Review
Plant Sciences
Lisha Zhang, Chenlei Hua, Denis Janocha, Judith Fliegmann, Thorsten Nuernberger
Summary: Plants use both surface resident and intracellular immune receptors to defend against microbial infections. The contribution of these receptors to plant immunity varies in space and time. The discovery of new plant cell surface immune receptors and their microbial ligands reveals a previously unknown complexity of plant surface sensors involved in the detection of specific microbial species. Comparative analyses suggest that plants have a larger number of species-specific surface receptors in addition to a few widely distributed pattern sensors. Leucine-rich repeat surface and intracellular immune receptors are two polymorphic classes whose evolutionary trajectories are linked, indicating their cooperativity in providing full plant immunity.
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Saquib Waheed, Muhammad Anwar, Muhammad Asif Saleem, Jinsong Wu, Muhammad Tayyab, Zhangli Hu
Summary: Plants have an innate immune system to defend against pathogen infections, involving complex molecular networks and gene expression regulation. Small RNAs play versatile roles in plant growth, development, and immunity, including PTI and ETI. However, the specific contribution of small RNAs in plant immunity against pathogens is still limited in available information.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Quang-Minh Nguyen, Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto, Geon Hui Son, Sang Hee Kim
Summary: Plants rely on multiple immune systems for protection from pathogens. Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) provides stronger defense, with resistance proteins playing a key role. Recent studies have revealed crosstalk and cooperation between pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and ETI.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jia Guo, Yulin Cheng
Summary: Fungal elicitors play an important role in plant immunity and are significant for controlling plant diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Biao Gu, Wenxin Gao, Zeqi Liu, Guangda Shao, Qin Peng, Yinyu Mu, Qinhu Wang, Hua Zhao, Jianqiang Miao, Xili Liu
Summary: As a destructive plant pathogen, Phytophthora infestans secretes specific proteins called RxLR effectors that facilitate infection. One of these effectors, PiAvr3b, causes a specific immune response and also suppresses the general immune response. The molecular basis of these dual activities has been unknown, but this study found that specific amino acids in PiAvr3b were responsible for both activities. The localization of PiAv3b within the cell also plays a role in its ability to stimulate or suppress immune responses.
MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Uday Chand Jha, Harsh Nayyar, Anirudha Chattopadhyay, Radha Beena, Ajaz A. A. Lone, Yogesh Dashrath Naik, Mahendar Thudi, Pagadala Venkata Vara Prasad, Sanjeev Gupta, Girish Prasad Dixit, Kadambot H. M. Siddique
Summary: This review discusses the potential of exploring naturally resistant grain legume genotypes within germplasm, landraces, and crop wild relatives as an economically viable and eco-environmentally friendly solution to reduce yield losses caused by viral diseases. Advances in molecular marker technology and genomic resources have facilitated the identification of genomic regions controlling viral disease resistance in grain legumes, and functional genomics have helped unravel the underlying candidate genes and their roles in viral disease resistance. The review also examines the progress in genetic engineering-based strategies and emerging biotechnological tools for creating virus-resistant grain legumes, as well as the prospects and limitations of cutting-edge breeding technologies in ensuring global food security.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
You Lu, Kenichi Tsuda
Summary: The review discusses the recognition mechanisms of microbes by plants through PRRs and NLRs, as well as the crosstalk between the signals mediated by these receptors. It also proposes hypotheses for guiding further research on key topics in this field.
MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Weiwei Rao, Li Wan, Ertao Wang
Summary: Soybean (Glycine max) is a crucial commercial crop worldwide, hosting a wide range of microbes including both pathogens and symbionts. Understanding soybean-microbe interactions and immune mechanisms is vital for plant protection. However, research on soybean immunity lags behind that on model plants such as Arabidopsis and rice. This review summarizes the shared and unique mechanisms in plant immunity and pathogen effectors between soybean and Arabidopsis, providing insights for future soybean immunity research and disease resistance engineering.
MOLECULAR BREEDING
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jitendra Kumar, Ayyagari Ramlal, Kamal Kumar, Anita Rani, Vachaspati Mishra
Summary: Phytopathogens, such as biotrophs, hemibiotrophs, and necrotrophs, pose serious stress on host plants, which need to develop immunity to counter these attacks. Plants utilize pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) to recognize and combat phytopathogens.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Shambhavi Sharma, Susmita Sett, Tuhin Das, Ashish Prasad, Manoj Prasad
Summary: Plants in natural habitats face biotrophic or necrotrophic pathogenic exploitation. They have evolved defense systems to rapidly perceive pathogenic effectors and initiate cellular reprogramming to confine pathogen entry. Non-coding RNAs, including miRNAs, siRNAs, lncRNAs, and phasi-RNAs, have been found to fine-tune plant defense responses by targeting signaling pathways. This review discusses the role of non-coding RNAs in defense against virus, bacteria, and fungus attacks and provides insights to develop innovative strategies against resistant-breaking pathogens.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Agronomy
Brett Hale, Edward Brown, Asela Wijeratne
Summary: Filamentous disease-causing agents, like fungi and oomycetes, are a diverse group of plant pathogens that threaten crop production. Phytophthora sojae, a pathogenic oomycete causing root and stem rot in soybean, poses a significant challenge to disease prevention due to the expansion of diverse pathotypes and climate variability. Understanding the molecular features governing the soybean-P. sojae interaction is crucial for preserving soybean yield.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shen Cong, Jun-Zhou Li, Zheng-Zhong Xiong, Hai-Lei Wei
Summary: In this study, a pathogenic R. solanacearum strain named P380 was isolated from the tomato rhizosphere. Five out of 12 core T3Es of strain P380 were introduced into Pseudomonas syringae DC3000D36E separately to determine their functions in interacting with plants. The results showed that these five T3Es play diverse roles in plant-pathogen interactions.
JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND GENOMICS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guy Sobol, Joydeep Chakraborty, Gregory B. Martin, Guido Sessa
Summary: The antagonistic effect of plant immunity on growth has driven the evolution of molecular mechanisms to prevent accidental initiation and prolonged activation of plant immune responses. Protein phosphatases, particularly PP2C phosphatases, play a key role in regulating the signaling networks of plant immunity. Harnessing immunity-associated PP2Cs has the potential to enhance plant disease resistance.
MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Haoqi Shi, Yong Liu, Anming Ding, Weifeng Wang, Yuhe Sun
Summary: Plants respond to Ralstonia solanacearum infestation through two layers of immune system (PTI and ETI) by inducing resistance. This is done by forming tyloses, gels, and callose, as well as changing the composition of cell wall components. Plants also detect cell wall fragments through the CWI system and activate defense responses. In addition, plants adjust metabolic networks to produce resistant metabolites and decrease vulnerable metabolites. This review emphasizes the importance of physical and chemical defenses, as well as cell wall defenses, in fighting against R. solanacearum infestation.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Qian Zhang, Shuxian Chen, Yazhou Bao, Dongmei Wang, Weijie Wang, Rubin Chen, Yixin Li, Guangyuan Xu, Xianzhong Feng, Xiangxiu Liang, Daolong Dou
Summary: This study identified the roles of MRLKs in soybean immunity and identified them as candidate susceptible genes that could be useful for improving soybean resistance.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chengbin Xiao, Doudou Sun, Beibei Liu, Xianming Fang, Pengcheng Li, Yao Jiang, Mingming He, Jia Li, Sheng Luan, Kai He
Summary: Ammonium and nitrate are major nitrogen sources for plants. Ammonium can cause toxicity, while nitrate can alleviate ammonium toxicity. This study revealed that the transporter NRT1.1 and the channel SLAH3 form a functional unit to regulate nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity through NO3- transport and rhizosphere acidification balancing.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Beibei Liu, Changxin Feng, Xianming Fang, Zhen Ma, Chengbin Xiao, Shuaishuai Zhang, Zhenzhen Liu, Doudou Sun, Hongyong Shi, Xiaoqin Ding, Chenyang Qiu, Jia Li, Sheng Luan, Legong Li, Kai He
Summary: In this study, loss-of-function mutation in SLAH3 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced tolerance to high KNO3 concentrations but reduced sensitivity to high K+. SLAH3 interacted with potassium channels GORK and SKOR to modulate membrane potential and coordinate the balance between nitrogen and potassium.
Article
Plant Sciences
Doudou Sun, Xianming Fang, Chengbin Xiao, Zhen Ma, Xuemei Huang, Jingrong Su, Jia Li, Jiafeng Wang, Suomin Wang, Sheng Luan, Kai He
Summary: This study identifies SnRK1.1 as a negative regulator of SLAH3 in Arabidopsis, with kinase assays showing that SnRK1.1 phosphorylates the C-terminal of SLAH3 at the site S601. The phosphorylation of SLAH3 by SnRK1.1 plays an important role in nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity in plants.