Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hernan Guillermo Hernandez, Gloria Cristina Aranzazu-Moya, Efrain Hernando Pinzon-Reyes
Summary: The objective of this study was to identify DNA methylation patterns of heavy smokers in oral rinse samples. Genome-wide DNA methylation data from Gene Expression Omnibus GSE70977 was analyzed, including 71 epigenomes of cancer-free subjects and 139 oral-cancer patients' epigenomes. Differential DNA methylation was determined using bioinformatics packages, and candidate biomarker genes were identified. The results suggest that AHRR, ADAMTS2, and FAM184B genes may serve as biomarkers in oral rinse samples of heavy smokers.
Article
Polymer Science
Maria Martinez-Olcina, Laura Miralles-Amoros, Nuria Asencio-Mas, Manuel Vicente-Martinez, Rodrigo Yanez-Sepulveda, Alejandro Martinez-Rodriguez
Summary: This study examined the effects of glucose and mouthwash in training and found that glucose intake correlates positively with mood but has no significant impact on other variables.
Article
Sport Sciences
Michael S. Green, Cody S. Kimmel, Tyler D. Martin, James G. Mouser, Madison P. Brune
Summary: This study found no significant effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse on repetitions to fatigue, rating of perceived exertion, pleasure-displeasure, postexercise blood glucose and lactate levels during upper-body resistance exercise.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Salil Bapat, Ramesh Nagarajappa, Gayathri Ramesh, Kruti Bapat
Summary: The study concluded that propolis mouth rinse was as effective as Chlorhexidine mouthwash in reducing oral pathogens, plaque, gingivitis, and dental caries. The results suggest the potential use of propolis in oral care.
CLINICAL ORAL INVESTIGATIONS
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Apichaya Jiemkim, Thipawan Tharapiwattananon, Siriporn Songsiripradubboon
Summary: This study compares the protective effects of commercial stannous-containing mouth rinses on enamel erosion in a simulated 5-day in vitro cycling model. The study found that adding a high concentration stannous mouth rinse increases the protective effect against enamel erosion.
CLINICAL ORAL INVESTIGATIONS
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Paulo Eduardo Assis Pereira, Paulo Azevedo, Katia Azevedo, Warleyson Azevedo, Marco Machado
Summary: The study found that both caffeine supplementation and carbohydrate mouth rinse can improve performance in resistance training, but there is no additional effect when caffeine is combined with carbohydrates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adrian Nieto, Vicente Chirivella, Miguel Peris
Summary: This study demonstrates that using hydrogen peroxide as a mouthwash can reduce the level of alcohol detected in a breathalyzer test.
Article
Sport Sciences
Asako Shirai, Tsuyoshi Wadazumi, Yoko Hirata, Naomi Hamada, Nobuko Hongu
Summary: This study found that mouth rinsing and spraying with carbohydrate solutions can improve endurance performance, especially during ultra-high intensity intermittent exercise.
Article
Neurosciences
Stephen P. Bailey, G. Keith Harris, Kaitlin Lewis, Tracy A. Llewellyn, Ruth Watkins, Mark A. Weaver, Bart Roelands, Jeroen Van Cutsem, Stephen F. Folger
Summary: This study found that carbohydrate mouth rinse may help mitigate the reduction in corticomotor excitability after mental fatigue, potentially serving as a valuable tool to combat the negative consequences of mental fatigue.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Liang Sheng, Liangjing Yuan, Yunhai Jia, Lei Zhao, Xiaofen Zhang, Lei Yu, Qiaochu Zhang, Haizhou Wang
Summary: This study focuses on the uniformity of chemical composition and distribution of non-metallic inclusions and carbides in high-speed railway axles. A new Spark Mapping Analysis for Large Samples (SMALS) technique was developed for full-surface analysis of these axles. The results obtained were used to optimize the production process and showed satisfactory consistency with hardness tests and micro-beam X-ray fluorescence results.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2022)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeff Tollefson
Summary: Despite the implementation of the CHIPS and Science Act last year aimed at boosting innovation, a report predicts that Congress will reduce spending on science.
Article
Physiology
Harris Kamal Kamaruddin, Nor M. F. Farah, Abdul Rashid Aziz, Toby Mundel, Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether carbohydrate mouth rinsing can improve endurance running performance of tropical natives in a warm-humid environment. The results showed that both carbohydrate and placebo mouth rinsing provided an ergogenic benefit to running endurance in a heat stress environment.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Karen Hon, Sha Liu, Clare Cooksley, Sarah Vreugde, Alkis James Psaltis
Summary: This study investigates the efficacy of mupirocin dissolved in three commonly used sinus rinses in Australia, and suggests that the delivery of mupirocin via low pH FloCRS could be useful in eliminating S. aureus biofilms present on the sinus mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Felipe-Rodrigo Aguilera, Miguel Vinas, Josep M. Sierra, Teresa Vinuesa, Antonio R. Fernandez de Henestrosa, Marta Furmanczyk, Carles Trullas, Eric Jourdan, Jose Lopez-Lopez, Marta Jorba
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the substantivity of mouth-washing solutions based on CPC and O-cymen-5-ol. The results showed that the combination of CPC and O-cymen-5-ol exhibited significant substantivity after 4 hours, making it a potential alternative to triclosan and chlorhexidine-based mouth-rinses.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Ricardo Aristizabal-Sierra, Ana Maria Perez-Ceballos, Juan Marcelo Rojas-Arango, Edwin Lenin Chica-Arrieta
Summary: This paper presents the failure analysis of a metro train pivot. The analysis involves characterizing the material, conducting fractographic analysis, and developing a stress state model. The analysis reveals that the cracking is due to fatigue phenomenon and catastrophic failure is prevented by routine non-destructive inspection.
ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Physiology
R. Armstrong, V Baltzopoulos, C. Langan-Evans, D. Clark, J. Jarvis, C. Stewart, T. D. O'Brien
Summary: This study investigated the force-velocity relationship of isovelocity squatting. The findings showed large inter-participant variability in the ability to generate maximum eccentric forces during squatting, and the magnitude of eccentric increase above isometric cannot be predicted solely based on a concentric assessment. An assessment of eccentric capabilities may be required prior to prescribing eccentric-specific resistance training.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Andreas M. Kasper, Amy O'Donnell, Carl Langan-Evans, Adam Jones, Alex Lindsay, Andrew Murray, Graeme L. Close
Summary: This study assessed the impact of different golf club transportation methods on the activity energy expenditure of high-standard golfers. The results showed that using an electric trolley resulted in the lowest perceived exertion and maximum heart rate, while enjoyment did not differ significantly across the three conditions.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Mark A. Hearris, Jamie N. Pugh, Carl Langan-Evans, Stephen J. Mann, Louise Burke, Trent Stellingwerff, Javier T. Gonzalez, James P. Morton
Summary: We investigated the effects of different forms of carbohydrate intake on exogenous carbohydrate oxidation, gastrointestinal discomfort, and exercise capacity. The results showed that the peak rates of exogenous carbohydrate oxidation and oxidation efficiency were not significantly different across the different forms of carbohydrate intake. Participants reported minimal symptoms of gastrointestinal distress regardless of the form of carbohydrate intake. Additionally, exercise capacity was not significantly affected by the different forms of carbohydrate intake. These findings suggest that consuming 120 g/h of carbohydrate is a well-tolerated strategy to promote high carbohydrate availability during exercise.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Wee Lun Foo, Jake D. Harrison, Frank T. Mhizha, Carl Langan-Evans, James P. Morton, Jamie N. Pugh, Jose L. Areta
Summary: This study found that consuming a low-fiber diet for a short-term could lead to reductions in body weight. In addition, a low-fiber diet was associated with increased hunger, decreased stool frequency, and decreased stool softness. However, participants reported tolerability of the diet and willingness to repeat it.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Samuel J. McHaffie, Carl Langan-Evans, James C. Morehen, Juliette A. Strauss, Jose L. Areta, Christopher Rosimus, Martin Evans, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Colum J. Cronin, James P. Morton
Summary: This qualitative study explores the perceptions of players and stakeholders on the role of nutrition in supporting the development and performance of elite female soccer players. The results show that there is considerable confusion and misunderstanding among players and stakeholders regarding meeting energy requirements. This leads to under-fuelling among players, which is influenced by misconceptions about carbohydrate intake, fear of weight gain, and external pressures from social media and coaches. The lack of full-time professionally accredited nutritionists also exacerbates these cultural issues.
SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN FOOTBALL
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Harry L. Taylor, Giacomo Garabello, Jamie Pugh, James Morton, Carl Langan-Evans, Julien Louis, Reidar Borgersen, Jose L. Areta
Summary: The physiological effects of low energy availability (EA) have been studied in laboratory settings using a homogenous daily EA pattern. However, it is unclear whether this pattern represents that of free-living athletes and has ecological validity. This study investigated the daily exercise energy expenditure, energy intake, and EA of 10 free-living elite male road cyclists during 7 consecutive days of training. The results show that energy intake only partially compensates for exercise energy expenditure, and the EA pattern fluctuates significantly from day to day.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Carl Langan-Evans, Mark A. Hearris, Chloe Gallagher, Stephen Long, Craig Thomas, Andrew D. Moss, William Cheung, Glyn Howatson, James P. Morton
Summary: This study aimed to test the effects of a novel nutritional blend on subjective and objective measures of sleep. The results showed that the blend reduced sleep onset latency, increased total sleep time and sleep efficiency, and reduced morning sleepiness.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Richard Armstrong, Vasilios Baltzopoulos, Carl Langan-Evans, Dave Clark, Jonathan Jarvis, Claire Stewart, Thomas O'Brien
Summary: This study investigated the effects of accentuated-eccentric loading (AEL) squatting on joint loading and muscle activity of the lower limbs. The results suggest that AEL squatting preferentially loads the knee extensors. As the eccentric load increased, the work performed during the eccentric phase of the squat also increased, indicating a potential cause for adaptations from AEL. Further studies are needed to confirm the long-term training effects of AEL.
Article
Physiology
Vincent Baribeau, Christopher Kirk, Danny Q. Le, Arjun Bose, Ariel Mueller, Duncan French, Todd Sarge, Carl Langan-Evans, Reid Reale, Kadhiresan R. Murugappan
Summary: This study investigates the impact of rapid weight loss and gain on the success of combat-sport athletes. The results show that the amount of weight gained and the weight differential between opponents can influence the outcomes of matches, with a greater weight gain associated with a higher likelihood of victory.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Samuel J. J. McHaffie, Carl Langan-Evans, James C. C. Morehen, Juliette A. A. Strauss, Jose L. Areta, Christopher Rosimus, Martin Evans, Kirsty J. J. Elliott-Sale, Colum J. J. Cronin, James P. P. Morton
Summary: This qualitative study explores the perceptions of player and stakeholders regarding menstrual health support in elite female soccer. The results show that elite female soccer players experience physical and psychological symptoms during menstruation, which are perceived to impact their performance. However, menstrual health support is minimal and there is confusion among players and stakeholders about its purpose. The lack of support may be due to a culture where discussions about menstrual health are not normalized. The study supports the need for personalized support based on the experiences of individual players and calls for education programs led by experts in female athlete health.
SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN FOOTBALL
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
George Wilson, Carl Langan-Evans, Dan Martin, Andreas M. Kasper, James P. Morton, Graeme L. Close
Summary: By increasing daily food frequency, short-term improvements in body composition of jockeys were observed and could be maintained during free-living conditions. Over a 5-year period, jockeys reduced fat mass, maintained fat-free mass, increased resting metabolic rate, and improved hydration. This suggests that with appropriate guidance, body composition improvements can be sustained in free-living jockeys.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Carl Langan-Evans, Mark A. Hearris, Stephen McQuilliam, Louise M. Burke, Trent Stellingwerff, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, James P. Morton
Summary: The aim of this study was to examine hormonal contraceptive use, menstrual cycle characteristics, and training/nutrition profiles in pre-menopausal women with different athletic and exercise backgrounds. A survey was conducted on elite, sub-elite, and amateur female athletes and exercisers. The results showed similar hormonal contraceptive use across all three groups (34-44%). Menstrual cycle length did not vary significantly between competitive levels, but 66% of respondents reported cycle variability. Training profiles were different across competitive groups, but not based on contraceptive status. Daily meal/snack intakes did not differ based on contraceptive status, but elite and sub-elite groups reported higher daily meal consumption compared to amateurs. 40% of respondents skipped meals, with reasons including lack of time, schedule, and changes in appetite. Changes in taste preferences and cravings for sweet foods were reported during pre-menses and menses. The use of dietary supplements was not influenced by contraceptive status, but elite athletes reported higher use compared to amateurs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE & COACHING
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Julien D. Periard, Oliver Girard, Nathan Townsend, Pitre Bourdon, Scott Cocking, Mohammed Ihsan, Mathieu Lacome, David Nichols, Gavin Travers, Mathew G. Wilson, Julien Piscione, Sebastien Racinais
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a training camp with heat and/or hypoxia sessions on hematological and thermoregulatory adaptations. The results showed that blood and plasma volume increased following the camp. However, sleeping at altitude impeded the increase in hemoglobin mass and only marginally increased it when training in the heat.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Samuel J. McHaffie, Carl Langan-Evans, Juliette A. Strauss, Jose L. Areta, Christopher Rosimus, Martin Evans, Ruth Waghorn, James P. Morton
Summary: This study investigated the dietary practices and energy availability of adolescent female soccer players and found that their carbohydrate intake was inadequate during training and games, which may affect their performance. However, the prevalence of low energy availability among female team sport athletes may be overestimated.
Article
Sport Sciences
Craig Thomas, Carl Langan-Evans, Mark Germaine, Mario Artukovic, Helen Jones, Craig Whitworth-Turner, Graeme L. Close, Julien Louis
Summary: The purpose of this case report was to describe the sleep responses in a male combat sport athlete who was engaging in chronic and acute weight loss training. The findings suggest that the athlete's sleep was not significantly affected by the low energy availability state during the training period.
FRONTIERS IN SPORTS AND ACTIVE LIVING
(2023)