Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marco A. Molina-Montenegro, Claudia Egas, Gabriel Ballesteros, Ian S. Acuna-Rodriguez, Filoromo San Martin, Ernesto Gianoli
Summary: Solar activity has a significant impact on tree growth and gene expression in plants. A study conducted in South-Central Chile found that tree growth is slower during periods of maximum solar activity, with a more pronounced effect in areas with higher levels of UV-B radiation. Higher levels of UV-B radiation result in decreased ecophysiological traits and repression of gene expression in plants.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hisashi Hayakawa, Shoma Uneme, Bruno P. Besser, Tomoya Iju, Shinsuke Imada
Summary: The study analyzed sunspot observations by Stephan Prantner from 1804 to 1844, revealing more data than previously estimated and providing important insights into the Dalton Minimum. The results emphasized the differences between the Dalton Minimum and the Maunder Minimum, as well as the similarities between the Dalton Minimum and weak solar cycles in modern observations.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
S. Bayo-Besteiro, L. de la Torre, X. Costoya, M. Gomez-Gesteira, A. Perez-Alarcon, M. deCastro, J. A. Anel
Summary: The impact of climate change on the photovoltaic solar power resource in the Atacama desert has been studied using regional climate models. The study finds that under different scenarios, there will be reductions in PVres, with changes in downwelling shortwave radiation being the largest contributing factor. Climate change is expected to lead to a decrease in PVres in the region.
Article
Forestry
Abd Razak Siti Nurfaeiza, Wan Ahmad Wan Juliana, Khamis Shamsul, Md Nor Shukor
Summary: The present study investigates the effects of light irradiance and nutrient addition on the growth and photosynthetic capacity of two dipterocarp species seedlings. The results show that 30% irradiance and vermicompost addition promote growth performance. S. leprosula has better growth performance and photosynthetic characteristics compared to S. acuminata under different light irradiance and nutrient amendments.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Seokhyeon Kim, Ashish Sharma, Conrad Wasko, Rory Nathan
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between extreme precipitation (EP) and precipitable water (W) at a global scale. The results show that W is positively correlated with surface temperature, especially in tropical land regions. The influence of W on EP decreases as the duration of EP becomes longer, and the contrast in the W-EP relationship between the tropics and nontropics becomes more pronounced.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xinxin Wu, Xuezhi Tan, Bingjun Liu, Han Chen, Xiaohong Chen
Summary: Precipitation in China is influenced by various weather systems, including tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones, and fronts. The contributions of these weather systems to the total precipitation vary and change in different seasons and regions.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Economics
Xiaohang Ren, Xiao Zhang, Cheng Yan, Giray Gozgor
Summary: Using data from 2605 Chinese A-share listed companies, this study finds that climate policy uncertainty has a negative impact on firm-level total factor productivity (TFP), especially for low-productivity, non-state-owned, labor-intensive, and capital-intensive firms. Furthermore, climate policy uncertainty hinders research and development investment and reduces free cash flow. The findings emphasize the importance of introducing forward-looking climate policies to mitigate the negative impact of policy uncertainty.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Werner K. Schmutz
Summary: The study suggests that the Little Ice Age was forced by variations in TSI, indicating a global climatic solar forcing impact. However, the exact extent of the impact of solar irradiance variations on global temperature remains uncertain.
JOURNAL OF SPACE WEATHER AND SPACE CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eric Post, Elina Kaarlejarvi, Marc Macias-Fauria, David A. Watts, Pernille Sporon Boving, Sean M. P. Cahoon, R. Conor Higgins, Christian John, Jeffrey T. Kerby, Christian Pedersen, Mason Post, Patrick F. Sullivan
Summary: Biodiversity is declining globally, including in the Arctic tundra where a 15-year experiment showed a decline in diversity of plants, fungi, and lichens. However, the decline was slower in the presence of large herbivores, which has implications for efforts to mitigate the impact of climate warming on tundra diversity.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Steven Dewitte, Jan Cornelis, Mustapha Meftah
Summary: This study analyzed the space measurements of Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) and derived a regression model to reproduce the daily variations of TSI. The reconstruction of TSI based on the Sunspot Number confirmed the existence of a 105-year Gleissberg cycle, with the TSI level of the current grand minimum only slightly higher than that of the 18th century.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Takahiro Oda, Jun'ya Takakura, Longlong Tang, Toshichika Iizumi, Norihiro Itsubo, Haruka Ohashi, Masashi Kiguchi, Naoko Kumano, Kiyoshi Takahashi, Masahiro Tanoue, Makoto Tamura, Qian Zhou, Naota Hanasaki, Tomoko Hasegawa, Chan Park, Yasuaki Hijioka, Yukiko Hirabayashi, Shinichiro Fujimori, Yasushi Honda, Tetsuya Matsui, Hiroyuki Matsuda, Hiromune Yokoki, Taikan Oki
Summary: This study estimates the aggregated cost of climate change by using an integrated assessment model and detailed-process-based climate impact models, along with different discount rates for market and non-market values. The results show that setting a lower discount rate for non-market value, i.e., a higher estimate for future value, makes the aggregated cost of achieving the Paris Agreement economically reasonable.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Thermodynamics
Javier Almorox, Cyril Voyant, Nadjem Bailek, Alban Kuriqi, J. A. Arnaldo
Summary: This study reviewed Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) and Solar Constant (SC), reevaluated them, and developed new seasonal radiation coefficient sets. It recommended using a TSI value of 1361 W m(-2) in solar radiation models for accuracy, highlighting the importance of local and seasonal calibration coefficients.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Firas Gerges, Michel C. Boufadel, Elie Bou-Zeid, Hani Nassif, Jason T. L. Wang
Summary: This paper proposes a novel Bayesian deep learning framework, DeepSI, to predict daily solar irradiance and leverage future climate simulations for long-term projections up to year 2099.
KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
David L. Dotson, Jerry Eddy, Peter Swan
Summary: Global climate action is a major challenge, requiring large-scale deployment of renewable energy sources. Space-based solar power and space elevators offer promising solutions, but issues such as launch frequency and environmental concerns need to be addressed.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Peter Butcherine, Alejandro Tagliafico, Sophia L. Ellis, Brendan P. Kelaher, Conor Hendrickson, Daniel Harrison
Summary: Coral reefs are facing declining health due to human activity and climate change. Shading can reduce the risk of coral bleaching. Research shows that shading corals for 4 hours can moderate light stress, delay bleaching, and some coral species are more responsive to shading.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lijing Cheng, John Abraham, Kevin E. Trenberth, John Fasullo, Tim Boyer, Michael E. Mann, Jiang Zhu, Fan Wang, Ricardo Locarnini, Yuanlong Li, Bin Zhang, Fujiang Yu, Liying Wan, Xingrong Chen, Licheng Feng, Xiangzhou Song, Yulong Liu, Franco Reseghetti, Simona Simoncelli, Viktor Gouretski, Gengxin Chen, Alexey Mishonov, Jim Reagan, Guancheng Li
Summary: Changes in ocean heat content, salinity, and stratification serve as critical indicators for Earth's energy and water cycles, which have been significantly impacted by human activities and greenhouse gas emissions. The year 2022 witnessed the highest ocean heat content on record, surpassing the previous maximum. The salinity-contrast index also reached a record high, indicating an intensification of the global hydrological cycle. Regional oceanic changes were driven by a strong La Nina event, and the global upper-ocean stratification continued to increase, ranking among the top seven in 2022.
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Andrew P. Schurer, Gabriele C. Hegerl, Hugues Goosse, Massimo A. Bollasina, Matthew H. England, Doug M. Smith, Simon F. B. Tett
Summary: The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has a significant impact on wintertime climate over the North Atlantic and surrounding regions. Observations show that the NAO displays larger multi-decadal variability compared to most climate models. To understand the role of NAO as a driver of multi-decadal climate variability, simulations were conducted using a data-assimilation technique. The results reveal that NAO variability leads to substantial multi-decadal trends in temperature, precipitation, and sea-ice concentration, particularly in the Atlantic subpolar gyre region.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Luke Barnard, Mathew Owens, Chris Scott, Matthew Lang, Mike Lockwood
Summary: We present SIR-HUXt, an integration of a sequential importance resampling data assimilation scheme with the HUXt solar wind model. SIR-HUXt assimilates the time-elongation profiles of Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) fronts and performs well in a simple synthetic CME scenario.
SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ilya G. Usoskin
Summary: In this article, the authors review the current understanding of long-term solar activity on a multi-millennial timescale through indirect proxy methods. The concept of solar activity is explained, along with an overview of indices used to quantify different aspects of variable solar activity, with a focus on sunspot numbers. The historical development and modern state of proxy-based reconstructions of past solar activity are discussed, emphasizing the use of cosmogenic isotopes C-14 and Be-10. The article concludes with the main features of long-term solar magnetic activity and their implications for solar/stellar dynamo theory.
LIVING REVIEWS IN SOLAR PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. Lockwood
Summary: The study compares the IAGA-endorsed Polar Cap Indices (PCN and PCS) for the northern and southern hemispheres from 1998 to 2018. The effects of different magnetic coordinates of the two stations, Thule in Greenland and Vostok in Antarctica, are investigated. The results show that PCS consistently correlates slightly better with solar wind parameters than PCN, and the correlations are highest for the predicted magnetopause reconnection voltage.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nicholas Larsen, Alexander Mishev, Ilya Usoskin
Summary: We introduce a new open-source tool OTSO for modeling cosmic ray propagation in the Earth's geomagnetosphere and demonstrate its application in several events. Comparison with widely used tools and validation show good agreement. The tool is also used to provide necessary background for analyzing two notable ground-level enhancements.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
John T. Fasullo, Nan Rosenbloom, Rebecca Buchholz
Summary: The study estimated the climate response to biomass burning emissions from the 2019-2020 Australian wildfire season using CESM2 model. The results showed that the increase in biomass aerosol burdens due to the fires affected cloud albedo, surface temperature, and atmospheric circulation in the southern hemisphere. These changes may have an important contribution to the strong La Nina events in 2020-2022.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yutian Chi, Chenglong Shen, Junyan Liu, Zhihui Zhong, Mathew Owens, Christopher Scott, Luke Barnard, Bingkun Yu, Daniel Heyner, Hans-Ulrich Auster, Ingo Richter, Yuming Wang, Tielong Zhang, Jingnan Guo, Beatriz Sanchez-Cano, Zonghao Pan, Zhuxuan Zou, Mengjiao Xu, Long Cheng, Zhenpeng Su, Dongwei Mao, Zhiyong Zhang, Can Wang, Zhiyong Wu, Guoqiang Wang, Sudong Xiao, Kai Liu, Xinjun Hao, Yiren Li, Manming Chen, Mike Lockwood
Summary: This study reports two multipoint interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) detected by the Tianwen-1 and Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution spacecraft at Mars, and the BepiColombo spacecraft upstream of Mars. The findings highlight the importance of background solar wind in determining the interplanetary evolution and global morphology of ICMEs up to Mars distance. Observations from multiple locations are invaluable for space weather studies at Mars and merit more exploration in the future.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Stephanie L. Yardley, Christopher J. Owen, David M. Long, Deborah Baker, David H. Brooks, Vanessa Polito, Lucie M. Green, Sarah Matthews, Mathew Owens, Mike Lockwood, David Stansby, Alexander W. James, Gherardo Valori, Alessandra Giunta, Miho Janvier, Nawin Ngampoopun, Teodora Mihailescu, Andy S. H. To, Lidia van Driel-Gesztelyi, Pascal Demoulin, Raffaella D'Amicis, Ryan J. French, Gabriel H. H. Suen, Alexis P. Rouillard, Rui F. Pinto, Victor Reville, Christopher J. Watson, Andrew P. Walsh, Anik De Groof, David R. Williams, Ioannis Zouganelis, Daniel Mueller, David Berghmans, Frederic Auchere, Louise Harra, Udo Schuehle, Krysztof Barczynski, Eric Buchlin, Regina Aznar Cuadrado, Emil Kraaikamp, Sudip Mandal, Susanna Parenti, Hardi Peter, Luciano Rodriguez, Conrad Schwanitz, Phil Smith, Luca Teriaca, Cis Verbeeck, Andrei N. Zhukov, Bart De Pontieu, Tim Horbury, Sami K. Solanki, Jose Carlos del Toro Iniesta, Joachim Woch, Achim Gandorfer, Johann Hirzberger, David Orozco Suarez, Thierry Appourchaux, Daniele Calchetti, Jonas Sinjan, Fatima Kahil, Kinga Albert, Reiner Volkmer, Mats Carlsson, Andrzej Fludra, Don Hassler, Martin Caldwell, Terje Fredvik, Tim Grundy, Steve Guest, Margit Haberreiter, Sarah Leeks, Gabriel Pelouze, Joseph Plowman, Werner Schmutz, Sunil Sidher, William T. Thompson, Philippe Louarn, Andrei Federov
Summary: The Slow Wind SOOP was developed to utilize the instruments on board the Solar Orbiter mission to study the origin and formation of the slow solar wind. It successfully linked remote-sensing and in situ measurements of slow wind originating from magnetic field boundaries. Coordinated observation campaigns were conducted with Hinode and IRIS. The analysis showed that slow wind from two target regions arrived at the spacecraft with velocities between 210 and 600 km/s.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES
(2023)
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Aimee Norton, Rachel Howe, Lisa Upton, Ilya Usoskin
Summary: This article describes the defining observations of the solar cycle and their constraints on the dynamo processes within the Sun. It covers topics such as sunspot numbers, active region flux ranges and lifetimes, bipolar magnetic region tilt angles, Hale and Joy's law, and various other aspects.
SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ji-Eun Kim, Ryohei Yamaguchi, Keith B. Rodgers, Axel Timmermann, Sun-Seon Lee, Karl Stein, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Jean-Francois Lamarque, John T. Fasullo, Clara Deser, Nan Rosenbloom, Jim Edwards, Malte F. Stuecker
Summary: Climate model simulations CMIP6 show that the inhomogeneous biomass burning aerosol (BBA) emission dataset exhibits pronounced interannual variability from 1997-2014 due to satellite data infusion. CESM2-LE experiments demonstrate that the CMIP6 data inhomogeneity induces spurious decadal subarctic land warming. This is caused by increased solar radiation triggering permafrost thawing, soil drying, and subsequent surface warming during years with reduced aerosol concentrations.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lucie J. Lucke, Andrew P. Schurer, Matthew Toohey, Lauren R. Marshall, Gabriele C. Hegerl
Summary: In this study, we examine the impact of uncertainties in solar and volcanic forcing records on large-scale temperature variations over the past millennium using a two-box impulse response model. We utilize different published solar forcing records and introduce a new volcanic forcing ensemble that accounts for random uncertainties in eruption dating and sulfur injection amount. Our simulations are compared with proxy reconstructions and show that low solar forcing is most consistent with all the proxy reconstructions, even when volcanic uncertainty is taken into account. We also find that volcanic forcing uncertainty leads to a significant spread in the temperature response, particularly during periods of peak forcing, and can partly explain discrepancies between proxy reconstructions and model simulations.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Andrew P. Schurer, Gabriele C. Hegerl, Hugues Goosse, Massimo A. Bollasina, Matthew H. England, Michael J. Mineter, Doug M. Smith, Simon F. B. Tett
Summary: Climate models can accurately simulate the most important modes of climate variability, but cannot predict their observed time evolution. This creates uncertainty in estimates of forced change and makes direct comparison between observed and simulated variability difficult. this research investigates the role of three climate variability modes since 1781, evaluating their evolution and how they mask or enhance forced climate trends. The results show that assimilating these modes improves the accuracy of simulations in many regions and reconciles simulated and observed cooling after volcanic eruptions.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Manoj Joshi, Robert A. Hall, David P. Stevens, Ed Hawkins
Summary: The 18.6-year lunar nodal cycle has a global effect on climate, with cyclic signals observed in surface air temperature, ocean heat uptake, and mean sea level pressure. The timing of anomalies in surface air temperature and heat uptake is consistent with the global warming slowdown in the early 21st century. The lunar nodal cycle is expected to contribute negatively to global temperature in the mid-2020s, reducing uncertainty in the projected time to reach 1.5 degrees C above pre-industrial levels.
EARTH SYSTEM DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ed Hawkins, Philip Brohan, Samantha N. Burgess, Stephen Burt, Gilbert P. Compo, Suzanne L. Gray, Ivan D. Haigh, Hans Hersbach, Kiki Kuijjer, Oscar Martinez-Alvarado, Chesley McColl, Andrew P. Schurer, Laura Slivinski, Joanne Williams
Summary: Billions of historical climatological observations stored in archives can transform our understanding of historical climate variations, including extreme weather events, if converted from paper to digital. By rescuing and assimilating atmospheric pressure observations from February 1903, the severity of a windstorm during that time was accurately represented, with winds stronger than modern events. The combination of historical observations and modern techniques enables the reconstruction of a windstorm and storm surge over 100 years ago, improving risk assessments for extreme weather.
NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
(2023)