Preparation, Physicochemical Properties, and Long-Term Performance of Photocatalytic Ceramsite Sand in Cementitious Materials

Incorporation of TiO2 into cementitious materials is an important technology in the field of photocatalytic pollution mitigation; however, the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 is limited by specific surface area, poor gas diffusion and light transmission performance of cementitious materials. In this study, a novel photocatalytic lightweight aggregate-photocatalytic ceramsite sand (PCS) was synthesized by loading TiO2 on activated porous ceramsite sand (CS) with negative pressure method to solve problems in application of photocatalysts in cementitious materials. Photocatalytic cement material (PCM) was prepared by loading PCS on the surface of cementitious materials, which improved the photocatalytic activity and efficiency of TiO2 in cementitious materials. It was found that the pore structure (pore volume, size distribution and interconnectivity) of ceramsite sand (CS) varies with particle size. The photocatalytic removal rate of benzene on PCS increased significantly through adjusting ceramsite sands in appropriate pore structure and TiO2 at best coating ratio. The photocatalytic activity of PCS slightly decreased but still remained active after incorporated into concrete. 2 mu L benzene was degraded completely in 200 min by 5 g 4PCS-1.25 similar to 2.35 and 300 min by PCM-5, and was still degraded over 80% in 400 min by PCM-5 after exposure to natural environment for 6 months. The results suggested that the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 in cementitious materials was enhanced by the preparation of PCS and PCM, which could provide more gas diffusion, higher specific surface area, more TiO2 active sites, and prevent TiO2 particles from being influenced by the envelope of cement hydration products and the carbonation of cement.