Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Janet B. McGill, Daniel Weiss, Marshall Grant, Marisa C. Jones, David M. Kendall, Byron J. Hoogwerf
Summary: Comparing inhaled insulin with short-acting insulin analogues showed that inhaled insulin can improve post-meal glucose levels and reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Geremia B. Bolli, Francesca Porcellati, Paola Lucidi, Carmine G. Fanelli, David R. Owens
Summary: Insulin development in the human body has gone through extraction from animal pancreas, purification, and the emergence of regular human insulin synthesized using rDNA technology in the '80s, leading to the development of designer insulins. The introduction of rapid-acting insulin analogs has significantly improved treatment convenience for patients and reduced the risk of late hypoglycemia.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Qi Pan, Xiaoxia Wang, Wenjia Li, Xiaofeng Chen, Yulei Zhuang, Qinghong Zhou, Yuhui Huang, Yijie Zhou, Li Lan, Zhijie Wang, Wenjia Wang, Juan Hong, Wei-Hua Hao, Yu-Tsai Yang, Lixin Guo
Summary: This study aimed to verify whether the oral insulin N11005 is used as a prandial insulin by comparing its pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety profiles with a short-acting biosynthetic human insulin (Novolin R). A total of 12 healthy Chinese male subjects were enrolled in the study, and the results showed that N11005 has similar PD characteristics to prandial insulins, with a faster onset of action and comparable duration of action to the reference insulin. The study also demonstrated the safety and tolerability of N11005.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Lane Desborough, Karen Jaffe, Joseph Hanna, Johanna Ulloa, Kevin Kaiserman
Summary: Computer Modeling and Simulation (CM&S) can reduce patient burden and support regulatory decision making. In a pilot program initiated by the FDA, MannKind Corporation and Nudge BG used CM&S to support a label change for Afrezza, an inhalable insulin. The FDA found the simulation helpful and requested additional clinical evidence. This pilot experience suggests that CM&S is a credible method for evidence generation.
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marzieh Salehi, Ralph DeFronzo, Amalia Gastaldelli
Summary: This study investigated the effect of weight loss surgery on insulin kinetics. The results showed that the altered insulin clearance rate after surgery is mainly attributed to the liver rather than other organs. In addition, the endogenous insulin clearance rate is more sensitive to the increase in circulating insulin levels, while peripheral insulin sensitivity is similar among the three groups. After a meal, the weight loss surgery group had higher insulin secretion, independent of glycemic levels. Compared to sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass surgery resulted in greater post-meal insulin secretion and a reduction in post-meal insulin clearance rate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. S. Magalhaes, P. Smith, J. R. Portman, L. H. Jackson-Jones, C. C. Bain, P. Ramachandran, Z. Michalidou, R. H. Stimson, M. R. Dweck, L. Denby, N. C. Henderson, S. J. Jenkins, C. Benezech
Summary: The research suggests that Tim4 plays a key regulatory role in resident adipose tissue macrophages, leading to specific transcriptional activation and affecting cholesterol transport after lipid ingestion. This provides a new pathway for treating dyslipidemia.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Enza Mozzillo, Roberto Franceschi, Francesca Di Candia, Alessia Ricci, Letizia Leonardi, Martina Girardi, Francesco Maria Rosanio, Maria Loredana Marcovecchio
Summary: The systematic review aimed to investigate the optimal timing of insulin bolus in youths with type 1 diabetes. The findings suggest that pre-meal administration of insulin is associated with lower postprandial blood glucose levels and reduced HbA1c without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. Furthermore, postprandial administration of fast-acting analogues is superior to rapid-acting analogues in controlling postprandial glycemia. These results have important implications for improving blood glucose control and quality of life in patients.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tim Heise, Carolina Piras de Oliveira, Rattan Juneja, Anderson Ribeiro, Farai Chigutsa, Thomas Blevins
Summary: Ultra-rapid lispro (URLi) is a novel insulin formulation with accelerated absorption and earlier onset of action, allowing for better postprandial glucose control in individuals with diabetes without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jing Wang, Sijia Wang, Jieping Yang, Susanne M. Henning, Zahra Ezzat-Zadeh, Shih-Lung Woo, Tianyu Qin, Yajing Pan, Chi-Hong Tseng, David Heber, Zhaoping Li
Summary: This study found that consuming cinnamon had differential effects on post-prandial hormonal responses in normal weight and overweight/obese participants, with overweight/obese participants experiencing a significant reduction in insulin response after consuming 6g of cinnamon. Normal weight participants may experience a decrease in glucagon response after consuming cinnamon.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Anna Jansson, Patricia Harris, Sara Larsdotter Davey, Nanna Luthersson, Sveinn Ragnarsson, Sara Ringmark
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of replacing 50% of the daily forage allowance with good quality wheat straw on gastric ulcers, metabolic profile, and behavior of horses. The results showed that this practice does not cause gastric ulcers, but can extend feeding time and promote a metabolic profile more suitable for overweight horses.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hwi Seung Kim, Jiwoo Lee, Chang Hee Jung, Joong-Yeol Park, Woo Je Lee
Summary: Dulaglutide showed comparable efficacy to prandial insulin in kidney transplant recipients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, resulting in reduced fasting plasma glucose levels, body weight, and basal insulin doses. It may be an effective alternative for those on multiple daily insulin injections.
DIABETES & METABOLISM JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Philip Levin, Byron J. Hoogwerf, Janet Snell-Bergeon, Tim Vigers, Laura Pyle, Lee Bromberger
Summary: The study showed that treatment with inhaled insulin using a simple algorithm improved glycemic control in patients with diabetes, as demonstrated by reductions in both HbA1c levels and time spent within the target blood glucose range, with low rates of hypoglycemia.
ENDOCRINE PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Pietro Lucotti, Elisabetta Lovati, Marco Vincenzo Lenti, Beatrice Valvo, Elisa Sprio, Nicola Aronico, Paolo Giuffrida, Dominica Dell'Aera, Alessandra Pasini, Cristina Ubezio, Mariangela Delliponti, Carmine Tinelli, Gino Roberto Corazza, Antonio Di Sabatino
Summary: CD patients show abnormal post-prandial GLP-1 and GLP-2 levels, which are correlated with chronic inflammation and insulin secretion/sensitivity, but not with body composition parameters.
CLINICS AND RESEARCH IN HEPATOLOGY AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Diana Wu, Trevor Feagin, Peter Mage, Alexandra Rangel, Leighton Wan, Dehui Kong, Anping Li, John Coller, Michael Eisenstein, Hyongsok Soh
Summary: Aptamers incorporating chemically modified bases can achieve superior affinity and specificity compared to natural aptamers. The non-natural aptamer array (N2A2) system offers a high-throughput method for generating and characterizing large libraries of base-modified DNA aptamers. The N2A2 system provides a broadly accessible tool for generating high-quality affinity reagents for diverse applications.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Stephanie F. Greene, Kristen J. Nikula, Dominic Poulin, Kevin McInally, Jack A. Reynolds
Summary: Afrezza, delivered through the Gen2 inhaler, demonstrated good pulmonary safety in long-term nonclinical studies, with controlled effects on rats and dogs and no carcinogenic potential. Exposure to Technosphere particles may cause nasal damage, but the impact on the lungs is minimal.
TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY
(2021)