Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antony Gao, Sameesh Gupta, Han Shi, Yuyang Liu, Angie L. Schroder, Paul K. Witting, Gulfam Ahmad
Summary: The study found that acute serum amyloid A (SAA) induces crosstalk between NF-kappa B and Nrf2 transcriptional factors, leading to the induction of pro-inflammatory mediators and antioxidant response elements after 4 weeks of treatment. SAA treatment also resulted in renal dysfunction by promoting the IFN-gamma-iNOS-p38 MAPK axis, leading to renal fibrosis, as well as accelerated atherosclerosis formation and thinning of fibrous caps in cardiovascular tissues.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carolina Torres Palazzolo, Virna Margarita Martin Gimenez, Luciana Mazzei, Matilde De Paola, Isabel Quesada, Fernando Dario Cuello Carrion, Miguel Walter Fornes, Alejandra Beatriz Camargo, Claudia Castro, Walter Manucha
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of oil macerated with garlic (OMG) intake on the development of vascular and renal diseases. The results showed that long-term moderate intake of OMG improved serum triglyceride levels, diminished atheroma plaque area, and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation markers, apoptosis, and mitochondrial damage. These findings suggest that OMG intake confers significant renovascular protective effects in mice.
Article
Microbiology
Celeste Allaband, Amulya Lingaraju, Cameron Martino, Baylee Russell, Anupriya Tripathi, Orit Poulsen, Ana Carolina Dantas Machado, Dan Zhou, Jin Xue, Emmanuel Elijah, Atul Malhotra, Pieter C. Dorrestein, Rob Knight, Gabriel G. Haddad, Amir Zarrinpar
Summary: The study demonstrates that obstructive sleep apnea induces global changes in the cyclical dynamics of the gut microbiome and metabolome, increasing proinflammatory and proatherogenic substances while decreasing protective ones.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Malgorzata Anna Marc, Rafal Jastrzab, Jennifer Mytych
Summary: This article summarizes the latest knowledge on the correlation between gut microbiota dysbiosis and neurodegenerative and brain-related diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. It emphasizes the importance of gut-derived metabolites and gut metabolic status as key factors in gut-brain crosstalk and their impact on the severity of neural conditions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael Chhor, Esra Tulpar, Tara Nguyen, Charles G. Cranfield, Catherine A. Gorrie, Yik Lung Chan, Hui Chen, Brian G. Oliver, Lana McClements, Kristine C. McGrath
Summary: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death globally, with smoking being a major risk factor. Quitting smoking is challenging due to nicotine addiction and withdrawal symptoms. Electronic cigarettes (e-Cigs) have emerged as an alternative, but their cardiovascular effects are unclear.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Lei Ji, Siliang Chen, Guangchao Gu, Jiawei Zhou, Wei Wang, Jinrui Ren, Jianqiang Wu, Dan Yang, Yuehong Zheng
Summary: This study investigated the potential microbiota-metabolite-gene regulatory axis in CAS patients, finding significant differences in gut microbiota, plasma metabolites, and gene expression. Upregulated DEGs like FABP4 and metabolite alpha-N-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine were identified in CAS patients, providing insights for further specialized study of this disease.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christian Zambach, Jingxue Pan, Sofia Gerward, Artur Fedorowski, J. Gustav Smith, Gunnar Engstrom, Viktor Hamrefors
Summary: This study explored the association between autonomic dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, and the plasma metabolome. The findings indicated that orthostatic blood pressure responses were associated with various plasma metabolites, and these associations were influenced by factors such as age, gender, and systolic blood pressure. Furthermore, specific metabolites were independently associated with markers of cardio-metabolic disease.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Heng Li, Jin Zou, Xiao-Hua Yu, Xiang Ou, Chao-Ke Tang
Summary: Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression for both normal physiological and pathological processes, and recent studies have shown its involvement in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease initiation and progression.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Khushboo G. Upadhyay, Devendra C. Desai, Tester F. Ashavaid, Alpa J. Dherai
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disease with unknown causes, involving interactions between the gut microbiome and the host immune response. The imbalance of gut microbiota is well-documented in IBD and has a significant impact on the host's metabolic pathways. Therefore, studying the metabolomic changes resulting from gut dysbiosis in IBD can help assess disease activity.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Jin Xue, Celeste Allaband, Dan Zhou, Orit Poulsen, Cameron Martino, Lingjing Jiang, Anupriya Tripathi, Emmanuel Elijah, Pieter C. Dorrestein, Rob Knight, Amir Zarrinpar, Gabriel G. Haddad
Summary: The study reveals that intermittent hypercapnia (IC) can promote the formation of atherosclerosis, with different effects in different vascular beds, and the interaction between changes in gut microbiome and metabolome varies in distinct vascular beds.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Shripad Sinari, Juraj Koska, Yueming Hu, Jeremy Furtado, Majken K. Jensen, Matthew J. Budoff, Dobrin Nedelkov, Robyn L. McClelland, Dean Billheimer, Peter Reaven
Summary: The composition of Apo CIII proteoforms is associated with cardiovascular risk and influences plasma lipids. Total apo CIII and CIII2/III1 are positively associated with cardiovascular disease risk, while CIII0b/III1 is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease risk.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Xiaomin Hu, Ruilin Zhou, Hanyu Li, Xinyue Zhao, Yueshen Sun, Yue Fan, Shuyang Zhang
Summary: Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have worse cardiovascular outcomes. This study found that the complication of NAFLD affects the gut microbiota and microbe-derived metabolites in CAD patients, which may be related to the worse cardiovascular outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Jan Claesen, J. Mark Brown
Summary: This study comprehensively cataloged pathways involved in trimethylamine metabolism and identified key bacterial players in the process. It also discovered new TMA-reducing genera that have potential for probiotic strategies or targeted microbiome interventions.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Heidi L. Collins, Steven J. Adelman, Dustie N. Butteiger, Jonathan D. Bortz
Summary: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of choline supplementation on atherosclerosis progression in Apoe(-/-) mice expressing human cholesterol ester transfer protein (hCETP). The results showed that despite increased plasma TMAO levels, choline supplementation did not promote atherosclerosis development.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xin-zheng Hou, En-qi Liu, Si-qi Liu, Hao Lv, Hua-feng Cui, Jing Han
Summary: This study aimed to assess the correlation between serum albumin levels and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in adults aged over 45 years. Multiple logistic regression and smooth curve fitting analysis were performed using the non-institutionalized US population from NHANES 2011-2018. The results showed an inverse association between serum albumin levels and CHD risk, with lower levels of serum albumin associated with a higher risk of CHD. Subgroup analysis indicated that this correlation was statistically significant in female patients over 60 years with hypertension but without diabetes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Caoimhe M. K. Lynch, Caitlin S. M. Cowan, Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen, Gerard M. Moloney, Nigel Theune, Marcel van de Wouw, Eva Florensa Zanuy, Ana Paula Ventura-Silva, Martin G. Codagnone, Francisca Villalobos-Manriquez, Matilde Segalla, Fatma Koc, Catherine Stanton, Paul Ross, Timothy G. Dinan, Gerard Clarke, John F. Cryan
Summary: Numerous studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in neurodevelopment and behavior. Early-life exposure to antibiotics has been associated with increased risk of immune and metabolic diseases. Targeted antibiotic-induced disruption of the microbiota during critical developmental periods has enduring effects on physiology and behavior. This study demonstrates that microbiota disruption during early life alters the structure and function of the caecal microbiome, as well as immune cells and neurophysiology in adolescence. However, the effects on behavior are limited and subtle, suggesting the importance of the gut microbiota during critical windows of development.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caitlin O'Mahony, Adam Clooney, Siobhan F. Clarke, Monica Aguilera, Aisling Gavin, Donjete Simnica, Mary Ahern, Aine Fanning, Maurice Stanley, Raul Cabrera Rubio, Elaine Patterson, Tatiana Marques, Rebecca Wall, Aileen Houston, Amr Mahmoud, Michael W. Bennett, Catherine Stanton, Marcus J. Claesson, Paul D. Cotter, Fergus Shanahan, Susan A. Joyce, Silvia Melgar
Summary: Environmental factors, such as westernised diets and alterations to the gut microbiota, are considered risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This study found that feeding mice a high-fat diet protected them from developing colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism, which then influenced vitamin D targeting pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mingjie Li, Jiuhong Ding, Catherine Stanton, R. Paul Ross, Jianxin Zhao, Bo Yang, Wei Chen
Summary: In this study, it was found that B. longum subsp. infantis FJSYZ1M3 could alleviate DSS-induced colitis through various mechanisms, including maintaining the intestinal barrier, regulating inflammatory cytokines, and modifying the gut microbiota.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shane E. E. Somers, Gabrielle L. L. Davidson, Crystal N. N. Johnson, Michael S. S. Reichert, Jodie M. S. Crane, R. Paul Ross, Catherine Stanton, John L. L. Quinn
Summary: This study investigates the gut microbiota of wild great tits and finds that they are closely related to the host's state and the environment, especially for nestlings. The study also discovers that the gut microbiota is most sensitive during early development and is associated with environmental factors such as reproductive timing and hatching location. These findings are crucial for understanding the role of gut microbiota in the fitness of animals.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Susan Mills, Bo Yang, Graeme J. Smith, Catherine Stanton, R. Paul Ross
Summary: The colonization of Bifidobacterium in the neonatal gut highlights its significance to human health. Bifidobacterium longum is the most abundant species during early stages, but its levels decrease with age and in certain diseases. Research has revealed that B. longum produces bioactive molecules and can impact immune responses in various parts of the body. This review emphasizes the biological and clinical impacts of B. longum throughout different stages of human life, suggesting the need for further research and clinical trials to explore its potential in treating and preventing diseases.
Article
Microbiology
Ivan Sugrue, Daragh Hill, Paula M. O'Connor, Li Day, Catherine Stanton, Colin Hill, R. Paul Ross
Summary: This study describes a new variant of nisin, nisin E, produced by Streptococcus equinus strains isolated from sheep milk. The genome sequencing and analysis revealed similarities to nisin U, but with a unique rearrangement of the core peptide encoding gene. Nisin E showed antimicrobial activity against Lactobacillus, Bacillus, and Clostridiodes, and was immune to nisin U. The discovery of nisin E suggests its central role in the competitive nature of S. equinus.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Eleni Kamilari, Catherine Stanton, F. Jerry Reen, R. Paul Ross
Summary: This review highlights the biotechnological importance of the filamentous yeast-like fungus Geotrichum candidum, which is widely used as a starter in the dairy industry. The study found that aside from its role in the dairy and brewing industries, G. candidum has potential as a probiotic nutritional supplement in fish. Additionally, this species produces various biotechnologically important enzymes, antimicrobial compounds, and has bioremediation capabilities.
Article
Biology
Stephen R. Stockdale, Andrey N. Shkoporov, Ekaterina V. Khokhlova, Karen M. Daly, Siobhan A. McDonnell, Orla O' Regan, James A. Nolan, Thomas D. S. Sutton, Adam G. Clooney, Feargal J. Ryan, Donal Sheehan, Aonghus Lavelle, Lorraine A. Draper, Fergus Shanahan, R. Paul Ross, Colin Hill
Summary: Viruses play important roles in the human microbiome, but our understanding of the human gut virome is limited due to previous sequencing requirements that introduced amplification bias. In this study, without amplification bias, we analyzed the viromes of healthy controls, Crohn's disease patients, and ulcerative colitis patients longitudinally. The results revealed and emphasized the interpersonal variability of the human gut virome, challenging our ability to identify disease associations.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
David B. Healy, Benjamin Campbell-Green, Vicki Livingstone, C. Anthony Ryan, R. Paul Ross, Catherine Stanton, Eugene M. Dempsey
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined outcome of death and/or severe grade necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in very preterm infants before and after the introduction of routine supplementation with Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics. The results showed a reduction in the composite outcome of severe grade NEC and/or death after the introduction of routine administration of probiotics.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Shona Uniacke-Lowe, Fergus W. J. Collins, Colin Hill, R. Paul Ross
Summary: With the increase in antimicrobial resistance, the deep-sea fish microbiome can serve as a potential source of antimicrobials, including bacteriocins. In this study, bacterial isolates recovered from deep-sea fish were screened for antimicrobial activity and their genomic DNA was analyzed for bacteriocin and other antimicrobial metabolite genes. The study identified 147 candidate biosynthetic gene clusters, including 35 bacteriocin clusters, and discovered unique bacteriocin gene clusters encoding novel peptides. This dual approach provided insights into the bacteriocinogenic potential and antimicrobial molecules of the deep-sea isolates.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lauren Walsh, Colin Hill, R. Paul Ross
Summary: This review focuses on the potential effect of glyphosate exposure on the composition and functionality of the gut microbiome, highlighting the significance of gut microbiota to health.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Dhrati V. Patangia, Ghjuvan Grimaud, Kevin Linehan, R. Paul Ross, Catherine Stanton
Summary: This study investigated the impact of different drying off methods on the microbiota and resistome profile in colostrum and milk samples from cows. The results showed that the use of antibiotics during drying off increased microbial diversity and antibiotic resistance genes in milk. In contrast, the non-antibiotic group had a lower abundance of mastitis-causing pathogens and was associated with specific genera. These findings support the use of non-antibiotic alternatives for drying off in cows.
Review
Microbiology
Des Field, Miguel Fernandez de Ullivarri, R. Paul Ross, Colin Hill
Summary: Nisin, a highly post-translationally modified peptide, has been extensively studied over the past 100 years. While it has been used successfully as a food preservative, its potent activity against multidrug resistant microbes and potential for therapeutic use in treating bacterial infections has shifted the focus of research towards its biomedical applications. Recent developments have shed light on the biosynthesis, cellular location, and genetic regulation of nisin, and there is growing interest in its potential role in influencing the microbiome and in bioengineering novel variants for biomedical applications.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xinqi Chen, Yang Chen, Catherine Stanton, Reynolds Paul Ross, Jianxin Zhao, Wei Chen, Bo Yang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the dose-response effect of Bifidobacterium breve CCFM683 on relieving psoriasis and its underlying patterns. Specifically, the expression of keratin 16, keratin 17, and involucrin were substantially decreased by specific doses of the probiotic. Moreover, the gut microbiota in mice treated with the probiotic was rebalanced and the concentrations of colonic bile acids were positively correlated with the effectiveness of the strain in relieving psoriasis.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Kexue Chen, Xingya Zhou, Jianxin Zhao, R. Paul Ross, Catherine Stanton, Wei Chen, Bo Yang
Summary: This study explores the genetic diversity and functional gene features of L. johnsonii through comparative genomic analysis. The results show that L. johnsonii can be classified into two phylogenetic clusters, with differences in carbohydrate utilization genes, bacteriocin operon, extracellular polysaccharide gene cluster, and bile salt hydrolase encoding genes between the clusters.