-axSpA. Treatment involves NSAIDs and exercise for initial management, with TNF and IL-17 inhibitors for high disease activity. The consensus statements provide evidence-based practical guidance for the assessment and management of nr-axSpA.
RHEUMATOLOGY AND THERAPY
(2022)
Letter
Rheumatology
Pedro M. Machado, Martin Schaefer, Anja Strangfeld, Laure Gossec, Milena Gianfrancesco, Saskia Lawson-Tovey, Elsa F. Mateus, Loreto Carmona, Kimme L. Hyrich, Philip C. Robinson, Jinoos Yazdany
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Victoria Navarro-Compan, Anne Boel, Annelies Boonen, Philip J. Mease, Maxime Dougados, Uta Kiltz, Robert B. M. Landewe, Xenofon Baraliakos, Wilson Bautista-Molano, Praveena Chiowchanwisawakit, Hanne Dagfinrud, Lara Fallon, Marco Garrido-Cumbrera, Lianne Gensler, Bassel Kamal ElZorkany, Nigil Haroon, Yu Heng Kwan, Pedro M. Machado, Walter Maksymowych, Anna Molto, Natasha de Peyrecave, Denis Poddubnyy, Mikhail Protopopov, Sofia Ramiro, In-Ho Song, Salima van Weely, Desiree van der Heijde
Summary: This study aims to define the instruments for the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society-Outcomes Measures in Rheumatology core domain set for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). The study selected core outcome instruments through a systematic literature review and assessment of the instruments' psychometric properties. Additionally, the study endorsed additional instruments to enhance the evaluation of axSpA trials.
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Ann-Sophie De Craemer, Torsten Witte, Triana Lobaton Ortega, Anne Hoorens, Martine De Vos, Claude Cuvelier, Sebastiaan J. Vastert, Xenofon Baraliakos, Filip Van den Bosch, Dirk Elewaut
Summary: Serum anti-CD74 IgA is a potentially useful diagnostic biomarker for axSpA, but is not associated with gut inflammation or other disease-specific features.
Article
Rheumatology
Robert B. M. Landewe, Denis Poddubnyy, Proton Rahman, Filip E. Van den Bosch, Rebecca Bolce, Soyi Liu Leage, Jeffrey R. Lisse, So Young Park, Lianne Gensler
Summary: In patients with axial spondyloarthritis who flared after withdrawal of IXE therapy, retreatment with open-label IXE can recapture a certain proportion of patients achieving low disease activity (LDA) or inactive disease (ID).
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Desiree van der Heijde, Atul Deodhar, Xenofon Baraliakos, Matthew A. Brown, Hiroaki Dobashi, Maxime Dougados, Dirk Elewaut, Alicia M. Ellis, Carmen Fleurinck, Karl Gaffney, Lianne S. Gensler, Nigil Haroon, Marina Magrey, Walter P. Maksymowych, Alexander Marten, Ute Massow, Marga Oortgiesen, Denis Poddubnyy, Martin Rudwaleit, Julie Shepherd-Smith, Tetsuya Tomita, Filip van den Bosch, Thomas Vaux, Huji Xu
Summary: The BE MOBILE 1 and BE MOBILE 2 trials demonstrated that bimekizumab, a dual IL-17A and IL-17F inhibitor, improved efficacy outcomes in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and was well tolerated. These findings support the use of bimekizumab as a potential treatment option for axSpA.
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Rheumatology
Andreas Kerschbaumer, Alexandre Sepriano, Sytske Anne Bergstra, Josef S. Smolen, Desiree van der Heijde, Roberto Caporali, Christopher John Edwards, Patrick Verschueren, Savia de Souza, Janet E. Pope, Tsutomu Takeuchi, Kimme L. Hyrich, Kevin L. Winthrop, Daniel Aletaha, Tanja A. Stamm, Jan W. Schoones, Robert B. M. Landewe
Summary: This study aimed to update the evidence on the efficacy of DMARDs and provide information for the 2022 update of EULAR recommendations for RA management. A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the efficacy of cs, b, biosimilar, and tsDMARDs in RA patients. The results showed that csDMARDs combined with short-term glucocorticoids in early RA were as effective as bDMARD+MTX combination therapy. JAK inhibitors were effective in different patient populations. Tapering of DMARDs was feasible for some patients who could maintain low disease activity or achieve remission.
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Juergen Braun, Uta Kiltz, Xenofon Baraliakos
Summary: This review focuses on two emerging drugs, bimekizumab and filgotinib, for the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Unlike other IL-17 inhibitors, JAK inhibitors are also effective in rheumatoid arthritis. Further research is needed to determine the efficacy of these drugs in the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis.
EXPERT OPINION ON BIOLOGICAL THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Gergerly Bertalan, Julia Becker, Heiko Tzschaetzsch, Anna Morr, Helge Herthum, Mehrgan Shahryari, Ryan D. Greenhalgh, Jing Guo, Leif Schroeder, Christian Alzheimer, Silvia Budday, Kristian Franze, Juergen Braun, Ingolf Sack
Summary: The mechanical properties of brain tissue are complex and vary depending on species, region, measurement method, and in vivo or ex vivo conditions. Through various methods, we found that brain stiffness shows remarkable consistency across species, in vivo and ex vivo states, and different measurement techniques when considering viscoelastic dispersion properties combining equilibrium and non-equilibrium mechanical elements.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Iain B. McInnes, Akihiko Asahina, Laura C. Coates, Robert Landewe, Joseph F. Merola, Christopher Ritchlin, Yoshiya Tanaka, Laure Gossec, Alice B. Gottlieb, Richard B. Warren, Barbara Ink, Deepak Assudani, Rajan Bajracharya, Vishvesh Shende, Jason Coarse, Philip J. Mease
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Bimekizumab in patients with active psoriatic arthritis who were naive to biologic DMARDs. The results showed that Bimekizumab treatment had superior improvements in joint, skin, and radiographic efficacy outcomes compared with placebo, and the safety profile was consistent with previous studies.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Joseph F. Merola, Robert Landewe, Iain B. McInnes, Philip J. Mease, Christopher T. Ritchlin, Yoshiya Tanaka, Akihiko Asahina, Frank Behrens, Dafna D. Gladman, Laure Gossec, Alice B. Gottlieb, Diamant Thaci, Richard B. Warren, Barbara Ink, Deepak Assudani, Rajan Bajracharya, Vishvesh Shende, Jason Coarse, Laura C. Coates
Summary: This study compared the efficacy and safety of Bimekizumab with placebo in patients with active psoriatic arthritis. The results showed that Bimekizumab treatment led to superior improvements in joint and skin efficacy outcomes compared with placebo. The safety profile of Bimekizumab was consistent with previous studies.
Correction
Rheumatology
Atul Deodhar, Denis Poddubnyy, Proton Rahman, Jeorg Ermann, Tetsuya Tomita, Rebeca Bolce, Soyi Liu Leage, Andris Kronbergs, Caroline Johnson, Joana Araujo, Ann Leung, Desiree van der Heijde
JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Lotte van Ouwerkerk, Patrick Verschueren, Maarten Boers, Paul Emery, Pascal Hendrik Pieter de Jong, Robert B. M. Landewe, Willem Lems, Josef S. Smolen, Tom W. J. Huizinga, Cornelia F. Allaart, Sytske Anne Bergstra
Summary: In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the use of glucocorticoids (GC) as bridging therapy resulted in a more rapid clinical improvement and fewer changes in medication, but similar long-term GC use compared with patients who did not receive bridging therapy.
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Rosalinde Stal, Sofia Ramiro, Desiree van der Heijde, Floris A. van Gaalen, Xenofon Baraliakos, Pedro M. Machado, Manouk de Hooge, Rosaline van den Berg, Monique Reijnierse, Juergen Braun, Robert Landewe, Alexandre Sepriano
Summary: In patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis, vertebral corner inflammation can lead to the development of syndesmophytes, but only a small portion of this effect is explained by vertebral corner fat deposition.
Letter
Rheumatology
Zachary S. Wallace, Jeffrey A. Sparks, Philip C. Robinson, Pedro M. Machado, Jinoos Yazdany
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2023)