Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gangaraju Divyashri, Bindu Sadanandan, Kotamballi N. Chidambara Murthy, Kalidas Shetty, Kumari Mamta
Summary: Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) have the potential to act as prebiotics for neuroprotection by reducing oxidative damage through neutralizing free radicals. Some NDOs show promise for neuroprotective and neuromodulating effects, positively influencing overall health through various mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yang Cai, Gert Folkerts, Saskia Braber
Summary: This review highlights the potential of non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) as novel interventions against respiratory infections. NDOs can effectively inhibit attachment and colonization of pathogens, promote gut microbiota balance, interfere with signaling pathways, and exhibit bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects. Understanding the anti-infective mechanisms of NDOs may lead to the development of alternative therapies to antimicrobials.
Review
Food Science & Technology
G. Divyashri, Pothiyappan Karthik, T. P. Krishna Murthy, Dey Priyadarshini, Kakarla Raghava Reddy, Anjanapura V. Raghu, Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan
Summary: Diverse populations globally suffer from obesity, and both environmental and genetic factors are potentially associated with obesity development. Prebiotic NDOs have shown potential as a therapeutic solution for obesity by stimulating beneficial microorganisms, reducing pathogenic microorganisms, and improving lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. This review highlights the benefits of incorporating these prebiotic NDOs in obesity treatment beyond the colon, based on established scientific research.
FOOD SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
S. Sharif, P. T. Heath, S. J. Oddie, W. McGuire
Summary: The study aims to evaluate the effect of enteral supplementation with synbiotics versus placebo or no treatment, or versus probiotics or prebiotics alone on the risk of necrotising enterocolitis and associated morbidity and mortality in very preterm or very low birth weight infants.
COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Eleni Mavrogeni, Mostafa Asadpoor, Paul A. J. Henricks, Ali Keshavarzian, Gert Folkerts, Saskia Braber
Summary: The epithelial monolayer plays a crucial role in mucosal barrier function, and tight junction (TJ) complexes are the main gate-keepers that seal the space between adjacent epithelial cells. Dysfunctional TJs can lead to increased permeation of pro-inflammatory substances into the circulation, causing local and systemic inflammatory responses and contributing to chronic inflammatory disorders. Increased gut leakiness is associated with conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's. Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) have been shown to promote barrier function by directly regulating TJs through various pathways, providing numerous health benefits through their interactions with the microbiota and immune cells.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Atul Rajkumar Chavan, Ashish Kumar Singh, Rakesh Kumar Gupta, Suraj Prabhakarrao Nakhate, Bhagyashri Jagdishprasad Poddar, Vaibhav Vilasrao Gujar, Hemant J. Purohit, Anshuman Arun Khardenavis
Summary: Prebiotics, as a dietary nutrient, can play a critical role in structuring the composition and function of gut microbiota. This article summarizes the current knowledge on prebiotics, including their production, characterization, purification, and their potential applications in health management. Furthermore, it discusses the recent developments in genomic tools for understanding gut microorganisms and their metabolic pathways.
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
R. A. Rastall, M. Diez-Municio, S. D. Forssten, B. Hamaker, A. Meynier, F. Javier Moreno, F. Respondek, B. Stah, K. Venema, M. Wiese
Summary: Carbohydrates are one of the essential nutrients in human diet. Digestible carbohydrates provide energy, while non-digestible carbohydrates have an impact on gut microbiota and human physiological systems.
BENEFICIAL MICROBES
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ines Calvete-Torre, Carlos Sabater, Susana Delgado, Patricia Ruas-Madiedo, Alicia Ruperez-Garcia, Antonia Montilla, F. Javier Moreno, Abelardo Margolles, Lorena Ruiz
Summary: Arabinoxylan (AX) and arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) are prebiotics that promote beneficial species in the human gut, such as bifidobacteria. Bifidobacterium longum and B. longum subsp. longum have the highest capability to metabolize complex AX substrates, while B. longum subsp. infantis also possesses some machinery related to AXOS metabolization. A differential carbohydrate free medium (CFM) supplemented with AX and AXOS was developed to selectively isolate novel probiotic bifidobacteria that can metabolize structurally complex AX-derived prebiotics.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Patricia F. Avila, Allan H. F. de Mello, Marcus B. S. Forte, Fatima A. de Almeida Costa, Rosana Goldbeck
Summary: Functional oligosaccharides, including cello-oligosaccharides (COS) and xylooligosaccharides (XOS), have health benefits as fibers and prebiotics. These oligosaccharides are obtained from xylan and cellulose, and can be found in lignocellulosic materials. The fractionation process using NF membranes was studied to investigate its impact on the prebiotic activity of these oligosaccharides.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Miao Miao, Yuqin Shi, Yanxiao Li, Zhengqiang Jiang, Jun Liu, Shaoqing Yang
Summary: The study examined the digestibility and prebiotic potential of galactomannan oligosaccharides prepared from Cassia seed gum (CMOS). CMOS showed tolerance against simulated gastrointestinal digestion and promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria while inhibiting harmful bacteria during in vitro human fecal fermentation. Short chain fatty acids, specifically acetic acid and propionic acid, were the predominant metabolites. Enzymatic hydrolysis played a key role in the utilization of CMOS with DP = 3 and 4.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hoang S. H. Nguyen, Malte Kaspereit, Tuomo Sainio
Summary: An integrated reactor-separator system was studied for the depolymerization of oat beta-glucan polysaccharide, aiming to produce oligosaccharides within a specific degree of polymerization range. Intermittent operation of the reactor led to higher yield and product purity compared to batch reactors. The experiments and simulations introduced dimensionless operating parameters and design considerations for analyzing performance of intermittent reactor-separators.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Mostafa Asadpoor, Georgia-Nefeli Ithakisiou, Paul A. J. Henricks, Roland Pieters, Gert Folkerts, Saskia Braber
Summary: Enterotoxin-producing bacteria disrupt gut homeostasis by secreting enterotoxins, but non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) can inhibit the pathogenicity of these bacteria and reduce the cytotoxicity of enterotoxins, potentially serving as effective agents against enterotoxins.
Article
Polymer Science
Tianyu Fu, Luning Zhou, Zhiliang Fu, Bin Zhang, Quancai Li, Lin Pan, Chen Zhou, Qing Zhao, Qingsen Shang, Guangli Yu
Summary: The human gut microbiota has an enterotype-specific effect on the fermentation outcomes of marine algae oligosaccharides. Microbiota with a Bacteroides enterotype are more proficient at fermenting carrageenan oligosaccharides (KOS) compared to those with a Prevotella enterotype and an Escherichia enterotype.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Humeyra Ispirli, Michael J. Bowman, Christopher D. Skory, Enes Dertli
Summary: This study characterized raffinose-derived oligosaccharides produced by glucansucrase E81, showing their potential prebiotic activity, particularly in promoting the growth of Bifidobacteria, and their resistance to digestion in human gastric fluid and α-amylase tests.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Megan C. Y. Ooi, Xiaojie Zhang, Christopher M. Beaudry, Juyun Lim, Michael H. Penner
Summary: The study focuses on developing economical approaches for the preparation and characterization of prebiotic oligosaccharides with different compositions and degrees of polymerization (DP). Food-grade fructooligosaccharides of DP 3 and 4, galactooligosaccharides of DP 3 and 4, and xylooligosaccharides of DP 2-4 were successfully prepared through chromatographic fractionation. Methods for assessing the purity, identity, total carbohydrate content, moles per unit mass, and DP of the oligosaccharides were also presented.
Article
Pediatrics
Joshua S. O'Connell, Carol Lee, Nassim Farhat, Lina Antounians, Augusto Zani, Bo Li, Agostino Pierro
Summary: The study found that administration of human AFSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) can reduce intestinal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) injury and inflammation, while increasing stem cell expression and cellular proliferation.
PEDIATRIC SURGERY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Lina Antounians, Vincenzo D. Catania, Louise Montalva, Benjamin D. Liu, Huayun Hou, Cadia Chan, Andreea C. Matei, Areti Tzanetakis, Bo Li, Rebeca L. Figueira, Karina M. da Costa, Amy P. Wong, Robert Mitchell, Anna L. David, Ketan Patel, Paolo De Coppi, Lourenco Sbragia, Michael D. Wilson, Janet Rossant, Augusto Zani
Summary: Fetal lung underdevelopment, also known as pulmonary hypoplasia, is characterized by decreased lung growth and maturation, with congenital diaphragmatic hernia being the most common birth defect associated with it. Despite the lack of effective treatment options, a stem cell-based approach involving the administration of extracellular vesicles derived from amniotic fluid stem cells has shown promise in enhancing fetal lung development in rodent models. These vesicles can promote branching morphogenesis and alveolarization, potentially offering a regenerative solution for underdeveloped fetal lungs.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mohamed Karim Maghraby, Bo Li, Lijun Chi, Catriona Ling, Abderrahim Benmoussa, Patrick Provost, Andrea C. Postmus, Abdirahman Abdi, Agostino Pierro, Celine Bourdon, Robert H. J. Bandsma
Summary: The study revealed that EVs enriched from milk have the potential to improve intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by malnutrition and enhance cellular proliferation and intestinal structure restoration.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Ethan Lau, Carol Lee, Bo Li, Agostino Pierro
Summary: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic organelle with functions in protein synthesis, lipid synthesis, and calcium metabolism. Accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen leads to ER stress, implicated in intestinal inflammatory diseases. This review focuses on the role of ER stress in acute intestinal epithelial injuries like necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), discussing the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions.
PEDIATRIC SURGERY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Richard Y. Wu, Bo Li, Rachael G. Horne, Abdalla Ahmed, Dorothy Lee, Shaiya C. Robinson, Haitao Zhu, Marissa Cadete, Mashriq Alganabi, Rachel Filler, Kathene C. Johnson-Henry, Paul Delgado-Olguin, Agostino Pierro, Philip M. Sherman
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal emergency that affects premature infants. Breastmilk helps prevent NEC, in part due to human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). This study found that different structural HMOs have varying effects on intestinal physiology, with unique mechanisms of action, providing a functional framework for screening and designing HMO-like compounds.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Bo Li, Carol Lee, Marissa Cadete, Joshua S. O'Connell, Mashriq Alganabi, Dorothy Lee, Niloofar Ganji, Hiromu Miyake, Steven R. Botts, Kathene C. Johnson-Henry, Pekka Maattanen, Philip M. Sherman, Agostino Pierro
Summary: This study found that AFSCs can be used as a preventative strategy for NEC, while MSCs cannot. AFSCs primarily promote cell development and growth, while MSCs are involved in immune regulation. The administration of AFSCs can enhance healthy intestinal epithelial cell growth transiently, offering protection against experimental NEC.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Richard Y. Wu, Steven R. Botts, Kathene C. Johnson-Henry, Eva Landberg, Thomas R. Abrahamsson, Philip M. Sherman
Summary: The inter-individual variation in human milk oligosaccharide composition has both shared and distinct effects on intestinal epithelial barrier function and gut inflammation.
Article
Pediatrics
Carlos Zozaya, Niloofar Ganji, Bo Li, Maarten Janssen Lok, Carol Lee, Yuhki Koike, Estelle Gauda, Martin Offringa, Simon Eaton, Prakeshkumar S. Shah, Agostino Pierro
Summary: This study assessed the feasibility and safety of remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) in preterm infants with suspected or confirmed NEC. The results showed that RIC was feasible and safe in these patients, which is of significance for designing future clinical trials.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ji-Eun Kim, Bo Li, Lijiang Fei, Rachael Home, Dorothy Lee, Adrian Kwan Loe, Hiromu Miyake, Eda Ayar, Dae-Kyum Kim, Michael G. Surette, Dana J. Philpott, Philip Sherman, Guoji Guo, Agostino Pierro, Tae-Hee Kim
Summary: This study found that early microbial exposure and disruption of this process can impact intestinal stem cell development, with impaired differentiation observed upon antibiotic treatment. Intestinal macrophages were found to secrete specific proteins that maintain the microenvironment crucial for stem cell differentiation. Antibiotic use and reduced numbers of Paneth cells were associated with the deadly disease necrotizing enterocolitis.
Review
Pediatrics
Felicia Balsamo, Yina Tian, Agostino Pierro, Bo Li
Summary: This review examines the regenerative medical literature related to NEC treatment. The study suggests that stem cells from amniotic fluid (AFSC) may provide the best protective and restorative effects against NEC. The review summarizes the potential of AFSCs in protecting and restoring NEC-induced intestinal injury, and highlights the importance of considering the Wnt-dependent mechanism of AFSCs. The article also emphasizes the need to address important unknown factors in future research on AFSC-based therapy for NEC.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Hematology
Steven R. Botts, Sneha Raju, Kamalben Prajapati, Leandro C. Breda, Jason E. Fish, Kathryn L. Howe
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Surgery
Steven R. Botts, Sneha Raju, Kamalben Prajapati, Leandro C. D. Breda, Jason E. Fish, Kathryn L. Howe
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Mashriq Alganabi, George Biouss, Niloofar Ganji, Masaya Yamoto, Carol Lee, Bo Li, Agostino Pierro
Summary: This study investigates the immune cell-mediated response in NEC and the immunomodulatory effects of RIC on an experimental mouse model. The results show that RIC can reduce pro-inflammatory markers and shift the balance of Treg/Th17 cells.
PEDIATRIC SURGERY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)