Review
Physiology
Jose Maria Gonzalez-Rave, Francisco Hermosilla, Fernando Gonzalez-Mohino, Arturo Casado, David B. Pyne
Summary: This study identified main characteristics of endurance training for highly trained swimmers, showing differences in training intensity distribution and periodization models among sprint, middle-distance, and long-distance swimmers. The periodization model with wave-like cycles promotes physiological adaptations and skill acquisition. Further experimental studies are needed to assess the effects of different periodization models on swimming performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Ludwig Rappelt, Steffen Held, Tim Wiedenmann, Jan-Philip Deutsch, Jonas Hochstrate, Pamela Wicker, Lars Donath
Summary: Restricting oral breathing to nasal-only breathing may reduce threshold training during low-intensity endurance training. In this study, 19 physically healthy adults performed 60 minutes of self-selected low-intensity cycling with and without breathing restriction. The results showed that nasal-only breathing led to lower breathing frequency, carbon dioxide release, lactate concentration, with no significant impact on training intensity and perceived effort.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Caio Victor Sousa, Samuel Aguiar, Rafael Reis Olher, Rafael Cunha, Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis, Elias Villiger, Thomas Rosemann, Beat Knechtle
Summary: The analysis found that the importance of each discipline in predicting overall performance varies across different triathlon distances. Swimming is the most important predictor in Sprint and Olympic distance, while running is the most important predictor in IM 140.6.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Nicholas D. Huntington
Summary: IRF4 is necessary for the differentiation of T cells, B cells, and some myeloid cells. A recent study reveals that IRF4 is upregulated after natural killer (NK) cell activation and is essential for the differentiation and expansion of virus-specific NK cells by regulating nutrient acquisition, including iron uptake.
Review
Sport Sciences
Yuri Campos, Arturo Casado, Joao Guilherme Vieira, Miller Guimaraes, Leandro Sant'Ana, Luis Leitao, Sandro Fernandes da Silva, Paulo Henrique Silva Marques de Azevedo, Jeferson Vianna, Raul Dominguez
Summary: The combination of high-volume low-intensity training and low-volume high-intensity interval training is necessary to optimize endurance training adaptations in middle- and long-distance runners. Monitoring training using multiple objective and subjective quantification methods can help coaches and researchers make better decisions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Rafal Hebisz, Paulina Hebisz, Natalia Danek, Kamil Michalik, Marek Zaton
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of change in maximal oxygen uptake (ΔV?o(2)max) in response to a polarized training program. The results showed significant correlations between ΔV?o(2)max and training status and baseline measures of VEmax·LBM-1, RMSSD, and V?o(2)max·LBM-1. A regression equation was developed to predict the change in V?o(2)max based on these measurable variables.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biology
Francisco Teixeira-Coelho, Cletiana Gonsalves Fonseca, Filipe Ferreira Vaz, Nicolas Henrique Santos Barbosa, Danusa Dias Soares, Washington Pires, Samuel Penna Wanner
Summary: Increasing the intensity and/or duration of aerobic training sessions improved thermoregulatory responses in rats exercising in temperate environments, but had no significant effects in warm environments.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jonathan Esteve-Lanao, Sebastian Del Rosso, Eneko Larumbe-Zabala, Claudia Cardona, Alberto Alcocer-Gamboa, Daniel A. Boullosa
Summary: This study aimed to predict marathon performance in recreational runners throughout training preparation using speeds derived from ventilatory thresholds and running economy. The findings suggest that assessing speeds at aerobic and anaerobic thresholds can reasonably predict performance, with anaerobic threshold speed being a key factor in early prediction and aerobic threshold speed becoming more influential towards the end of the macrocycle. Future research is needed to validate these findings in runners of different levels and training models.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Nathan D. W. Smith, Jeremiah J. Peiffer, Olivier Girard, Brendan R. Scott
Summary: This study compared training loads and internal:external load ratios from an aerobic interval session at the highest perceptually sustainable intensity with and without blood flow restriction (BFR). The results showed that the session with BFR had lower Lucia TRIMP and total work done (TWD), indicating lower internal and external loads. The study suggests that the Lucia TRIMP:TWD and Edwards TRIMP:TWD ratios can be used to effectively monitor aerobic BFR training loads.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Hadi Nobari, Akhilesh Kumar Ramachandran, Joao Paulo Brito, Rafael Oliveira
Summary: The aim of this study was to quantify the training load and analyze the influence of playing positions on the load experienced by professional soccer players. The results showed a decrease in load on the last day of the microcycles. Differences were observed in the distance covered in certain training zones between wide defenders and central defenders. The training load was higher in pre-season microcycles compared to in-season microcycles.
Article
Sport Sciences
John W. Farrell, Ann Dunn, Greg S. Cantrell, David J. Lantis, Daniel J. Larson, Rebecca D. Larson
Summary: The study found that there were no significant differences in the time spent in different training intensity zones between male and female collegiate cross-country runners. However, two female subjects experienced performance decrements and trained proportionally more in zones 2 and 3 compared with the overall group, suggesting potential detriments of group training for some collegiate runners.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis, Vicente Javier Clemente-Suarez, Daniela Chlibkova, Beat Knechtle
Summary: Experienced marathon runners showed superior performance in body composition, flexibility, training frequency, and running distance, indicating that long-term marathon training can enhance endurance performance, body composition, and flexibility.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Olli-Pekka Nuuttila, Ari Nummela, Keijo Hakkinen, Santtu Seipajarvi, Heikki Kyrolainen
Summary: The study investigated the effects of progressively increased training intensity or volume on nocturnal heart rate, heart rate variability, countermovement jump, perceived recovery, and heart rate-running speed index. Results showed improvements in heart rate and perceived recovery during training, while countermovement jump and heart rate variability remained unchanged. Long-term monitoring of the heart rate-running speed index may help predict endurance performance improvements.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Manuel Matzka, Robert Leppich, Billy Sperlich, Christoph Zinner
Summary: Research on the training intensity distribution in endurance athletes is inconclusive due to different quantification methods. This study compared three different methods of training intensity quantification in highly trained sprint kayakers and found that TIDRace determination showed lower interindividual variation compared to the physiologically based methods.
SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Bruce Rogers, Thomas Gronwald
Summary: Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA a1) as an alternative method for exercise load assessment shows promising potential. A DFA a1 value of 0.75, known as the Heart Rate Variability Threshold (HRVT), is associated with aerobic threshold in various populations. DFA a1 can also be used for exercise load management and real-time tracking.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Carlos Lago-Fuentes, Paolo Aiello, Mauro Testa, Iker Munoz, Marcos Mecias Calvo
Summary: The study analyzed the validity and reliability of intensity ranges, number of actions, and changes of direction measured by a commercial inertial measurement unit. The results showed good validity and reliability for high-intensity actions, as well as almost perfect validity for the number of different actions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Orthopedics
Fernando Cobo-Vicente, Alejandro F. San Juan, Eneko Larumbe-Zabala, Agustin Jesus Estevez-Gonzalez, Marcio Vinicius Fagundes Donadio, Margarita Perez-Ruiz
Summary: The systematic review found that the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) programs in children and adolescents with chronic neurological disorders and diseases can significantly improve muscle strength, biomechanics of movement, and functional mobility.
Review
Sport Sciences
Agustin Jesus Estevez-Gonzalez, Margarita Perez-Ruiz, Fernando Cobo-Vicente, Marcio Vinicius Fagundes Donadio, Eneko Larumbe-Zabala
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of physical training programs on heart rate variability in children and adolescents with chronic diseases. The results showed that exercise can moderately increase time-domain variables and have a moderate effect on some frequency-domain variables.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sergio Selles-Perez, Lara Eza-Casajus, Jose Fernandez-Saez, Miguel Martinez-Moreno, Roberto Cejuela
Summary: In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of participants in popular races, mostly comprising of amateur runners. It has been observed that a significant percentage of these runners tend to get injured, with some of these injuries potentially associated with a low stride frequency. This research aimed to determine if a continuous running training program, coupled with music, could improve the stride frequency of recreational runners. The findings showed that training with music feedback helped to enhance stride frequency in these runners.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Iker Munoz-Perez, Carlos Lago-Fuentes, Marcos Mecias-Calvo, Arturo Casado
Summary: This study compares pacing and packing behaviors between genders and performance levels in the Berlin marathon races. The results show that male performances with even pacing behavior are faster than those with positive behavior. Female runners decrease their speed less than males during the second half of the race.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Alexa Agne, Danika A. Quesnel, Eneko Larumbe-Zabala, Hugo Olmedillas, Montserrat Graell-Berna, Margarita Perez-Ruiz, Maria Fernandez-del-Valle
Summary: This study aimed to examine the effects of progressive resistance exercise (PREx) on quality of life and body composition in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). The results showed that PREx after hospitalization can lead to significant improvements in quality of life and positive changes in certain body composition variables without adverse effects on weight recovery.
COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Oscar Guillermo Perez-Martin, Ana Hernandez-Aceituno, Maria Mercedes Dorta-Espineira, Laura Garcia-Hernandez, Eneko Larumbe-Zabala
Summary: This study presents an unusual case of monkeypox infection, where a patient simultaneously showed skin lesions at three different stages of evolution in the same location. Contrary to expectations, this unique clinical presentation highlights the importance for physicians to be vigilant of atypical initial symptoms and lesion evolution, and to conduct comprehensive epidemiological surveys.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Iker Munoz-Perez, Adrian Varela-Sanz, Carlos Lago-Fuentes, Ruben Navarro-Paton, Marcos Mecias-Calvo
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the autonomic nervous system activity and muscle activation status before and after a trail running competition. The results showed that participants experienced fatigue before the competition and required 20-30 minutes for muscular recovery. These findings indicate that training periodization and tapering strategies can reduce pre-competition fatigue status.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Monica Castillo, Jose Miguel Martinez-Sanz, Alfonso Penichet-Tomas, Sergio Selles, Estela Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Jose Antonio Hurtado-Sanchez, Isabel Sospedra
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between body composition and physical and physiological performance parameters in female futsal players. The results show that agility is negatively correlated with fat component, while muscle component is positively correlated with aerobic capacity, agility, speed, and jump ability.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Diego Moreno-Perez, Alvaro Lopez-Samanes, Mar Larrosa, Eneko Larumbe-Zabala, Aitor Centeno, Justin Roberts, Fernando Naclerio
Summary: This study compared the effects of ingesting a combined protein-carbohydrate supplement vs. a carbohydrate-only supplement on immune inflammation markers in endurance athletes after a 10-week periodized training program. The results showed that ingesting a protein-carbohydrate combined supplement promoted a more favorable immune status compared to carbohydrate-only ingestion.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Manuel Mosqueira-Ourens, Iker Munoz-Perez, Jose Luis Tuimil, Martin Saleta-Cobos, Adrian Varela-Sanz
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the initial foot contact and contact time in experienced endurance runners at individualized speeds, in running shoes and barefoot. The results suggest that runners with higher performance may benefit from training in minimalist running shoes because their foot contact pattern could tend towards a non-rearfoot strike.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Roberto Cejuela, Sergio Selles-Perez
Summary: This study provides a case study analysis of training and performance characteristics of two male elite triathletes over multiple seasons. The findings show that the athletes improved their performance over the seasons by increasing training load, improving physiological variables, and gaining experience in international events.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria C. Rodriguez-Jimenez, David Perez Jorge, Ana I. Gonzalez-Contreras, Eneko Larumbe Zabala
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in the education sector, requiring students, families, and teachers to adapt to a new reality. This particularly affects students with special educational needs. This study developed and validated a questionnaire to assess the impact of online training on teachers of these students, demonstrating good validity and reliability. The questionnaire can be used to evaluate the effects of educational interventions involving technology and can be adapted to similar situations or educational settings.