Article
Environmental Sciences
Katherine R. Landwehr, Jessica Hillas, Ryan Mead-Hunter, Andrew King, Rebecca A. O' Leary, Anthony Kicic, Benjamin J. Mullins, Alexander N. Larcombe, W. A. E. R. P. WAERP
Summary: To address climate change and reduce carbon footprint, the use of renewable biodiesel blended with commercial diesel fuel is expected to increase. This study aimed to assess the impact of biodiesel feedstock on exhaust toxicity of 20% blended biodiesel fuels. The results showed that different biodiesel feedstocks had varying effects on exhaust toxicity, with palm, soy, and tallow biodiesel being the most toxic, and canola and WCO biodiesel being the least toxic. The findings suggest that feedstock type greatly influences the exhaust toxicity, even at a 20% blend ratio.
Review
Thermodynamics
Seyyed Hassan Hosseini, Athanasios Tsolakis, Avinash Alagumalai, Omid Mahian, Su Shiung Lam, Junting Pan, Wanxi Peng, Meisam Tabatabaei, Mortaza Aghbashlo
Summary: Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier that can be produced from renewable resources. It can be used in diesel engines with little modification and has the potential to improve performance and reduce emissions. However, there are challenges such as knocking combustion and higher nitrogen oxide emissions. This paper comprehensively reviews the effects of hydrogen on dual-fuel diesel engines and discusses opportunities and limitations. Suggestions for improving hydrogen-fueled diesel engines include reformulating pilot fuel, blending hydrogen with other fuels, adjusting engine parameters, and using exhaust gas catalysts.
PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Roel Vermeulen, Lutzen Portengen
Summary: This article quantitatively evaluates the expected impact of proposed regulatory limits for occupational diesel engine exhaust (DEE) exposure on the burden of lung cancer (LC) in Europe. The results show that the proposed health-based limit and regulatory limits have a significant reduction effect on the risk of lung cancer, but there are still significant additional cases of lung cancer in Europe due to DEE exposure.
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xin Zhang, Lin Zhang, Jingyuan Li, Xionghui Zou, Xiaojun Jing, Wenlin Li
Summary: In this study, the hydrocarbon compositions of two types of diesel with different distillation range indexes were analyzed, and the effects on the combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions of three diesel engines were evaluated. The results showed that diesel with lower distillation range indexes can improve volatilization performance, shorten ignition delay time, and increase combustion efficiency, leading to reduced emissions of CO2, NOx, PM, and PN.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sang -Hee Woo, Hyungjoon Jang, Seung-Bok Lee, Seokhwan Lee
Summary: Electric vehicles (EVs) still contribute non-exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions, but the emission levels depend on factors such as brake pad type and regenerative braking intensity. In certain scenarios, EVs can have lower total PM emissions compared to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs).
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Robert M. Park
Summary: Diesel exhaust has been identified as a lung carcinogen in the latter half of the 20th century. This study explores the relationship between diesel exposure and lung cancer mortality rates. The results show that lung cancer mortality rates decrease with longer employment duration, but increase with cumulative REC and non-diesel exposures, suggesting a worker survivor effect. The study estimates the excess lifetime risks of lung cancer associated with different levels of REC exposure.
Article
Environmental Sciences
David C. S. Beddows, Roy M. Harrison
Summary: This paper examines the relationship between vehicle weight and PM10 and PM2.5 emissions from electric vehicles and traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. The outcome is dependent on the use of regenerative braking in electric vehicles relative to friction braking. Overall, there will be modest changes to the total local emissions of particles from a passenger car built to current emissions standards.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Tian Li, Hai-Li Yang, Le-Tian Xu, Yu-Ting Zhou, Yong-Jun Min, Shi-Cheng Yan, Yong-Hui Zhang, Xiao-Ming Wang
Summary: Diesel vehicles in China still have a significant impact on the environment due to their exhaust emissions. Despite accounting for a small proportion of the total number of vehicles, diesel vehicles emit a large amount of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. The control of diesel vehicle pollution is a top priority in China, yet there are limited studies on comprehensive exhaust treatment. This review provides an overview of exhaust gas composition, hazards, and treatment techniques, including phytoremediation, catalytic conversion, and nanoscale TiO2 catalytic degradation.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bei Wang, Wing-Hong Or, Shun-Cheng Lee, Yiu-Cheong Leung, Bruce Organ, Kin-Fai Ho
Summary: This study found that using a biodiesel blend (B5) in diesel vehicles increased the emission of OC and total PAHs EFs, while also promoting the release of more toxic PAHs with higher molecular weight.
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Md. Nurun Nabi, Wisam K. Hussam, Hasan Mohammad Mostofa Afroz, Adib Bin Rashid, Jahidul Islam, A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut
Summary: This study investigated the engine performance and emissions of waste tire oil-diesel-biodiesel blends, finding that the maximum blending limit for waste tire pyrolysis oil was 30% in diesel fuel.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mustafa Vargun, Ilker Turgut Yilmaz, Cenk Sayin
Summary: The study found that adding clean fuels such as methanol, ethanol, and n-heptane to diesel can effectively reduce emissions, improve fuel economy, and increase maximum brake thermal efficiency. Results from using blended fuels showed a significant decrease in CO2 emissions and a reduction in HC emissions with an increase in engine load.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Gary A. Bishop
Summary: The study found that the emission cheating scandal by Volkswagen Group in 2015 resulted in the costliest violation of U.S. environmental regulations in history. Post-recall repairs led to a significant reduction in fuel specific NOx emissions for vehicles, even surpassing the emission levels of some in-use vehicles.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Luis Tipanluisa, Natalia Fonseca, Jesus Casanova, Jose-Maria Lopez
Summary: This study investigates the effects of different n-butanol/diesel fuel blends on a Euro V heavy-duty diesel engine's performance and emissions. The results show that using n-butanol can improve engine performance and reduce particulate emissions in most operating conditions, while increasing CO emissions. The study also indicates that THC emissions increase with n-butanol content, while NO2 emissions decrease.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mustafa Vargun, Ahmet Necati Ozsezen, Huseyin Bostali, Cenk Sayin
Summary: This study investigates the effects of injection start timing, pilot injection application, and boost air pressure increase on combustion and exhaust emissions. The results show that using pilot fuel injection and advanced injection timing increases the peak cylinder gas pressure, but also improves combustion noise. Additionally, the combustion reactions of alcohol/diesel fuels occur faster than pure diesel, but this can be reduced with pilot fuel injection application.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mustafa Vargun, Ahmet Necati Ozsezen
Summary: The study investigates the impact of fuel injection timing on combustion and exhaust characteristics of a diesel engine using alcohol-diesel mixtures. Engine tests with fixed control parameters show that advancing fuel injection timing improves cylinder gas pressure and heat release rate. The use of alcohol-diesel blends reduces ignition delay, combustion duration, increases knocking tendency, and decreases CO and NH3 emissions. Changes in fuel injection timing effectively reduce CO2 and NOx emissions.