Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Esmee J. Grobbee, Pieter Ha Wisse, Eline H. Schreuders, Aafke van Roon, Leonie van Dam, Ann G. Zauber, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Wichor Bramer, Sarah Berhane, Jonathan J. Deeks, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Monique E. van Leerdam, Manon Cw Spaander, Ernst J. Kuipers
Summary: FIT is superior to gFOBT in detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia and colorectal cancer in average-risk individuals. The specificity of both tests was similar, while the sensitivity of FIT was significantly higher than gFOBT at pre-specified specificities.
COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Noel Pin-Vieito, Manuel Puga, Daniel Fernandez-de-Castro, Joaquin Cubiella
Summary: FIT is widely used as a biomarker for colorectal cancer diagnosis and plays a crucial role in screening and surveillance. This review summarizes the diagnostic efficacy of FIT in symptomatic patients and post-adenoma resection, as well as discusses the potential impact of FIT strategies on healthcare resources and CRC prognosis.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Eunyoung Lee, Gil Ho Lee, Bumhee Park, Sung Soo Ahn, Choong-Kyun Noh
Summary: This study investigated the association between abnormal FIT results and the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The results indicated that a positive FIT result was associated with a higher risk of IBD. These findings suggest that abnormal FIT results could be a preceding sign of incident IBD in the general population, and regular screening for early disease detection might be beneficial for individuals with positive FIT results and suspected IBD symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manuel Zorzi, Jessica Battagello, Kevin Selby, Giulia Capodaglio, Susanna Baracco, Silvia Rizzato, Enrico Chinellato, Stefano Guzzinati, Massimo Rugge
Summary: A study conducted in the Veneto region of Italy found that the risk of colorectal cancer mortality is significantly higher among individuals who do not undergo colonoscopy after a positive FIT result, highlighting the importance of increasing compliance in this high-risk population.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Miriam P. van der Meulen, Esther Toes-Zoutendijk, Manon C. W. Spaander, Evelien Dekker, Johannes M. G. Bonfrer, Anneke J. van Vuuren, Ernst J. Kuipers, Folkert J. van Kemenade, M. F. van Velthuysen, Maarten G. J. Thomeer, Harriet van Veldhuizen, Harry J. de Koning, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Monique E. van Leerdam
Summary: The participation rate in FIT screening is lower for individuals with a lower socioeconomic status (SES), but they have a higher detection rate for advanced neoplasia. Screening has the potential to reduce health inequalities in CRC mortality.
Article
Oncology
Peng Jin, Peng You, Jingyuan Fang, Qian Kang, Fang Gu, Yunlong Cai, Huihong Zhai, Bangmao Wang, Yanqing Li, Junfeng Xu, Jiheng Wang, Yuqi He, Yang Wang, Min Dai, Jianqiu Sheng
Summary: There was no significant advantage of the two stool DNA tests compared with FIT in detecting colorectal cancer or advanced neoplasms (AN) in this study.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Johanna Wangmar, Yvonne Wengstrom, Anna Jervaeus, Kaisa Fritzell
Summary: The acceptability of colorectal cancer screening procedures is crucial for the success of screening programs. This study explored how individuals experience CRC screening, finding that experiences vary from having no worries to experiencing bothersome emotions, logistical concerns, inconsistent information, and unmet expectations. Improving patient experiences may involve using one-sample FITs, optimizing bowel preparation for colonoscopies, and delivering clear information and emotional support at the right time.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Sally C. Benton, Carolyn Piggott, Zahida Zahoor, Shane O'Driscoll, Callum G. Fraser, Nigel D'Souza, Michelle Chen, Theo Georgiou Delisle, Muti Abulafi
Summary: This study assessed the comparability of faecal haemoglobin concentrations obtained with four quantitative FIT systems at different thresholds. The results showed differences between systems at lower thresholds, highlighting the need for further understanding of their clinical impact and efforts to minimize these differences.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gavin Clark, Judith A. Strachan, Frank A. Carey, Thomas Godfrey, Audrey Irvine, Alisson McPherson, Jess Brand, Annie S. Anderson, Callum G. Fraser, Robert J. C. Steele
Summary: The transition from FOBT to FIT screening resulted in higher uptake and positivity rates, with a lower PPV for CRC but a higher PPV for adenomas. The FIT pilot evaluation underestimated uptake and positivity rates, leading to a significant increase in colonoscopy demand.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Subashini Chandrapalan, Siew Wan Hee, Monika M. Widlak, Alexia Farrugia, Mohammed T. Alam, Steve Smith, Ramesh P. Arasaradnam
Summary: The study evaluated the performance of FIT in detecting colorectal neoplasms, finding it to be a good rule-out test at lower thresholds. The results showed that PPI therapy did not have a significant effect on the diagnostic performance of FIT.
COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Anton Gies, Tobias Niedermaier, Elizabeth Alwers, Thomas Hielscher, Korbinian Weigl, Thomas Heisser, Petra Schrotz-King, Michael Hoffmeister, Hermann Brenner
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of nine fecal immunochemical tests in screening colonoscopy participants, with differences in diagnostic performance observed by sex and age. Females consistently showed lower sensitivities and higher specificities than males, with higher negative predictive values. A negative FIT was found to be less reliable in ruling out AN among men and older participants than among women and younger participants.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hirotaka Shimizu, Ryo Ebana, Takahiro Kudo, Takuro Sato, Tomoko Hara, Kenji Hosoi, Masaaki Usami, Masashi Yoshida, Ichiro Takeuchi, Hiroshi Nakase, Itaru Iwama, Katsuhiro Arai, Toshiaki Shimizu
Summary: Fecal calprotectin (FCP) and fecal immunochemical test (FIT) correlate well with endoscopic activity in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and FCP is a superior marker for predicting mucosal healing (MH).
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Arnau Vich Vila, Shixian Hu, Sergio Andreu-Sanchez, Valerie Collij, Bernadien H. Jansen, Hannah E. Augustijn, Laura A. Bolte, Renate A. A. A. Ruigrok, Galeb Abu-Ali, Cosmas Giallourakis, Jessica Schneider, John Parkinson, Amal Al-Garawi, Alexandra Zhernakova, Ranko Gacesa, Jingyuan Fu, Rinse K. Weersma
Summary: By analyzing the metabolites in fecal samples of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and non-IBD controls, along with fecal metagenomics, host genetics, and clinical characteristics, we aimed to reveal metabolic alterations in IBD. The study identified over 300 molecules that were differentially abundant in the feces of patients with IBD, and a specific ratio between a sphingolipid and L-urobilin could distinguish between IBD and non-IBD samples. Additionally, strong associations were found between gut microbiota and fecal metabolome, paving the way for future interventions targeting intestinal inflammation.
Review
Oncology
Jakub Switalski, Tomasz Tatara, Katarzyna Wnuk, Wojciech Miazga, Dagmara Karauda, Adrian Matera, Magdalena Jablonska, Sylwia Jopek, Urszula Religioni, Mariusz Gujski
Summary: Colorectal cancer is a common neoplasm that greatly impacts quality of life and mortality. The FIT (faecal immunochemical test) is a promising and increasingly used screening method, and this umbrella review confirms its high usefulness in early detection of CRC.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Matthew T. Keys, Miquel Serra-Burriel, Natalia Martinez-Lizaga, Maria Pellise, Francesc Balaguer, Ariadna Sanchez, Enrique Bernal-Delgado, Antoni Castells
Summary: The study found that FIT-based organized colorectal cancer screening in Spain was associated with a reduction in population colorectal cancer mortality. No differences in outcome trends were observed between exposed and control provinces in the 7 years prior to screening implementation. Two years after implementation, exposed provinces experienced an increase in colorectal cancer incidence, followed by a decrease in mortality rates after 7 years.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Debbie Cavers, Mia Nelson, Jasmin Rostron, Kathryn A. Robb, Lynsey R. Brown, Christine Campbell, Ahsan R. Akram, Graeme Dickie, Melanie Mackean, Edwin J. R. van Beek, Frank Sullivan, Robert J. Steele, Aileen R. Neilson, David Weller
Summary: Targeted lung cancer screening is proven effective in reducing lung cancer and all-cause mortality. This study explored the views of residents in urban and rural Scotland on lung screening and identified potential barriers and facilitators to participation. The findings can inform the development of future studies on the feasibility and acceptability of lung screening.
HEALTH EXPECTATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marie Kotzur, Sara Macdonald, Ronan E. O'Carroll, Rory C. O'Connor, Audrey Irvine, Robert J. C. Steele, Kathryn A. Robb
Summary: This study identified barriers and solutions to colorectal screening using faecal immunochemical tests (FITs) through a questionnaire survey. Participants who had not completed a FIT reported more barriers, while those who had completed a FIT provided more solutions. However, participants agreed on the most common barriers and solutions regardless of their screening history.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Gavin R. C. Clark, Robert J. C. Steele, Callum G. Fraser
Summary: This study aims to compare the proportions of interval cancers in different colorectal cancer screening programs and evaluate whether the pilot provides data that is reflected in the subsequent program.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lasse Kaalby, Ulrik Deding, Issam Al-Najami, Gabriele Berg-Beckhoff, Thomas Bjorsum-Meyer, Tinne Laurberg, Aasma Shaukat, Robert J. C. Steele, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Morten Rasmussen, Morten Kobaek-Larsen, Gunnar Baatrup
Summary: New research suggests that faecal haemoglobin concentration (f-Hb) can indicate the presence of serious diseases not related to colorectal cancer (CRC). This study found an association between increasing f-Hb and the risk of mortality, as well as an increased risk of dying from respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and other cancers. f-Hb may be a potential biomarker for non-CRC diseases.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dwi Delson, Mark Ward, Rosemary Haddock, Jennifer Nobes, Jayne Digby, Judith A. Strachan, Craig Mowat
Summary: FIT-based triage in primary care is associated with increased non-emergency presentation of CRC but did not influence stage at diagnosis, according to the study.
COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Annie S. Anderson, Claire Donaghy, Ross Lamb, Robert J. C. Steele, Susan Moug
Summary: The BeWEL trial showed that a significant proportion of colorectal adenoma patients are interested in lifestyle interventions and achieved clinically relevant weight loss at 12-month follow-up. However, replicating the program in a non-research setting was found to be less feasible, and alternative approaches should be explored.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Zhigang Liu, Kaixing Le, Xin Zhou, James L. Alexander, Simeng Lin, Claire Bewshea, Neil Chanchlani, Rachel Nice, Timothy J. McDonald, Christopher A. Lamb, Shaji Sebastian, Klaartje Kok, Charlie W. Lees, Ailsa L. Hart, Richard C. Pollok, Rosemary J. Boyton, Daniel M. Altmann, Katrina M. Pollock, James R. Goodhand, Nicholas A. Kennedy, Tariq Ahmad, Nick Powell, C. L. A. R. I. T. Y. study investigators CLARITY Study Investigators
Summary: This study aimed to determine the impact of the anti-TNF drug infliximab and the anti-integrin drug vedolizumab on vaccine-induced neutralising antibodies against the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that patients treated with infliximab had significantly lower antibody levels after three doses of vaccine compared to those treated with vedolizumab, and they also had a higher risk of breakthrough infection.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Ulrik Deding, Lasse Kaalby, Robert Steele, Issam Al-Najami, Morten Kobaek-Larsen, Eva Plantener, Jeppe B. Madsen, Jonna S. Madsen, Thomas Bjorsum-Meyer, Gunnar Baatrup
Summary: Population-based screening for colorectal cancer using FIT is recommended. Detectable faecal haemoglobin can indicate colorectal neoplasia as well as other conditions. A positive FIT predicts an increased risk of death from colorectal cancer but might also predict an increased risk of all-cause mortality.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gavin R. C. Clark, Callum G. Fraser, Judith A. Strachan, Robert J. C. Steele
Summary: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using faecal tests reduces disease-specific mortality. This study examined mortality rates and its association with sex before and after CRC screening in Scotland. The results showed that CRC mortality declined from 1990 to 2020, but the decline differed between sexes, indicating a larger beneficial effect of screening on CRC mortality in men compared to women.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jayne Digby, Callum G. Fraser, Gavin Clark, Craig Mowat, Judith A. Strachan, Robert J. C. Steele
Summary: This study aimed to develop a risk-scoring model for colorectal cancer using data from the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme. Only faecal haemoglobin concentration and age showed a significant association with colorectal cancer. By tailoring the threshold for faecal haemoglobin concentration according to age, the disparity in interval cancer proportion between women and men could be reduced.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCREENING
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Robert S. Bresalier, Carlo Senore, Graeme P. Young, James Allison, Robert Benamouzig, Sally Benton, Patrick M. M. Bossuyt, Luis Caro, Beatriz Carvalho, Han-Mo Chiu, Veerle M. H. Coupe, Willemijn de Klaver, Clasine Maria de Klerk, Evelien Dekker, Sunil Dolwani, Callum G. Fraser, William Grady, Lydia Guittet, Samir Gupta, Stephen P. Halloran, Ulrike Haug, Geir Hoff, Steven Itzkowitz, Tim Kortlever, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Uri Ladabaum, Beatrice Lauby-Secretan, Marcis Leja, Bernard Levin, Theodore Robert Levin, Finlay Macrae, Gerrit A. Meijer, Joshua Melson, Colm O'Morain, Susan Parry, Linda Rabeneck, David F. Ransohoff, Roque Saenz, Hiroshi Saito, Silvia Sanduleanu-Dascalescu, Robert E. Schoen, Kevin Selby, Harminder Singh, Robert J. C. Steele, Joseph J. Y. Sung, Erin Leigh Symonds, Sidney J. Winawer
Summary: New non-invasive tests for colorectal cancer (CRC) are emerging, making it challenging to conduct trials with mortality reduction as the main goal. A formal consensus approach involving experts resulted in the revision of previously established principles and the emergence of twelve new principles. The effectiveness of a new test can be evaluated by comparing it with an established non-invasive test, with the faecal immunochemical test considered as the appropriate comparator. Flexible adjustment of the new test's positivity threshold is desirable to meet different screening goals and requirements. A four-phased approach is proposed for the evaluation of new tests, including small studies, prospective estimation of accuracy, evaluation in screening populations, and monitoring for missed lesions.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gavin R. C. Clark, Thomas Godfrey, Calum Purdie, Judith Strachan, Francis A. Carey, Callum G. Fraser, Robert J. C. Steele
Summary: This study compared the interval cancer proportions between the FIT-based Scottish Bowel Screening Programme and the former gFOBT-based program, and investigated the associations between interval cancer and factors such as faecal haemoglobin concentration, sex, age, deprivation, site, and stage. The results showed that FIT had a higher proportion of screen detected cancers compared to interval cancers, and women had a higher proportion of interval cancers than men. Lowering the faecal haemoglobin threshold could reduce the number of interval cancers, but additional colonoscopy would be required.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCREENING
(2023)
Review
Respiratory System
Debbie Cavers, Mia Nelson, Jasmin Rostron, Kathryn A. Robb, Lynsey R. Brown, Christine Campbell, Ahsan R. Akram, Graeme Dickie, Melanie Mackean, Edwin J. R. van Beek, Frank Sullivan, Robert J. Steele, Aileen R. Neilson, David Weller
Summary: Understanding patient-reported barriers and facilitators to lung screening can inform the development of future screening programs and ensure equitable uptake. This study reviewed existing literature to identify factors influencing lung screening and found that low awareness and fear of cancer diagnosis were barriers, while enthusiasm, health consciousness, and provider endorsement were facilitators.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Louisa Flander, Evelien Dekker, Berit Andersen, Mette Bach Larsen, Robert J. Steele, Nea Malila, Tytti Sarkeala, Manon van der Vlugt, Clasine de Klerk, Bart Knottnerus, Lucinda Bertels, Anke Woudstra, Manon C. W. Spaander, Mirjam Fransen, Sirpa Heinavaara, Mary Dillon, Driss Ait Ouakrim, Mark Jenkins
Summary: The participation rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in Australia is low. Through comparing national bowel cancer screening programs, we found that countries such as the Netherlands, Scotland, Denmark, and Finland have higher participation rates. These programs share common characteristics such as smaller populations, higher literacy rates, one-sample iFOBT kits, national registration systems, and research on program features.