Article
Agronomy
Jung-Hee Kim, Itsumi Koike, Toshiki Nakashima, Michikazu Hiramatsu, Ikuo Miyajima, Yuki Mizunoe, Hiroshi Okubo, Yukio Ozaki
Summary: AFLP analysis revealed genetic polymorphism among wabisuke camellia and its relative species, suggesting the two old 'Uraku' trees are asexually-propagated clonal strains. The genetic distance between wabisuke cultivars and Chinese camellias was greater than that between wabisuke cultivars and Camellia japonica. Wabisuke camellias can be classified into two subgroups based on their genetic characteristics.
Article
Remote Sensing
Jacek Andrzej Urbanski
Summary: Arctic lakes on the Svalbard Islands were inventoried and classified using Sentinel-2 images. A new equation to calculate the concentration of suspended sediment was developed and tested. Over 1000 natural lakes were found, with most being small in size. Six zones of increased lake density were identified, with five located along the western coast of Spitsbergen.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Congbo Song, Manuel Dall'Osto, Angelo Lupi, Mauro Mazzola, Rita Traversi, Silvia Becagli, Stefania Gilardoni, Stergios Vratolis, Karl Espen Yttri, David C. S. Beddows, Julia Schmale, James Brean, Agung Ghani Kramawijaya, Roy M. Harrison, Zongbo Shi
Summary: Studies show that aerosols in the Arctic region mainly come from human activities and natural processes, with the complexity of natural aerosols higher than previously thought. Mixtures include ocean spray aerosols, mineral dust, etc.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Francesca Spataro, Jasmin Rauseo, Tanita Pescatore, Luisa Patrolecco
Summary: This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic endocrine-disrupting compounds (PEDCs) in marine sediments in an Arctic fjord. The results showed no statistical differences in PAH concentrations between 2018 and 2019. Low-ring PAHs were the most abundant congeners, indicating a predominance of petrogenic sources. Nonylphenols and BPA decreased significantly in 2019 compared to 2018. Local anthropic activities were identified as the major source of contamination, but melting waters from glaciers also played a role as a secondary source of pollutants previously trapped in ice. The occurrence of PAHs and PEDCs in sediments currently does not pose a risk for this Arctic ecosystem, but further investigation is needed.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Mehvish Nisar, Hasnain Hussain
Summary: Our study utilized AFLP markers to assess the genetic variations and identify different M. sagu populations in Sarawak. We obtained polymorphic fragments and assessed their information content, marker index, and resolving power. The results showed that Mukah had higher diversity compared to Pusa, and a significant positive correlation was observed between genetic divergence and geographical distance. Our study highlights the effectiveness and reliability of AFLP markers for studying genetic variations and identifying M. sagu.
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alessandra Amore, Fabio Giardi, Silvia Becagli, Laura Caiazzo, Mauro Mazzola, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi
Summary: A long-term study of the chemical composition of Arctic aerosol has been conducted at the Gruvebadet Observatory in Ny-Alesund since 2010. The study reveals that the anthropogenic fraction is the major component, with the highest values observed in March and April during the Haze period. Sea salt, biogenic, and crustal sources also contribute to the total sulphate budget. The temporal profile of the anthropogenic fraction shows no continuous trend from 2010 to 2019, but higher concentrations were observed in the 2017-19 period. The sulphate budget exhibits opposite trends for March against April and September, with March showing a decrease and April and September showing an increase in monthly mean concentration values. The correlation between non-sea salt non-crustal sulphate fraction and ammonium was also evaluated.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Leila Mirzaei, Abbas Yadollahi, Maryam Jafarkhani Kermani, Masoud Naderpour, Ali Asghar Zeinanloo, Maryam Farsi, Dariush Davoodi
Summary: The study demonstrated that different olive cultivars have specific optimal growth media and factors, leading to improved micropropagation rates. The importance of in vitro growth parameters, such as media, zeatin, mannitol, and light intensity, were highlighted for enhancing micropropagation indices. Genetic stability analysis showed cultivar-dependent true-to-type characteristics in micropropagated olives.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Congbo Song, Silvia Becagli, David C. S. Beddows, James Brean, Jo Browse, Qili Dai, Manuel Dall'Osto, Valerio Ferracci, Roy M. Harrison, Neil Harris, Weijun Li, Anna E. Jones, Amelie Kirchgassner, Agung Ghani Kramawijaya, Alexander Kurganskiy, Angelo Lupi, Mauro Mazzola, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, Zongbo Shi
Summary: This study investigated the sources and drivers of particle numbers of different sizes in Svalbard using a receptor model and explainable machine learning technique. The results showed that meteorology played a crucial role in regulating the monthly variations of particles. Secondary and nucleation aerosols were found to be the major contributors to potential cloud condensation nuclei in the Arctic, and the response of biogenic and local dust particles to temperature was nonlinear, indicating the importance of melting sea ice and snow.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Antonietta Ianniello, Roberto Salzano, Rosamaria Salvatori, Giulio Esposito, Francesca Spataro, Mauro Montagnoli, Rosanna Mabilia, Antonello Pasini
Summary: The study focused on the variability of important O-3 precursors, such as NOx, in the Arctic troposphere, and the impact of anthropogenic sources from Russia and Europe on their measured concentrations. Higher NO and NO2 levels were associated with the lowest wind speeds and northern directions, indicating local pollution. Ozone depletion events associated with winds blowing from the north-west direction were observed, mostly connected to lower NO and NO2 concentrations.
Article
Geography, Physical
L. Kotwicki, J. M. Weslawski, M. Wlodarska-Kowalczuk, M. Mazurkiewicz, R. Wenne, M. Zbawicka, D. Minchin, S. Olenin
Summary: The blue mussel Mytilus spp. complex has reappeared in the high Arctic in Svalbard after a thousand years, most likely due to transportation and natural or anthropogenic flotsam. Studies have found genetic similarities between mussels from Svalbard and populations from Western Europe, Faroe Island, Scotland, and Norway, indicating a possible migration from these regions.
GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Hamed Yousefzadeh, Shahla Raeisi, Omid Esmailzadeh, Gholamali Jalali, Malek Nasiri, Lukasz Walas, Gregor Kozlowski
Summary: The Sorbus aucuparia species is facing a decline in genetic diversity and a genetic bottleneck in the Hyrcanian forest, emphasizing the importance of implementing appropriate management methods to prevent further loss of genetic diversity.
Article
Ornithology
Yvonne Verkuil, Erika Tavares, Patricia M. Gonzalez, Kristen Choffe, Oliver Haddrath, Mark Peck, Lawrence J. Niles, Allan J. Baker, Theunis Piersma, Jesse R. Conklin
Summary: Understanding the migratory connectivity between breeding and nonbreeding areas is crucial for the conservation management of long-distance migrants. This study reveals genetic structure within the nonbreeding range of the endangered Arctic-Canadian rufa subspecies of Red Knots, indicating the presence of distinct genetic populations in different nonbreeding regions. These findings highlight the importance of separate conservation management for each nonbreeding area.
ORNITHOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bo Hu, Yuqiu Li, Hongyan Wu, Hong Zhai, Kun Xu, Yi Gao, Jinlong Zhu, Yuzhuo Li, Zhengjun Xia
Summary: New QTL related to important agronomic traits of soybean were identified in this study, including 10 QTL for flowering time. Major E genes were frequently detected in different populations, indicating their significant impact on flowering time and adaptation. Careful selection of genotypes at known loci is crucial for further research on minor genes or QTL.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Douglas Law, Voon Chun Ping, Tan Chin Yee, Herryawan Ryadi Eziwar Dyari, Maizan Haiji Mohamed, Shazrul Fazry, Nik Marzuki Sidik
Summary: Research has identified a potential SCAR marker for sexual identification of Oxyeleotris marmorata, which could help address the challenge of identifying male and female fish in breeding programs.
PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Bhatele Pranita, Dhawan Sunita Singh, Aswathnarayana K. Nagesh, Dixit Shikha, Randhawa Gursharn Singh
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship among 13 guar varieties in India using AFLP markers. The results showed that the E-ACT/M-CAG primer combination produced the highest number of unique bands, providing valuable information for the development of new varieties with improved gum quality and quantity. The phylogenetic relationship was further elucidated through a dendrogram generated using the UPGMA method.
RESEARCH JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Charlotte L. Clarke, Mary E. Edwards, Antony G. Brown, Ludovic Gielly, Youri Lammers, Peter D. Heintzman, Francisco Javier Ancin-Murguzur, Kari-Anne Brathen, Tomasz Goslar, Inger G. Alsos
Article
Plant Sciences
Katrine N. Bjerkan, Karina S. Hornslien, Ida M. Johannessen, Anders K. Krabberod, Yuri S. van Ekelenburg, Maryam Kalantarian, Reza Shirzadi, Luca Comai, Anne K. Brysting, Jonathan Bramsiepe, Paul E. Grini
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Siri Birkeland, A. Lovisa S. Gustafsson, Anne K. Brysting, Christian Brochmann, Michael D. Nowak
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2020)
Article
Plant Sciences
Michael D. Nowak, A. Tiril M. Pedersen, Anne K. Brysting, Audun Schroder-Nielsen, Reidar Elven, Charlotte S. Bjora
BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael D. Nowak, Siri Birkeland, Terezie Mandakova, Rimjhim Roy Choudhury, Xinyi Guo, Anna Lovisa S. Gustafsson, Abel Gizaw, Audun Schroder-Nielsen, Marco Fracassetti, Anne K. Brysting, Loren Rieseberg, Tanja Slotte, Christian Parisod, Martin A. Lysak, Christian Brochmann
Summary: The research team completed the chromosome-scale genome assembly of the plant Draba nivalis adapted to the harsh Arctic environment, revealing expanded gene families associated with drought and cold stress, possibly driven by transposable elements. Tests of positive selection identified candidate genes associated with meiosis, photoperiodism, cold, drought, and oxidative stress responses.
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Malene Nygaard, Petri Kemppainen, James D. M. Speed, Reidar Elven, Kjell Ivar Flatberg, Leif P. Galten, Narjes Yousefi, Heidi Solstad, Mika Bendiksby
Summary: The study investigated the evolutionary distinctiveness of Carex jemtlandica and Carex lepidocarpa in Norway using genomic analysis and ecological niche modeling, revealing that they represent separately evolving entities despite ongoing hybridization and introgression. The study suggests that both species deserve recognition as evolutionary significant units due to their genetic and ecological differences.
JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
A. T. M. ter Schure, M. Bajard, K. Loftsgarden, H. Hoeg, E. Ballo, J. Bakke, E. W. N. Storen, F. Iversen, A. Kool, A. K. Brysting, K. Kruger, S. Boessenkool
Summary: By integrating interdisciplinary analyses of long-term records, this study uncovers the anthropogenic and environmental drivers behind vegetation dynamics in southeastern Norway during the Holocene period. The combined analysis of pollen, sedaDNA, geochemical, and archaeological data reveals consistent vegetation signals and agricultural intensification over the past 10,000 years. The study provides insights into the effects of human land-use and environmental changes on vegetation dynamics in the region.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Luka N. Olsen, Marie K. Brandrud, Terezie Mandakova, Martin A. Lysak, Charlotte S. Bjora, Eduardo Cires, Inger Nordal, Anne K. Brysting
Summary: Considerable chromosome variation has occurred in northern European Cochlearia plants without corresponding morphological differentiation, resulting in a complex species group. This study investigates the situation in Iceland, discussing the distribution, genetic structure, taxonomy, and origin of the two cytotypes present. The findings suggest geographically structured genetic variation along the Icelandic coast and environmentally structured genetic differentiation between coastal and alpine populations.
BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Siri Birkeland, Tanja Slotte, Anne Krag Brysting, A. Lovisa S. Gustafsson, Torgeir Rhoden Hvidsten, Christian Brochmann, Michael D. Nowak
Summary: Little is known about the evolution of cold tolerance in polar plant species and how they differ from temperate relatives. This study compared the molecular basis of cold response in three Arctic Brassicaceae species and found that while most differentially expressed genes were species-specific, a significant portion of the cold response was also shared among species. These results suggest that cold response differs between Arctic Brassicaceae species, but builds on a conserved basis found across the family.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jose Cerca, Bent Petersen, Jose Miguel Lazaro-Guevara, Angel Rivera-Colon, Siri Birkeland, Joel Vizueta, Siyu Li, Qionghou Li, Joao Loureiro, Chatchai Kosawang, Patricia Jaramillo Diaz, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Mario Fernandez-Mazuecos, Pablo Vargas, Ross A. McCauley, Gitte Petersen, Luisa Santos-Bay, Nathan Wales, Julian M. Catchen, Daniel Machado, Michael D. Nowak, Alexander Suh, Neelima R. Sinha, Lene R. Nielsen, Ole Seberg, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, James H. Leebens-Mack, Loren H. Rieseberg, Michael D. Martin
Summary: Many island plant species exhibit a syndrome known as the 'plant island syndrome', which involves distinct phenotypic and life history traits. In this study, the researchers sequenced and analyzed the genome of the critically endangered Galapagos-endemic species Scalesia atractyloides Arnot. They identified the genomic basis of the island syndrome and determined the ancestral genomes and their divergence in this species.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Anneke T. M. ter Schure, Angela A. Bruch, Andrew W. Kandel, Boris Gasparyan, Rainer W. Bussmann, Anne K. Brysting, Hugo J. de Boer, Sanne Boessenkool
Summary: Current knowledge about Paleolithic human plant use is limited by the availability of identifiable plant remains. By analyzing DNA preserved in cave sediments, researchers are able to study past human behavior, including plant use, in new ways. This study applied sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) analysis to cave sediments, providing insights into potential plant use by prehistoric humans.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION
(2022)