Review
Engineering, Manufacturing
Dragos Axinte, Han Huang, Jiwang Yan, Zhirong Liao
Summary: Researchers have been dedicated to studying the microscopic phenomena during the material removal process and replicating machining conditions using high resolution setups. This review paper discusses recent research advancements in using in-situ micro-mechanical testing to understand the phenomena occurring in the workpiece surfaces after machining operation and study the material removal mechanisms at the micrometric level. The paper also comments on future research topics using micro-mechanical testing in high resolution imaging instruments to advance the understanding of machining processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE
(2022)
Review
Dermatology
Yasmine Oprea, Shannon Kody, Hadir Shakshouk, Teri M. Greiling, Karen M. Anstey, Alex G. Ortega-Loayza
Summary: This article reviews the reported cases of coexisting PG and primary immunodeficiency, finding that genetic variations may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of PG.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Paul M. Ryan, Joshua W. Shaevitz, Charles W. Wolgemuth
Summary: Research suggests that Spiroplasma's helix hand inversions are likely driven by bending, and the formation of plectonemes depends on the length and external viscosity of the bacteria.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Economics
Fatih Guvenen, Fatih Karahan, Serdar Ozkan, Jae Song
Summary: The study reveals that male earnings dynamics over the life cycle do not follow a lognormal distribution, showing negative skewness and very high kurtosis, with significant variations in nonnormalities across age and earnings levels. Positive changes in earnings for high-income individuals are transient, while negative changes are persistent, with the opposite pattern seen for low-income individuals. There is substantial heterogeneity in the long-run outcomes of earnings and the total number of years spent nonemployed between ages 25 and 55.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Henrike Seibel, Bjorn Bassmann, Alexander Rebl
Summary: Blood analyses in fish provide valuable information for animal welfare assessment, yet are not commonly used in research or aquaculture. Despite advancements in analytical techniques, the lack of high-throughput approaches using fish blood as a test material is surprising.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Economics
Elias Willberg, Maria Salonen, Tuuli Toivonen
Summary: Bike-sharing systems have rapidly expanded in cities worldwide, but the debate over whether they benefit a wide range of citizens continues. Studying trip data can help in planning inclusive systems. A case study of the Helsinki BSS highlights the challenges in inclusiveness despite its high usage rates.
JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Sebastien Lion, Akira Sasaki, Mike Boots
Summary: Understanding the interaction between ecological processes and evolutionary dynamics of quantitative traits in natural systems is a challenge. Two main theoretical frameworks, adaptive dynamics and quantitative genetics, have strengths and limitations and are used by different research communities. To make progress, a novel theoretical framework called 'oligomorphic dynamics' is proposed to bridge the gap between these approaches and strengthen the link to empirical data. Oligomorphic dynamics considers environmental feedback and can analyze eco-evolutionary dynamics, including multimodal trait distributions and non-normal or skewed distributions encountered in nature, facilitating a tighter integration between theory and data.
Article
Ethics
Thomas H. Lee, Senem Guney, Deirdre E. Mylod
Summary: This essay examines patient-experience data to enhance the understanding of trust in healthcare. Patients' intent to recommend providers is closely linked to their feelings of trust. Trust is built through a mutual process between patients and caregivers, where trust is formed when patients perceive their caregivers trusting their knowledge and caregivers demonstrating caring behaviors. Patients' ratings of confidence in providers have the greatest impact on the overall assessment of patient experience.
HASTINGS CENTER REPORT
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Margaret M. Mayfield, Jennifer A. Lau, Joseph A. Tobias, Anthony R. Ives, Sharon Y. Strauss
Summary: This article discusses the impact of evolutionary history on the current functioning of ecological communities. The debaters present both pro and con arguments, showing that evolutionary history can have significant or limited influence on ecological function. The article aims to provoke further discussion and identify areas for future research.
AMERICAN NATURALIST
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Priscila F. M. Lopes, Natalia Hanazaki, Elaine M. Nakamura, Svetlana Salivonchyk, Alpina Begossi
Summary: Tracking fish consumption in fishing villages in Brazil over time can provide valuable information on changes in fish stocks. The study found a decrease in average trophic level and size of consumed species, with notable changes in endangered species consumption. In data-poor countries like Brazil, incorporating seafood consumption data can complement fisheries data.
Article
Biology
Karan Pattni, Christopher E. Overton, Kieran J. Sharkey
Summary: A biologically motivated individual-based framework for evolution in network-structured populations is developed to accommodate eco-evolutionary dynamics. The framework is used to construct a network birth and death model, providing new insight into the spread of adaptive mutations in ecological dynamics.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Lixuan Cao, Bin Wu
Summary: This work focuses on a dynamic strategy updating model with payoff-dependent environmental feedback, identifying conditions for stable internal equilibria. Results indicate that sensitivity of environmental degradation rates to defector's payoffs promotes cooperation, while sensitivity of enhancement rates to cooperator's payoffs inhibits cooperation. The relative speed of environmental and strategy dynamics has a qualitative influence on the overall system dynamics.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2021)
Article
Communication
Andre K. Rodarte, Torie Hyunsik Kim, Josephine Lukito
Summary: This study examines the visual representation of the people in far-right populist discourse in Brazil. By analyzing social media imagery posted by federal deputies, the researchers found that parliamentarians played a crucial role in shaping and sustaining far-right populist narratives. The study also highlights the dilution of the voices of the people in visuals of mass demonstrations.
SOCIAL MEDIA + SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoran Li, Wanqing Hu, Yanyan Li, Ziqi Mao
Summary: Combining physiological measures with observational data is a trend in the field to capture and understand the temporal and cyclical process of social regulation. However, little attention has been given to synchronized physiological arousal episodes and their relationship with social regulation. This study aimed to explore what synchronized physiological arousal can reveal about the social regulatory process and found that it was more sensitive to socio-emotional aspects of collaboration and associated with the challenges being regulated.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Chao Wang, Tian-jiao Feng, Yan Gao, Yi Tao, Cong Li
Summary: Based on Tilman et al.'s (2020) concept of eco-evolutionary game dynamics, this study investigates the dynamical stability and ecologically evolutionarily stable strategy (eco-ESS) of a simple eco-evolutionary game dynamics with density dependence. The main findings demonstrate that the condition of eco-ESS in our model is more restrictive compared to the condition of ESS in classic evolutionary game dynamics.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Kerstin Johannesson, Erica H. Leder, Carl Andre, Sam Dupont, Susanne P. Eriksson, Karin Harding, Jonathan N. Havenhand, Marlene Jahnke, Per R. Jonsson, Charlotta Kvarnemo, Henrik Pavia, Marina Rafajlovic, Eva Marie Rodstrom, Michael Thorndyke, Anders Blomberg
Summary: The Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology (CeMEB) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, was founded in 2008 with a 10-year research grant of 8.7 million euros. Over the past decade, CeMEB has made significant contributions to scientific publications, PhD theses, and organized various meetings and courses. This article reviews CeMEB's achievements, compares the initial goals with the actual achievements, and discusses future prospects for marine evolutionary biology.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Aurelien De Jode, Alan Le Moan, Kerstin Johannesson, Rui Faria, Sean Stankowski, Anja Marie Westram, Roger K. Butlin, Marina Rafajlovic, Christelle Fraisse
Summary: Understanding population divergence and speciation is crucial for evolutionary biology. High species diversity in the sea is considered a paradox due to the lack of geographical barriers. However, combining genome-wide data with demographic modelling has provided new insights. Studies show that barriers to gene flow exist in the sea but divergence can also occur without strict isolation.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Martin Eriksson, Alexandra Kinnby, Pierre De Wit, Marina Rafajlovic
Summary: Adaptive phenotypic plasticity can improve individual response to new environmental conditions. However, interpretation of reaction norms depends on the nature of assessed traits. This study combines modeling and empirical data to show that the presence of plasticity cannot be determined solely based on reaction norms, but requires additional knowledge of assessed traits and species biology.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Matthias Vignon, Mingsha Zhou, Angus R. McIntosh, Cristian Correa, Peter A. H. Westley, Lisa Jacquin, Jacques Labonne, Andrew P. Hendry
Summary: The small population paradigm suggests that reduced genetic variation leads to limited phenotypic variation, affecting population resilience and adaptation. However, recent evidence challenges this paradigm, indicating that mechanisms independent of genetic variation may also play a role. In aquatic ecosystems, large-scale empirical examples are scarce.
BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Kotaro Kagawa, Gaku Takimoto, Ole Seehausen
Summary: Hybridization can promote ecological speciation through generating novel genetic variation and creating new mating phenotypes. This study suggests that transgressive segregation of mating traits can drive incipient hybrid speciation, with moderate continued immigration facilitating recurrent hybridization events. Recurrent hybridization leads to the rapid stochastic evolution of mating phenotypes until a novel phenotype dominates the hybrid population, resulting in reproductive isolation from parental lineages. However, excessive hybridization hinders the evolution of reproductive isolation by producing mating phenotypes allowing interbreeding with parental lineages. The study also identifies conditions for the long-term persistence of hybrid species.
Article
Ecology
Tiziana P. Gobbin, Maarten P. M. Vanhove, Renee Veenstra, Martine E. Maan, Ole Seehausen
Summary: Parasites may enhance host diversification through eco-evolutionary interactions. The role of parasites in different stages of host speciation was studied using cichlid fish in Lake Victoria. Different sympatric host species showed differences in parasite infection levels and community composition. Infection differentiation increased with genetic differentiation, but significant differences between sympatric species were only found in the oldest and most differentiated pair, suggesting that parasites may contribute to host differentiation after speciation rather than initiate it.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martin Kapun, Esra Durmaz Mitchell, Tadeusz J. Kawecki, Paul Schmidt, Thomas Flatt
Summary: Since the pioneering work of Dobzhansky in the 1930s and 1940s, multiple chromosomal inversions have been identified, but their role in adaptation is still poorly understood. In this study, the researchers investigated the population genomics of the inversion polymorphism In(3R)Payne in Drosophila melanogaster on four continents. Their results indicate that the inversion originated in sub-Saharan Africa and spread globally, with divergent evolution in non-African populations. The inversion was found to be associated with differential gene expression and higher inversion frequency in warm climates.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Winer Daniel Reyes-Corral, Sofia Carvajal-Endara, Molly Hetherington-Rauth, Jaime A. Chaves, Peter R. Grant, B. Rosemary Grant, Andrew P. Hendry, Marc T. J. Johnson
Summary: By studying the phenotypic divergence of the plant Tribulus cistoides in island and continental environments, it was found that the characteristics of island environments can influence the evolution of intraspecific traits. Results showed that Tribulus cistoides exhibits phenotypic divergence in antagonistic and mutualistic traits between island and continental habitats. This study demonstrates the potential of using a combination of herbarium and field samples for comparative studies on globally distributed species to study phenotypic divergence in island habitats.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Melanie Lindner, Jip J. C. Ramakers, Irene Verhagen, Barbara M. Tomotani, A. Christa Mateman, Phillip Gienapp, Marcel E. Visser
Summary: Global warming has caused changes in phenological traits in many species. Whether species are able to adapt to further increasing temperatures depends on the fitness consequences of additional shifts in phenological traits. A study on great tits (Parus major) with genotypes for extremely early and late egg lay dates found that females with early genotypes advanced lay dates, but not compared to nonselected females. However, fitness outcomes in terms of fledgling production were similar between females with early and late genotypes. This study suggests the presence of constraints on early lay dates.
Article
Ecology
Matthew A. Barbour
Summary: Animals often change their trophic niche during their development, which has important implications for their population dynamics and interactions with other species. It is predicted that differences in ontogenetic niche between species can affect their ability to coexist. However, there is currently a lack of empirical evidence for this coexistence mechanism and the role of evolution in shaping species' ontogenetic niches.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Giovanni Strona, Corey J. A. Bradshaw, Pedro L. Cardoso, Nicholas Gotelli, Frederic L. Guillaume, Federica Manca, Ville L. Mustonen, Luis Zaman
Summary: By conducting simulated experiments, we found that the thawing of permafrost and the potential 'lab leak' of ancient microorganisms pose risks of biological invasions for modern ecological communities. In most cases, invading pathogens had negligible effects on the invaded community, but in a few cases, they caused substantial losses or gains in species richness.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chongmeng Xu, Yasuhiro Sato, Misako Yamazaki, Marcel Brasser, Matthew A. Barbour, Jordi Bascompte, Kentaro K. Shimizu
Summary: Plant life-history traits, such as size and flowering, influence herbivore abundance. This study conducted a GWAS on aphid abundance in Arabidopsis thaliana and found a rare variant on the third chromosome associated with aphid abundance and inflorescence presence. The candidate gene near this variant was found to affect plant growth and flowering, affecting aphid establishment.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Marvin Moosmann, Cameron M. Hudson, Ole Seehausen, Blake Matthews
Summary: Lineages with independent evolutionary histories often differ in both their morphology and diet, but the reasons for dietary divergence are not well understood. This study explores the phenotypic causes of dietary divergence between two divergent lineages of threespine stickleback using common-garden experiments and analyses of foraging traits. The results suggest that dietary divergence arises from differences in both morphology and behaviors related to prey capture success.
Correction
Evolutionary Biology
Pierre De Wit, Ellika Faust, Leon Green, Marlene Jahnke, Ricardo T. Pereyra, Marina Rafajlovic
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
David Frei, Salome Mwaiko, Ole Seehausen, Philine G. D. Feulner
Summary: Genomic diversity is associated with the adaptive potential and extinction risk of a species during environmental change. A study on Alpine whitefish radiation found that genomic diversity decreased during a period of anthropogenic disturbance and has not yet recovered. The erosion of genomic variation and loss of potentially adaptive genomic differentiation highlights the sensitivity of biodiversity in young adaptive radiations to environmental disturbance.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2023)
