Review
Cell Biology
Kathryn M. Brewer, Katlyn K. Brewer, Nicholas C. Richardson, Nicolas F. Berbari
Summary: A subset of genetic disorders, known as ciliopathies, are associated with obesity. The mechanisms behind cilia dysfunction and altered energy homeostasis in these syndromes are complex and involve deficits in both development and adult homeostasis. Mutations in cilia-associated genes can also lead to morbid obesity. Cilia play critical roles in energy homeostasis, including food intake regulation, and their dysfunction is linked to obesity.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jingyi Zhang, Sujuan Li, Xiaoping Luo, Cai Zhang
Summary: Maternal obesity has a significant impact on the metabolism of offspring, both in childhood and adulthood, through intrauterine metabolic programming. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating energy metabolism in offspring exposed to maternal obesity. This article reviews the development of the hypothalamus, its role in energy homeostasis, potential mechanisms underlying the developmental programming of energy metabolism, and possible therapeutic approaches for preventing metabolic diseases in later life. Challenges and future directions of hypothalamic regulation in children born to obese mothers are also discussed.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jerod M. Rasmussen, Paul M. Thompson, Sonja Entringer, Claudia Buss, Pathik D. Wadhwa
Summary: This paper presents a transdisciplinary framework and testable hypotheses on fetal programming of energy homeostasis brain circuitry, highlighting the functional aspects of these brain circuits at birth as determinants of childhood obesity risk. The brain circuitry is influenced by intrauterine conditions and exhibits developmental plasticity, with implications for strategies aimed at preventing childhood obesity.
Review
Cell Biology
Christina Doxaki, Konstantinos Palikaras
Summary: Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis in neurons, particularly through impaired mitophagy, can lead to neurodegenerative disorders, while excessive mitophagy may reduce mitochondrial content and ultimately trigger neuronal cell death.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lanlan Jia, Zhengli Chen, Ting Pan, Yu Xia, Junbo He, Asad Jahangir, Xiaoli Wei, Wentao Liu, Riyi Shi, Chao Huang, Qihui Luo
Summary: The study shows that TRIM67 in the hypothalamus responds to body-energy homeostasis and a deficiency of TRIM67 exacerbates metabolic disorders in obese mice induced by high-fat diet. Neuroinflammation and apoptosis were found in the hypothalamus of obese TRIM67 KO mice. Reduced BDNF in the hypothalamus affects sympathetic nervous system innervation and contributes to lipid accumulation under high-fat diet exposure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lena Sonnefeld, Nathalie Rohmann, Corinna Geisler, Matthias Laudes
Summary: Obesity is a global health problem caused by lack of exercise, overnutrition, and consumption of fat-rich foods. It is now recognized that obesity is a metabolic inflammatory disease, with the hypothalamus playing a significant role in regulating energy homeostasis. Hypothalamic inflammation impairs the regulation of energy balance and leads to weight gain, and it is triggered by the consumption of a high-fat diet and the release of pro-inflammatory compounds.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Xiaohe Luo, Marianne Lauwers, Paul G. Layer, Chunyi Wen
Summary: Acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that degrades acetylcholine, plays a crucial role in cholinergic regulation by terminating its action. It is not only present in brain and nerve tissues but also in non-neuronal tissues like the immune system and bone tissue. Understanding the non-neuronal roles of AChE in bone development, homeostasis, and degeneration could provide insights for potential therapeutic strategies for bone diseases like osteoporosis.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mona C. Loffler, Matthias J. Betz, Denis P. Blondin, Robert Augustin, Anand K. Sharma, Yu-Hua Tseng, Camilla Scheele, Heike Zimdahl, Michael Mark, Anita M. Hennige, Christian Wolfrum, Wolfgang Langhans, Bradford S. Hamilton, Heike Neubauer
Summary: Researchers emphasize the importance of understanding the components surrounding energy expenditure and developing customized approaches based on individual genetics, biomarkers, or physical characteristics for future anti-obesity treatments. Further comprehensive investigations are necessary, especially because the complex nature of the human perspective remains poorly understood.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lupe Furtado-Alle, Luciane Tureck, Carolina S. de Oliveira, Joao V. M. Hortega, Ricardo L. R. Souza
Summary: Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is an enzyme found primarily in the liver, plasma, and brain, and it has been recognized for its role in the hydrolysis of choline esters. Recent studies have shown its involvement in lipid metabolism, suggesting it plays a crucial role in maintaining lipid homeostasis. However, the relationship between external factors and BChE activity in lipid metabolic pathways is still complex and requires further investigation.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Taylor M. Martinez, Rachel K. Meyer, Frank A. Duca
Summary: The consumption of a Western diet low in dietary fiber contributes to obesity, while increasing fiber supplementation can have beneficial effects on metabolic homeostasis, including weight loss and reduced adiposity. Different plant-based fibers play a significant role in alleviating obesity-related health issues by targeting and utilizing the properties of the gut microbiome.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Akari Nishida, Yuna Ando, Ikuo Kimura, Junki Miyamoto
Summary: This article reviews the association between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy homeostasis, with a focus on the risks of obesity and metabolic disorders and the impact of gut microbiota on host energy balance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Clarissa M. Liu, Mai O. Spaulding, Jessica J. Rea, Emily E. Noble, Scott E. Kanoski
Summary: Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus, reduces food intake and holds potential for obesity treatment. Research in rodent models suggests that oxytocin reduces food intake by enhancing physiological satiation signals within meals.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Fosch, Sebastian Zagmutt, Nuria Casals, Rosalia Rodriguez-Rodriguez
Summary: SF1 neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus play a crucial role in sensing glucose levels and mediating insulin and leptin signaling, as well as in energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis, particularly in the early stages of obesity. While studies have provided insight into the central role of these neurons in whole-body energy homeostasis, they have also raised new questions regarding the existence of neuronal sub-populations and the complexity of neurocircuitry.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yuanjin Zhang, Lei Zhang, Peipei Xu, Xuan Qin, Peili Wang, Yi Cheng, Bingyi Yao, Xin Wang
Summary: This study demonstrates that the deletion of the Cyp2e1 gene can prevent obesity, fatty liver, and insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet. Mechanistically, Cyp2e1 deficiency increases the expression of thermogenic genes in BAT and SAT, and promotes fatty acid metabolism in the liver and BAT. Additionally, a CYP2E1 inhibitor can also prevent obesity induced by a high-fat diet in normal rats.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Edoardo Vergani, Carmine Bruno, Clelia Cipolla, Diego Curro, Antonio Mancini
Summary: Plasma levels of neudesin are significantly higher in obese and overweight children and positively correlated with blood glucose and glucose AUC. These preliminary findings suggest a possible age-related role of neudesin in glucose homeostasis in obese and overweight children.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Toxicology
Donna L. Mendrick, Anna Mae Diehl, Lisa S. Topor, Rodney R. Dietert, Yvonne Will, Michele A. La Merrill, Sebastien Bouret, Vijayalaskshmi Varma, Kenneth L. Hastings, Thaddeus T. Schug, Susan G. Emeigh Hart, Florence G. Burlesona
TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2018)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Thomas A. Lutz, Bernd Coester, Lynda Whiting, Ambrose A. Dunn-Meynell, Christina N. Boyle, Sebastien G. Bouret, Barry E. Levin, Christelle Le Foll
Article
Cell Biology
Elena G. Bochukova, Katherine Lawler, Sophie Croizier, Julia M. Keogh, Nisha Patel, Garth Strohbehn, Kitty K. Lo, Jack Humphrey, Anita Hokken-Koelega, Layla Damen, Stephany Donze, Sebastien G. Bouret, Vincent Plagnol, I. Sadaf Farooqi
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Christina Neuner Boyle, Thomas Alexander Lutz, Christelle Le Foll
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2018)
Article
Physiology
Sonya Duffy, Thomas A. Lutz, Christina N. Boyle
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Physiology
Seraina S. Senn, Christelle Le Foll, Lynda Whiting, Erika Tarasco, Sonya Duffy, Thomas A. Lutz, Christina Neuner Boyle
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Erika Tarasco, Christina N. Boyle, Giovanni Pellegrini, Myrtha Arnold, Regula Steiner, Thorsten Hornemann, Dimitris Nasias, Dimitris Kardassis, Lynda Whiting, Thomas A. Lutz
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2019)
Review
Neurosciences
Christina N. Boyle, Christelle Le Foll
Article
Neurosciences
Bernd Coester, Sydney W. Pence, Soraya Arrigoni, Christina N. Boyle, Christelle Le Foll, Thomas A. Lutz
Article
Immunology
Elisa S. Roesti, Christina N. Boyle, Daniel T. Zeman, Marcos Sande-Melon, Federico Storni, Gustavo Cabral-Miranda, Alexander Knuth, Thomas A. Lutz, Monique Vogel, Martin F. Bachmann
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Simone Carneiro-Nascimento, Jolanta Opacka-Juffry, Adele Costabile, Christina N. Boyle, Adrienne Mueller Herde, Simon M. Ametamey, Hannes Sigrist, Christopher R. Pryce, Michael Patterson
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Miriam Honegger, Thomas A. Lutz, Christina N. Boyle
Summary: The ability of amylin to inhibit food intake is reduced under hypoglycemic conditions, possibly due to the co-sensitivity of AP neurons to amylin and glucose. Amylin can also buffer meal-induced glucose appearance at EU and HYPO levels.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amalia Ruiz-Serrano, Christina N. Boyle, Josep M. Monne Rodriguez, Julia Guenter, Agnieszka E. Jucht, Svende Pfundstein, Andreas M. Bapst, Thomas A. Lutz, Roland H. Wenger, Carsten C. Scholz
Summary: Dysregulated energy metabolism is a major cause of various diseases. OTUB1 plays an important regulatory role in energy metabolism. Deletion of OTUB1 in mice leads to increased energy expenditure and improved glucose metabolism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Christina N. Boyle, Yi Zheng, Thomas A. Lutz
Summary: Amylin, a pancreatic beta-cell hormone, plays important physiological roles in metabolic control, such as regulating satiation, gastric emptying, and glucagon secretion. Amylin analogs have emerged as promising approaches for obesity and diabetes treatment.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)