Article
Genetics & Heredity
Aashika Sekar, Aaron Leiblich, S. Mark Wainwright, Claudia C. Mendes, Dhruv Sarma, Josephine E. E. U. Hellberg, Carina Gandy, Deborah C. I. Goberdhan, Freddie C. Hamdy, Clive Wilson
Summary: Sex hormones, like testosterone, play a crucial role in the development and growth of reproductive organs and prostate cancer. However, treatments that block the production of these hormones can result in the emergence of hormone-independent and lethal forms of the disease. In this study, researchers discovered that a fruit fly's steroid receptor can drive growth in the absence of hormone after mating, and this switch to steroid-independence is regulated by a gene equivalent to Retinoblastoma. Furthermore, they identified potential targets for suppressing this switch and preventing therapy-resistant tumors in humans.
Article
Cell Biology
Katie Joanna Miller, Mohammad Asim
Summary: The androgen receptor (AR) signalling pathway plays a key role in prostate cancer. Upstream kinases promote AR signalling, while other kinases are regulated by AR. These kinases represent potential therapeutic targets for PCa.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah Koushyar, Pinar Uysal-Onganer, Wen Guo Jiang, Dafydd Alwyn Dart
Summary: Prohibitin (PHB) is a tumor suppressor gene that has multiple molecular activities. Overexpression of PHB leads to cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase and represses the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer cells. PHB interacts and represses members of the E2F family, which may also be linked to AR, making the AR:PHB:E2F interaction axis highly complex. Knockdown of PHB using siRNA increased the growth and metastatic potential of LNCaP mouse xenografts. On the other hand, ectopic overexpression of PHB affected the expression of several hundred genes in LNCaP cells, including downregulated expression of WNT family members and cell adhesion pathways. Online data analysis showed decreased PHB expression in clinical cases of metastatic prostate cancer, and its expression was correlated with higher WNT expression in metastasis. Overexpression of PHB reduced cell migration, motility, invasion, and attachment in prostate cancer cells. Mechanistically, AR was found to be involved in the regulation of the WNT genes, and these WNTs were also regulated by the cell cycle. Therefore, the repressive effects of PHB on AR, E2F, and WNT expression suggest its importance in inhibiting prostate cancer metastasis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Maryam Labaf, Muqing Li, Lily Ting, Breelyn Karno, Songqi Zhang, Shuai Gao, Susan Patalano, Jill A. A. Macoska, Kourosh Zarringhalam, Dong Han, Changmeng Cai
Summary: This study examines the acute effects of overexpressed androgen receptor (AR) on its cistrome and transcriptome in a prostate cancer (PCa) model. The results show that overexpression of AR leads to redistribution of AR chromatin binding and activation of a distinct transcription program, including DNA damage repair pathways. The study also predicts the involvement of EZH2 in this AR reprogramming and identifies a subset of AR/EZH2 co-targeting genes that are overexpressed in castration-resistant PCa and associated with worse patient outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vivek Makwana, Santosh Rudrawar, Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
Summary: Hexosamine biosynthetic (HBP) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways play crucial roles in the proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells by increasing androgen receptor expression and protein levels. Inhibition of a single pathway is insufficient to halt disease progression, suggesting that targeting multiple pathways at common junctions may be beneficial for effective management of prostate cancer.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lisanne Mout, Martin E. van Royen, Corrina de Ridder, Debra Stuurman, Wesley S. van de Geer, Rute Marques, Stefan A. J. Buck, Pim J. French, Harmen J. G. van de Werken, Ron H. J. Mathijssen, Ronald de Wit, Martijn P. Lolkema, Wytske M van Weerden
Summary: The study demonstrated that combining enzalutamide with cabazitaxel significantly enhanced the anti-tumor activity of cabazitaxel in CRPC models. Enzalutamide alone did not reduce tumor growth effectively, but it suppressed AR signaling significantly.
Article
Oncology
Yu-Ching Wen, Chien-Liang Liu, Hsiu-Lien Yeh, Wei-Hao Chen, Kuo-Ching Jiang, Van Thi Ngoc Tram, Michael Hsiao, Jiaoti Huang, Wei-Yu Chen, Yen-Nien Liu
Summary: Our study reveals that LIF/ZBTB46 signaling activation upregulates PCK1-driven glucose metabolism and neuroendocrine differentiation in CRPC. Targeting PCK1 may reduce the neuroendocrine phenotype and inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, offering potential improvements in prostate cancer treatment after ADT using PCK1 inhibitors.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Svetlana K. Vorontsova, Igor Zavarzin, Valerii Z. Shirinian, Eugene Bozhenko, Olga E. Andreeva, Danila Sorokin, Alexander M. Scherbakov, Mikhail E. Minyaev
Summary: Carbocyclic steroids with D-annulation at the 16 alpha and 17 alpha positions, along with a 5-membered ring E, can be easily synthesized through the interrupted Nazarov cyclization. These steroids exhibit geometries that perfectly match the active site of the human androgen receptor. Experimental results also demonstrate the antiproliferative activity and inhibition of the AR pathway in prostate cancer cells, providing insights for the development of novel drugs targeting nuclear receptors in cancer cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ulrich Sommer, Tiziana Siciliano, Celina Ebersbach, Alicia-Marie K. Beier, Matthias B. Stope, Korinna Joehrens, Gustavo B. Baretton, Angelika Borkowetz, Christian Thomas, Holger H. H. Erb
Summary: PSMA protein plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer, and the activation and inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) can affect PSMA protein levels. This study found that AR activation and inhibition affect PSMA protein levels through a possible non-canonical mechanism, and low PSMA expression rates may be necessary to increase PSMA protein through androgen deprivation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Yalan Xu, Jie Mu, Zhixia Zhou, Yu Leng, Yali Yu, Xiuyue Song, Aihua Liu, Hai Zhu, Jing Li, Dong Wang
Summary: The study isolated and cultured a novel type of castration-resistant intermediate prostate stem cells that can rapidly proliferate in 2D culture dishes and be maintained for over six months. These stem cells express markers of both basal and luminal cells, and can differentiate into prostate organoids and tissues.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dhirodatta Senapati, Vikas Sharma, Santosh Kumar Rath, Uddipak Rai, Naresh Panigrahi
Summary: The article discusses the role of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer and the mechanisms of resistance. It highlights the plasticity of AR-DNA binding and emphasizes the importance of developing alternative strategies to antagonize AR activity.
Review
Cell Biology
Qianyao Tang, Bo Cheng, Rongyang Dai, Ronghao Wang
Summary: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most lethal cancer for men in western countries, with androgen receptor (AR) playing a central role in its initiation and progression. The interactions between stromal cells and PCa epithelial cells, mediated by AR signaling, impact the growth and invasiveness of PCa cells. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) treatment can enhance the reciprocal interaction between stromal and epithelial cells, promoting cell invasion of PCa cells.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Konsta Kukkonen, Bryn Autio-Kimura, Hanna Rauhala, Juha Kesseli, Matti Nykter, Leena Latonen, Tapio Visakorpi
Summary: Development of a cell line model mimicking luminal prostate epithelial cells by modifying the immortalized prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1 to constitutively express the androgen receptor provides a valuable tool for studying the transformation of the prostate epithelium.
ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Emuejevoke Olokpa, Sammed N. Mandape, Siddharth Pratap, La Monica Stewart
Summary: The study used RNA sequencing to identify the signaling pathways regulated by metformin in androgen-receptor positive, castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Metformin was found to alter the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways, the spliceosome, RNA transport, and protein processing within the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as in ErbB, insulin, mTOR, TGF-beta, MAPK, and Wnt signaling pathways. Some of the metformin-regulated genes are known to be direct transcriptional targets of p53 or AR, and metformin-induced reductions in AR mRNA and protein levels contributed to these alterations in gene expression.
Article
Oncology
Jiaqian Liang, Liyang Wang, Larysa Poluben, Mannan Nouri, Seiji Arai, Lisha Xie, Olga S. Voznesensky, Laura Cato, Xin Yuan, Joshua W. Russo, Henry W. Long, Myles Brown, Shaoyong Chen, Steven P. Balk
Summary: In castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the splice variant ARv7 can function independently of the full length ARfl, with both contributing independently to overall AR activity.
Article
Allergy
Eve Blanquart, Audrey Mandonnet, Marion Mars, Claire Cenac, Nina Anesi, Pascale Mercier, Christophe Audouard, Stephane Roga, Gilberto Serrano de Almeida, Charlotte L. Bevan, Jean-Philippe Girard, Lucette Pelletier, Sophie Laffont, Jean-Charles Guery
Summary: This study investigates the impact of androgens on the development and function of innate lymphoid cells in female lungs. The findings suggest that androgens negatively control innate lymphoid cell homeostasis and inflammation in a cell-intrinsic manner. The inhibitory receptor killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 is found to play a dispensable role in androgen-mediated inhibition of innate lymphoid cells.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Sharmila Rana, Gabriel N. Valbuena, Ed Curry, Charlotte L. Bevan, Hector C. Keun
Summary: A lack of reliable prognostic biomarkers for distinguishing indolent from aggressive prostate cancer has prompted research into microRNAs (miRs). A systematic review identified 15 miRs consistently associated with disease progression, warranting further investigation into their potential as prognostic PCa biomarkers.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Wenguan Jiang, Wei You
Summary: This study used singular spectrum analysis, empirical mode decomposition, and the combination of both methods to reduce the noise level in Jason altimeter waveforms. The combined method was found to effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio, correlation coefficient, and root-mean-square error. By re-measuring the sea surface heights and establishing the MSSH model, it was demonstrated that the combined denoising method resulted in the highest accuracy.
GEODESY AND GEODYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Xu Luo, Rong-Rong Li, Yu-Qi Li, Han-Pu Yu, Hai-Ning Yu, Wen-Guo Jiang, Ya-Na Li
Summary: Recent studies have shown that vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) plays a role in the metabolism of fatty acids and glucose, potentially serving as a target for the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. However, the specific mechanism by which VEGFB regulates lipid and glucose metabolism balance is not fully understood. This study used VEGFB gene-knockout mice to investigate the effects of downregulation of VEGFB on lipid metabolism and insulin secretion, and to explore the mechanism of VEGFB in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. The findings suggest that downregulating VEGFB improves lipid metabolism and insulin resistance.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Baishan Hu, Weiguang Jiang, Takayuki Miyagi, Zhonghao Sun, Andreas Ekstroem, Christian Forssen, Gaute Hagen, Jason D. Holt, Thomas Papenbrock, S. Ragnar Stroberg, Ian Vernon
Summary: The study investigates the influence of nuclear forces on heavy atomic nuclei and provides insights into predicting nuclear properties and neutron stars. By utilizing advanced methods and techniques, researchers can quantitatively predict the properties of Pb-208 and obtain relatively accurate results. The findings demonstrate the importance of realistic forces in heavy atomic nuclei and enable quantitative predictions across the nuclear landscape.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jianyuan Zeng, Andrew J. Sanders, Lin Ye, Rachel Hargest, Fiona Ruge, Wen G. Jiang
Summary: This study investigates the role of EPLIN, a putative tumor suppressor, in colorectal cancer. The findings show that EPLIN is downregulated in colorectal cancer tissues compared to normal tissues and its reduced expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes. EPLIN inhibits cellular growth, adhesion, migration, and invasion. It also interacts with proteins such as HSP60 and Her2 and regulates their expression in colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, the combination of EPLIN, HSP60, and Her2 can predict the clinical outcome of colorectal cancer patients. EPLIN also affects cellular response to chemotherapy and targeted therapeutic agents for EGFR/Her2.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yi Ming Yang, Lin Ye, Fiona Ruge, Ziqian Fang, Ke Ji, Andrew J. J. Sanders, Shuqin Jia, Chunyi Hao, Q. Ping Dou, Jiafu Ji, Wen G. G. Jiang
Summary: This study investigated the potential roles of ALCAM in peritoneal transcoelomic metastasis in gastrointestinal cancers. It was found that high levels of ALCAM expression were associated with shorter peritoneal metastasis-free survival. Additionally, ALCAM played a role in the adhesion between tumor cells and peritoneal mesothelial cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chengcheng Hao, Jane Lane, Wen G. Jiang
Summary: Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, and drug resistance is a significant obstacle in cancer treatment. Osteopontin (OPN) is a protein that is overexpressed in various types of tumors and is involved in multiple cellular processes related to drug resistance. Understanding the role of OPN in cancer drug resistance may have implications for improving cancer therapy by reducing drug resistance in sensitive tumors.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah Koushyar, Pinar Uysal-Onganer, Wen Guo Jiang, Dafydd Alwyn Dart
Summary: Prohibitin (PHB) is a tumor suppressor gene that has multiple molecular activities. Overexpression of PHB leads to cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase and represses the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer cells. PHB interacts and represses members of the E2F family, which may also be linked to AR, making the AR:PHB:E2F interaction axis highly complex. Knockdown of PHB using siRNA increased the growth and metastatic potential of LNCaP mouse xenografts. On the other hand, ectopic overexpression of PHB affected the expression of several hundred genes in LNCaP cells, including downregulated expression of WNT family members and cell adhesion pathways. Online data analysis showed decreased PHB expression in clinical cases of metastatic prostate cancer, and its expression was correlated with higher WNT expression in metastasis. Overexpression of PHB reduced cell migration, motility, invasion, and attachment in prostate cancer cells. Mechanistically, AR was found to be involved in the regulation of the WNT genes, and these WNTs were also regulated by the cell cycle. Therefore, the repressive effects of PHB on AR, E2F, and WNT expression suggest its importance in inhibiting prostate cancer metastasis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bethan A. Frugtniet, Fiona Ruge, Andrew J. Sanders, Sioned Owen, Keith G. Harding, Wen G. Jiang, Tracey A. Martin
Summary: This study found that nWASP expression was significantly increased in non-healing chronic wounds and its inhibition improved cellular behavior and wound healing. TrkB and PLC gamma 1 signaling pathways were identified as important regulators of nWASP. Therefore, nWASP is considered a new therapeutic target for non-healing wounds.
Article
Oncology
Yuqi Li, Rongrong Li, Xu Luo, Fang Xu, Meizi Yang, Lanhui Zheng, Qihao Wu, Wenguo Jiang, Yana Li
Summary: This study investigated the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) on regulating insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its underlying mechanism. The results showed that knockout of VEGFB exacerbated the decrease in insulin secretion in T2DM mice, while overexpression of VEGFB improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. VEGFB activated the Ca2+/CaMK2 pathway via VEGFR1-PLC gamma and IP3R pathway to regulate insulin secretion in T2DM.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Zhenhong Xia, Xiaoran Liu, Yuqi Li, Zhiqi Li, Feixue Ni, Geng Tian, Wenguo Jiang
Summary: The results of this study suggest that isobavachalcone acts through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the liver to control the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and regulate glucose and lipid metabolism.
NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Correction
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Baishan Hu, Weiguang Jiang, Takayuki Miyagi, Zhonghao Sun, Andreas Ekstroem, Christian Forssen, Gaute Hagen, Jason D. Holt, Thomas Papenbrock, S. Ragnar Stroberg, Ian Vernon
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Zexu Sun, Haozhang Hou, Bo Sun, Wenguo Jiang, Shengkai Gong, Yi Ru
Summary: This study investigates the influence of different heat treatment atmospheres on the microstructural and mechanical behaviors of SiC-ZrC fibers. Experimental results show that the fibers' mechanical performance declines under vacuum and argon environments. Under vacuum conditions, the amorphous phase decomposes and crystallinity increases, but no clustering of ZrC phase is observed. In contrast, under argon conditions, the amorphous phase decomposes and clustering of ZrC particles occurs, resulting in inferior mechanical properties of the fibers.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
C. J. Yang, W. G. Jiang, S. Burrello, M. Grasso
Summary: This study proposes a novel method for handling interactions between nuclear matter and finite nuclei, through iterations of interactions and enlargements of the model space under EDF theories, combining principles of effective field theory and ab initio approaches.