Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Pablo M. Altamirano, Mariano A. Kappes, Martin A. Rodriguez
Summary: The double loop-electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) method is used to estimate the degree of sensitization in stainless steels. The method is affected by various metallurgical and testing environment variables. The study found that inclusion content and cold work influenced the results of the DL-EPR test. The testing solution used was sulfuric acid and potassium thiocyanate solution, commonly prepared fresh and used under deaerated conditions.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sunil Kumar Bonagani, Vivekanand Kain, N. Naveen Kumar, Harish Donthula
Summary: The study found that slow cooling is highly detrimental to intergranular corrosion (IGC), and air-cooled conditions exhibit higher corrosion susceptibility in DL-EPR and immersion tests.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bo Gao, Tao Xu, Li Wang, Yi Liu, Junliang Liu, Yaping Zhang, Yudong Sui, Wenwen Sun, Xuefei Chen, Xiaofeng Li, Lirong Xiao, Hao Zhou
Summary: The mechanical and electrochemical properties of AISI420 martensitic stainless steels tempered at different temperatures (200, 400, and 600 degrees C) were systematically investigated. It was found that tempering at 200 degrees C resulted in superior strength-ductility synergy.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xin Song, Yong Hu, Zhijie Yan, Huiping Qi
Summary: This study investigated the effect of quenching-tempering and partitioning temperature on the corrosion resistance of 6Cr13 martensitic stainless steel. The results showed that tempering and partitioning could improve the stability of retained austenite, leading to enhanced corrosion resistance. However, the corrosion resistance decreased with further increase in heat treatment temperature.
MATERIALS AND CORROSION-WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Khashayar Morshed-Behbahani, Pooria Najafisayar, Nika Zakerin, Mahmoud Pakshir
Summary: The study revealed that the sensitivity of AISI 410 stainless steel to intergranular corrosion (IGC) was affected by sensitization heat treatment, with longer tempering time leading to more severe localized attack but also a healing effect. Additionally, electrochemical noise and potentiodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are useful techniques for investigating the corrosion susceptibility of the alloy.
MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jose C. de Lacerda, Lucas L. de Freitas, Rogerio F. Brito, Francisco Moura Filho, Ricardo L. P. Teixeira
Summary: The study found that the 0.4% Mo austenitic stainless steel is more susceptible to sensitization and intergranular corrosion compared to the UNS S31803 duplex stainless steel. Additionally, heat treatment at 900 degrees Celsius resulted in a higher degree of sensitization for both steels.
MATERIALS RESEARCH-IBERO-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Maria Sofia Hazarabedian, Md Zakaria Quadir, Mariano Iannuzzi
Summary: This study developed a double-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) test based on Cr and Mo depletion to quantify the extent of grain boundary precipitation in Alloy 725. The new approach was shown to be highly reproducible and sensitive in detecting small amounts of grain boundary phases. Additionally, the method revealed clear microstructural inhomogeneities across the thickness of the bars, with increasing inhomogeneities observed with larger bar diameters.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Menghao Liu, Zhigao Wang, Fangyuan Lu, Cuiwei Du, Xiaogang Li
Summary: This study investigates the failure cause of a cracked 304SS nut exposed to a rural atmosphere. The analysis of crack morphology and corrosion products reveals that intergranular corrosion cracking is the primary failure mode. The excessive amounts of carbon and sulfur in the material significantly reduce its corrosion resistance and toughness, leading to the failure. It is demonstrated that failure of 304SS can occur even in a mild environment as long as the material is sensitized.
ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Guanqun Ma, Wen Xian, Hongyun Bi, Moucheng Li
Summary: The sensitization characteristics of 310S stainless steel were investigated after aging at 500 to 900 degrees C for less than 60 min, showing varying degrees of sensitization depending on the aging temperature and time.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Neelima Khare, Sunil Kumar Bonagani, P. K. Limaye, Vivekanand Kain
Summary: This study systematically investigated the influence of pre-intergranular corrosion (IGC) damage and IGC damage during sliding on the tribology behavior of tempered 13Cr martensitic stainless steel. The results showed that the coefficient of friction and specific wear rate were lower in IGC attacked conditions compared to unattacked conditions, irrespective of lubrication. Mechanical polishing type wear mechanism was observed in nitric acid sliding conditions, while severe abrasive and severe adhesion plus oxidation wear mechanisms were observed in dry sliding conditions of unattacked and IGC attacked conditions, respectively. The study also emphasized the importance of considering subsurface characterization in studying the tribocorrosion behavior of stainless steels in IGC prone conditions.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Yan Long, Wenchun Jiang, Gang Chen, Jinheng Luo, Yujie Fan, Qiang Jin, Junfeng Xie, Yaorong Feng, Jianfeng Xie
Summary: This study investigated the causes of corrosion on a 13Cr gate valve using weld deposited gate and seat after approximately sixteen months of service in a Chinese oilfield, which resulted in leakage failure. The corrosion was found to be related to galvanic corrosion between the 304 SS ring gasket and 13Cr SS ring groove on the sealing surface of the valve body, due to a significant potential difference in the acid environment. Additionally, the diffusion of carbon elements from deposits during spray welding led to the formation of chromium-enriched carbides at the prior austenite grain boundaries in the 13Cr SS matrix side, further inducing intergranular corrosion and cracking along the interface in service.
ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Niklas Sommer, Clementine Warres, Tarek Lutz, Martin Kahlmeyer, Stefan Boehm
Summary: The intergranular corrosion of ferritic stainless-steel weldments is affected by chromium carbide precipitation. Stabilization can mitigate this precipitation, but not prevent intergranular corrosion entirely. Titanium stabilization prevents chromium segregation, but corrosion tests reveal different corrosion mechanisms.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Li Sun, Yangting Sun, Chenxi Lv, Yuanyuan Liu, Nianwei Dai, Yiming Jiang, Jin Li, Digby D. Macdonald
Summary: Thermal aging of hyper-duplex stainless steel (HDSS) 2707 at 900 degrees C for up to 26 hours has been found to affect the degree of sensitization, which initially increases rapidly before reaching a peak at 10 hours due to self-healing mechanisms involving Cr and Mo diffusion.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Menghao Liu, Zhuoyan Ni, Cuiwei Du, Zhiyong Liu, Meihui Sun, Endian Fan, Qiuyu Wang, Xiaojia Yang, Xiaogang Li
Summary: The investigation revealed that the failure of a heavily cracked geothermal water convection tube was caused by stress corrosion cracking induced by chloride in the service environment and sensitization of the matrix. Additionally, residual stress arising from the manufacturing process also promoted the failure process.
ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yiqi Zhou, Dirk Lars Engelberg
Summary: Studies have shown that the corrosion behavior of martensitic stainless steel varies under different tempering heat treatment conditions, with the 250 degrees C tempering treatment exhibiting the highest corrosion resistance and hardness value.
MATERIALS AND CORROSION-WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vivekanand Dubey, Supratik Roychowdhury, Vivekanand Kain
MATERIALS AND CORROSION-WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION
(2018)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Vivekanand Dubey, Vivekanand Kain
MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
(2018)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sunil Kumar Bonagani, Vishwanadh Bathula, Vivekanand Kain
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. K. Sonber, T. S. R. Ch. Murthy, K. Sairam, A. Nagaraj, S. Majumdar, V. Kain
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2018)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. K. Sonber, K. Raju, T. S. R. Ch. Murthy, K. Sairam, A. Nagaraj, Sanjib Majumdar, Vivekanand Kain
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
S. Rajak, S. K. Ghosh, J. Varshney, A. Srivastava, R. Tewari, V. Kain
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2018)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
K. Raju, J. K. Sonber, T. S. R. Ch. Murthy, K. Sairam, S. Majumdar, V. Kain, G. V. S. Nageswar Rao
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
(2018)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tenneti Sharma, Sunil Kumar Bonagani, N. Naveen Kumar, I Samajdar, V Kain
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2018)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
N. Srinivasan, B. Sunil Kumar, V. Kain, N. Birbilis, S. S. Joshi, P. V. Sivaprasad, G. Chai, A. Durgaprasad, S. Bhattacharya, I. Samajdar
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2018)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
K. Chandra, A. P. Singh, Vivekanand Kain, Niraj Kumar
ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
(2018)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. Bhattacharya, Geogy J. Abraham, Abhishek Mishra, Vivekanand Kain, G. K. Dey
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sanjay Kumar, Yoshitsugu Kojima, Vivekanand Kain
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Gargi Choudhuri, Prerna Mishra, S. Basu, N. Gayathri, P. Mukherjee, V. Kain, D. Mukherjee, D. Srivastava, G. K. Dey
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
T. S. R. Ch. Murthy, Sairam Ankata, J. K. Sonber, K. Sairam, Kulwant Singh, A. Nagaraj, P. Sengupta, R. D. Bedse, Sanjib Majumdar, Vivekanand Kain