Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Jielite Huang, Jinlin Chen, Yafeng Xie, Zhuoran Liu
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive overview of immune evasion strategies in spirochetes infection, including antigenic variation, overcoming the attack of the complement system, interfering with immune cells, and persistent infection.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Grace R. Pidwill, Josie F. Gibson, Joby Cole, Stephen A. Renshaw, Simon J. Foster
Summary: Staphylococcus aureus, a member of human commensal microflora, can cause serious diseases by circumventing the innate immune system and establishing infections. Professional phagocytes like macrophages and neutrophils play key roles in containing and resolving S. aureus infections, while the bacteria have evolved multiple strategies to survive, manipulate, and escape from macrophages. Understanding the interactions between macrophages and S. aureus may be beneficial for future therapeutic developments.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Michelle Felicia Lee, Guan Zhong Voon, Hui Xuan Lim, Mun Lok Chua, Chit Laa Poh
Summary: Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that poses significant public health concerns in tropical and subtropical countries. The dengue virus has evolved various strategies to manipulate the host's immune responses, and miRNAs and DENV non-structural proteins (NS) are promising targets for anti-dengue therapeutics.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Eliza Gil, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Jeremy S. Brown
Summary: Innate and adaptive immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is dependent on the complement system. The activation of the complement system by S. pneumoniae is crucial for host defense against infection. The complement system can be activated through different mechanisms, leading to the clearance of the pathogen and protection against invasive infections.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
David P. Maison, Youping Deng, Mariana Gerschenson
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and COVID-19 disease have had a global impact, sparking a significant surge in research. To evaluate future approaches, understanding the host immune response and viral antagonism is crucial. This review summarizes current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the viral genome, replication cycle, host immune activation, response, signaling, and antagonism. Efforts should be directed towards current research to develop treatments and prepare for future outbreaks.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuan-Qin Min, Mengzhuo Huang, Xiulian Sun, Fei Deng, Hualin Wang, Yun-Jia Ning
Summary: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to unprecedented medical and socioeconomic crises, with viral proteins showing potential antagonistic effects against IFN responses. Understanding the strategies used by SARS-CoV-2 to evade innate immunity, particularly the antiviral IFN responses, will not only help elucidate the infection and pathogenesis, but also aid in the development of antiviral intervention therapies.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jack Chun-Chieh Hsu, Maudry Laurent-Rolle, Joanna B. Pawlak, Craig B. Wilen, Peter Cresswell
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 shuts down host innate immune responses through the translation inhibition activity of NSP14, revealing insights into the pathogenesis of the virus.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Zhijie Jian, Rui Ma, Ling Zhu, Huidan Deng, Fengqin Li, Jun Zhao, Lishuang Deng, Siyuan Lai, Xiangang Sun, Huaqiao Tang, Zhiwen Xu
Summary: This article reviews the strategies used by Arteriviruses to antagonize IFN production and thwart IFN-activated antiviral signaling, emphasizing the significance of this research in understanding the pathogenesis of arthritis virus and developing vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Hongnuan Wang, Wei Li, Shijun J. Zheng
Summary: Innate immunity plays a crucial role in defending against pathogenic infections, and studying avian viruses can help develop new vaccines and treatments.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Prasad Dasari, Maria Nordengruen, Claudia Vilhena, Leif Steil, Goran Abdurrahman, Kristin Surmann, Vishnu Dhople, Julia Lahrberg, Claus Bachert, Christine Skerka, Uwe Voelker, Barbara M. Broeker, Peter F. Zipfel
Summary: SplB, a protease produced by Staphylococcus aureus, inhibits the host immune response by cleaving specific human complement proteins. It reduces opsonophagocytosis by neutrophils and prevents deposition of C5b-9 on the bacterial surface. SplB is considered a novel staphylococcal complement evasion protein.
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Shubo Wen, Xintong Li, Xiangyu Lv, Kai Liu, Jingqiang Ren, Jingbo Zhai, Yang Song
Summary: Interferon (IFN) is a crucial antiviral cytokine involved in host defense against virus invasion. Pathogens have developed strategies to escape the IFN-mediated immune response. This review focuses on the mechanisms mediated by Npro of pestiviruses to counteract IFN production.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Liang Jiang, Marian R. Goldsmith, Qingyou Xia
Summary: This study focuses on the interaction between silkworm and baculovirus, including baculovirus invasion, silkworm immune response, virus evasion of host immunity, and enhancement of antiviral efficacy. The elucidation of this interaction provides a theoretical basis for targeted pest control, enhanced pathogen resistance in economically important insects, and bioreactor improvement.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Xiaohong Kuang, Jian Li
Summary: Chromosome instability (CIN) and aneuploidy, major features of human cancers, not only impose fitness costs on tumor cells but also provoke an antitumor immune response. However, intratumor heterogeneity generated by CIN/aneuploidy helps tumor cells evolve to overcome the antitumor role of the immune system.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Dan-ting Zhan, Hong-chun Xian
Summary: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play diverse roles in regulating the cancer immunity cycle, including inhibiting antitumor T cell activation, blocking effector T cell recruitment, disrupting T cell homing, recruiting immunosuppressive cells, and inducing an imbalance between antitumor effector cells and immunosuppressive cells. Thus, lncRNAs have the potential to be novel targets for immunotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mandy M. T. van Leent, Anu E. Meerwaldt, Alexandre Berchouchi, Yohana C. Toner, Marianne E. Burnett, Emma D. Klein, Anna Vera D. Verschuur, Sheqouia A. Nauta, Jazz Munitz, Geoffrey Prevot, Esther M. van Leeuwen, Farideh Ordikhani, Vera P. Mourits, Claudia Calcagno, Philip M. Robson, George Soultanidis, Thomas Reiner, Rick R. M. Joosten, Heiner Friedrich, Joren C. Madsen, Ewelina Kluza, Roy van der Meel, Leo A. B. Joosten, Mihai G. Netea, Jordi Ochando, Zahi A. Fayad, Carlos Perez-Medina, Willem J. M. Mulder, Abraham J. P. Teunissen
Summary: Immunotherapies focusing on the adaptive immune system have been extensively studied, while research on regulating the innate immune system is still limited. Nanoparticles show promise in engaging the innate immune system through interactions with phagocytic myeloid cells. A modular approach was used to efficiently incorporate various drugs into a nanobiologic platform, leading to prolonged allograft survival in a mouse model through the use of rapamycin-loaded nanobiologics. Additionally, biodistribution and safety of the nanobiologics were evaluated in nonhuman primates, supporting the potential clinical translation of this approach.
Article
Immunology
John R. Koethe, Carlee Moser, Todd T. Brown, James H. Stein, Theodoros Kelesidis, Michael Dube, Judith Currier, Grace A. McComsey
Summary: In persons with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy, higher circulating leptin levels are associated with increased insulin resistance and systemic inflammation, independent of fat depot size. This suggests that adipocyte lipid content may contribute to impaired glucose tolerance and systemic inflammation in this population. Serum leptin level is a stronger determinant of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation compared to measurements of regional adiposity.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shelby M. Flaherty, Elizabeth K. Wood, Carol D. Ryff, Gayle D. Love, Theodoros Kelesidis, Loni Berkowitz, Guadalupe Echeverria, Katherine Rivera, Attilio Rigotti, Christopher L. Coe
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of HDL function in a racially and metabolically diverse adult population, finding differences in HDLperox content among individuals with type 2 diabetes and nondiabetic white males.
LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Maria Daskou, William Mu, Madhav Sharma, Hariclea Vasilopoulos, Rachel Heymans, Eleni Ritou, Valerie Rezek, Philip Hamid, Athanasios Kossyvakis, Shubhendu Sen Roy, Victor Grijalva, Arnab Chattopadhyay, Scott G. Kitchen, Alan M. Fogelman, Srinivasa T. Reddy, Theodoros Kelesidis
Summary: This study investigates whether apoA-I mimetic peptides, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, can alleviate systemic and gut inflammation in chronic HIV infection. The research findings suggest that these peptides can target increased levels of the protein ADAM17 and its proinflammatory activity, contributing to the reduction of inflammation in HIV.
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Theodoros Kelesidis, Christos S. Mantzoros
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Eleni Ritou, Sandro Satta, Anton Petcherski, Maria Daskou, Madhav Sharma, Hariclea Vasilopoulos, Eisuke Murakami, Orian S. Shirihai, Theodoros Kelesidis
Summary: Higher intracellular drug levels of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) may alter mitochondrial function and energy production in immune cells of HIV(+) patients. This study found that TAF-based antiretroviral therapy was associated with reduced cellular oxygen consumption rate and altered bioenergetics in immune cells. Further research is needed to understand the clinical significance of these findings in HIV, preexposure prophylaxis, and hepatitis B.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Chandrima Gain, Sihyeong Song, Tyler Angtuaco, Sandro Satta, Theodoros Kelesidis
Summary: Coronaviruses can cause severe respiratory tract infections and affect other organs such as the central nervous system, lungs, and heart. COVID-19 has had a devastating impact on humanity. Understanding the mechanisms of coronavirus infections will help develop new treatments to reduce the effects of these infections. Coronaviruses induce oxidative stress, leading to reduced antiviral responses and increased inflammation and cell damage. However, the mechanisms by which coronaviruses manipulate redox responses are not well understood. This review aims to elucidate the redox mechanisms involved in coronavirus replication and associated damage to multiple organs.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Theodoros Kelesidis
Article
Immunology
Sihyeong Song, Sandro Satta, Madhav B. Sharma, Cristelle Hugo, Athanassios Kossyvakis, Shubhendu Sen Roy, Theodoros Kelesidis
Summary: Currently, there is no treatment available for mitochondrial dysfunction, which contributes to end-organ disease in HIV patients. The mitochondrial antioxidant MitoQ has been shown to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction in animal models of various diseases, but its effectiveness in HIV has not been explored. In this study, using a humanized murine model of chronic HIV infection, we found that HIV-1-infected mice treated with antiretroviral therapy and MitoQ had higher levels of mitochondrial DNA compared to HIV-1-infected mice on antiretroviral therapy alone. These findings suggest that MitoQ could be a potential treatment for mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Theodoros Kelesidis, Madhav Sharma, Sandro Satta, Elizabeth Tran, Rajat Gupta, Jesus A. A. Araujo, Holly R. R. Middlekauff
Summary: This study investigated the levels of proteins related to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in plasma of smokers, e-cigarette users, and non-smokers. The results showed that smokers had higher levels of sCD163 and L-selectin, while e-cigarette users had higher levels of furin compared to non-smokers and smokers.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Farshad Abedi, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Navid Omidkhoda, Theodoros Kelesidis, Javad Ramezani, Sara Samadi, Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
Summary: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a potential risk marker of coronary atherosclerosis with high specificity and sensitivity. However, the association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration and CAC incidence and progression is controversial.
LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Theodoros Kelesidis, Madhav Sharma, Eashan Sharma, Isabelle Ruedisueli, Elizabeth Tran, Holly R. Middlekauff
Summary: The use of electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) may increase vulnerability to future atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease due to changes in circulating factors. Monocyte transendothelial migration and monocyte-derived foam cell formation were higher in ECIG users and tobacco cigarette (TCIG) smokers compared to nonsmokers. However, these alterations were less severe in ECIG users compared to TCIG smokers.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Fatemeh Vazirian, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Theodoros Kelesidis, Matthew J. Budoff, Zahra Zandi, Sara Samadi, Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that elevated levels of Lp(a) are significantly associated with an increased risk of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in asymptomatic populations with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Measuring Lp(a) may serve as a useful biomarker for diagnosing subclinical atherosclerosis in individuals at higher risk of CAC.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alexei Christodoulides, Noah J. Burket, Piiamaria Virtanen, Brandon C. Lane
Summary: This report discusses a case of a man in his 30s with a newly diagnosed pituitary adenoma. Imaging showed a pituitary mass extending into the right cavernous sinus. Emergency imaging revealed pituitary apoplexy with subarachnoid extension but no vascular abnormalities were detected. Further imaging after surgery revealed the presence of two internal carotid artery aneurysms. This case emphasizes the need for additional vascular imaging in patients with pituitary apoplexy and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Meeting Abstract
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
N. Pagonas, L. Weiland, M. Jaensch, W. Dammernmann, M. Christ, O. Ritter, T. Westhoff, T. Kelesidis, B. Saskol
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Theodoros Kelesidis, Yuyan Zhang, Elizabeth Tran, Grace Sosa, Holly R. Middlekauff
Summary: This study compares the expression of key proteins in COVID-19 pathogenesis among tobacco cigarette smokers, electronic cigarette vapers, and non-smokers. The results show that tobacco cigarette smokers had a significantly higher percentage of cells positive for ACE2, TMPRSS2, and ADAM17 compared to non-smokers. The study also finds that electronic cigarette vapers have a trend towards increased proteases.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2022)
