Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Lapo Miccinesi, Massimiliano Pieraccini
Summary: The article introduces a new method for detecting the position of the GPR radar along a scan line using additional TX/RX antennas and corner reflectors. Tests have shown that this technique is successful in both 1-D and 2-D cases.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Richard Czikhardt, Hans van der Marel, Juraj Papco
Summary: This paper introduces a FOSS Python toolbox for analyzing SAR time series of artificial radar reflectors, which can be used to estimate clutter level, Radar Cross Section, Signal-to-Clutter Ratio, and InSAR displacement time series. The toolbox is applied to analyze a network of 23 corner reflectors for landslide monitoring in Slovakia.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Zhuge Xia, Mahdi Motagh, Tao Li
Summary: In this study, the performance of a newly designed small dihedral corner reflector (CR) for monitoring ground instability was investigated using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and interferometric SAR (InSAR) technology. The experimental results demonstrated that the CRs improved the background intensity in SAR images and maintained a relatively stable radar cross section (RCS), making them suitable for CR-InSAR analysis.
IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Richard Czikhardt, Hans van der Marel, Freek J. van Leijen, Ramon F. Hanssen
Summary: In this study, the Signal-to-Clutter Ratio (SCR) of a radar point target, such as a corner reflector, was estimated using a time series of SAR measurements, assuming temporal ergodicity. The results showed that the temporal method provided a less biased and more precise estimate of the average SCR compared to the traditional method relying on spatial ergodicity assumption. Additionally, the use of SCR estimated by the temporal estimation method led to closer predictions of InSAR phase variance and positioning precision.
IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wentao He, Xiaolong Weng, Wei Luo, Haiyan Chen, Xueyu Wu, Kai Li, Yan Huang, Beiping Liu, Lei Li
Summary: This study investigates the reduction effect of radar cross-section (RCS) for a right-angle dihedral corner reflector by discussing different loading conditions of camouflage grass. The results show that the loading of camouflage grass can significantly reduce the RCS of the corner reflector without altering the target structure or using absorbing materials.
IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Nina Jones, Andrea Manconi, Alexander Strom
Summary: This study identifies active landslides through satellite imagery analysis and radar interferometry, classifies them using geomorphological indicators from optical satellite imagery, and analyzes their proximity to tectonic lineaments and regional seismicity to assess the integrated river damming hazard potential. The results suggest that 31% of detected landslides have a high damming hazard potential, emphasizing the importance of such phenomena for long-term land use planning and hydropower plant management.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Lin Gan, Zehao Wu, Xuesong Wang, Jianbing Li
Summary: This paper analyzes the angular jamming effect of electronically controlled corner reflectors after a maneuver aircraft and finds that the automatic tracking process of a monopulse radar seeker can be effectively interfered under complex maneuver motion.
ELECTRONICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Kamila Pawluszek-Filipiak, Natalia Wielgocka, Damian Tondas, Andrzej Borkowski
Summary: This study validated the use of Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) with artificial Corner Reflectors (CRs) in an area of fast and nonlinear deformation gradient caused by active coal longwall exploitation. Three Sentinel-1 datasets were analyzed using conventional DInSAR, Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI), and Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) methods. Results showed that only conventional DInSAR and SBAS with low network redundancy were able to capture the maximal deformation gradient with an error rate of 2-3 cm in the vertical and easting deformation component. SBAS techniques were found to be more accurate than DInSAR for small deformation gradients, while DInSAR provided information about subsidence basins that SBAS and PSI approaches were unable to capture.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Natalia Tilinina, Dmitry Ivonin, Alexander Gavrikov, Vitali Sharmar, Sergey Gulev, Alexander Suslov, Vladimir Fadeev, Boris Trofimov, Sergey Bargman, Leysan Salavatova, Vasilisa Koshkina, Polina Shishkova, Elizaveta Ezhova, Mikhail Krinitsky, Olga Razorenova, Klaus Peter Koltermann, Vladimir Tereschenkov, Alexey Sokov
Summary: Wind waves are important in the climate system, but ship-based observational networks are limited. This study presents data collected in the North Atlantic and Arctic using the SeaVision system and Spotter wave buoy, and validates the observations against model simulations. The results show good agreement between the X-band radar observations and buoy data and model simulations.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fabio Rocca, Deren Li, Stefano Tebaldini, Mingsheng Liao, Lu Zhang, Fabrizio Lombardini, Timo Balz, Norbert Haala, Xiaoli Ding, Ramon Hanssen
Summary: This research report outlines activities conducted under Dragon project 32278 on Three- and Four-Dimensional Topographic Measurement and Validation. The project was divided into three subprojects aimed at validating various satellite systems, developing new processing methods for SAR data, and improving methodologies for topographic mapping accuracy. Subproject 2 specifically focused on decorrelating targets using multi-baseline interferometric and tomographic SAR processing to accurately estimate target displacement over time.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Weimin Huang, Zhiding Yang, Xinwei Chen
Summary: This article proposes a new TCN-based model for retrieving significant wave height from radar images. Experimental results show that the model significantly improves the accuracy compared to traditional methods.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Gen Li, Zegang Ding, Mofan Li, Tianyi Zhang, Tao Zeng, Teng Long
Summary: This article investigates the baseline formation mechanism of Earth-based repeat-pass synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry of the Moon and proposes a precise relative motion model considering lunar libration. Additionally, the effects of subradar point (SRP) wagging on InSAR coherence are analyzed.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Albert R. Monteith, Lars M. H. Ulander
Summary: This article presents cross-polarized temporal coherence observations of a boreal forest, showing diurnal and seasonal cycles in coherence as well as the limitations it poses in interferometric and tomographic forest applications. The findings will aid in improving spaceborne SAR mission designs, temporal decorrelation modeling, and forest parameter estimation algorithms.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Krisztina Kelevitz, Tim J. Wright, Andrew J. Hooper, Sivasakthy Selvakumaran
Summary: High-precision monitoring of infrastructure can be achieved using artificial reflectors, but large reflectors are often not feasible in urban areas. A multiple corner-reflector array can be used to replace a single large reflector, as long as careful positioning is done to ensure constructive interference. The applications of multiple small corner reflectors in urban areas are wide-ranging, including essential infrastructure monitoring and structural health assessment.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kishin Matsumori, Ryushi Fujimura, Markus Retsch
Summary: The reflection mechanism of dielectric corner reflectors (DCRs) is investigated using the finite element method and a quantitative model, revealing that the reduction in reflection of DCRs is dominated by diffraction of the evanescent wave at the corner of the triangular structure. The optimized DCR geometry can be applied for a wide wavelength range.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Paulina Bartkowiak, Mariapina Castelli, Alice Crespi, Georg Niedrist, Damiano Zanotelli, Roberto Colombo, Claudia Notarnicola
Summary: In this article, a new method is presented to predict satellite-derived land surface temperature under cloudy skies over vegetated areas in the Alps. The method utilizes ground-measured temperature data and other geo-biophysical variables in conjunction with the ESRA radiation model to establish predictive models. The results show the feasibility and reliability of the method in heterogeneous ecosystems.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Andreas Colliander, Rolf Reichle, Wade Crow, Michael Cosh, Fan Chen, Steven Chan, Narendra Narayan Das, Rajat Bindlish, J. Chaubell, Seungbum Kim, Qing Liu, Peggy OaNeill, Scott Dunbar, Land Dang, John S. Kimball, Thomas Jackson, Hala Al-Jassar, Jun Asanuma, Bimal Bhattacharya, Aaron Berg, David Bosch, Laura Bourgeau-Chavez, Todd Caldwell, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Chandra Collins, Karsten Jensen, Stan Livingston, Ernesto Lopez-Baeza, Jose Martinez-Fernandez, Heather McNairn, Mahta Moghaddam, Carsten Montzka, Claudia Notarnicola, Thierry Pellarin, Isabella Greimeister-Pfeil, Jouni Pulliainen, Judith Ramos, Judith Gpe. Ramos Hernandez, Mark Seyfried, Patrick Starks, Bob Su, R. van der Velde, Yijian Zeng, Marc Thibeault, Mariette Vreugdenhil, Jeffrey Walker, Mehrez Zribi, Dara Entekhabi, Simon Yueh
Summary: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission has been validating its soil moisture products since 2015. The results show that the SMAP products meet the mission requirements and are generally consistent with other satellite products. The validation program will continue and plans to expand to forested and high-latitude regions.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Review
Geochemistry & Geophysics
N. C. Pepin, E. Arnone, A. Gobiet, K. Haslinger, S. Kotlarski, C. Notarnicola, E. Palazzi, P. Seibert, S. Serafin, W. Schoener, S. Terzago, J. M. Thornton, M. Vuille, C. Adler
Summary: This comprehensive analysis examines the relationship between elevation and temperature/precipitation changes in mountain regions. The study finds that while some regions show increased warming at higher elevations, there is no universal amplification of warming in mountains on a global scale. Additionally, the increase in mountain precipitation is weaker compared to low elevations, indicating reduced elevation-dependency of precipitation.
REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Valerio Marsocci, Virginia Coletta, Roberta Ravanelli, Simone Scardapane, Mattia Crespi
Summary: In recent years, deep learning algorithms for change detection in remote sensing have been an active research area. However, existing algorithms mainly focus on generating 2D change maps without considering elevation variations. This study proposes a novel network, MTBIT, capable of generating both 2D and 3D change maps using bitemporal optical images as input, without relying on elevation data. The results show that MTBIT achieves the best performance among the compared architectures in terms of metric accuracy (6.46m) with a limited number of parameters (13.1M).
ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Aldo Bertone, Roberto Seppi, Mattia Callegari, Giovanni Cuozzo, Niccolo Dematteis, Karl Krainer, Carlo Marin, Claudia Notarnicola, Francesco Zucca
Summary: The kinematic acceleration of rock glaciers observed in recent decades is related to climate change. While velocity variations on yearly to seasonal time scales are frequently investigated, velocity changes measured on shorter time scales (i.e., on hourly resolutions) are as yet poorly understood. In this study, we used ground-based synthetic aperture radar to investigate the displacement of a rock glacier on an hourly time scale in the European Alps. Our observations revealed a regular hourly velocity rhythm characterized by short phases of sharp acceleration (up to 0.9 mm/hr) lasting 4-11 hr followed by long phases of stagnation lasting 13-20 hr. This unprecedented observation opens up new perspectives in the analysis and interpretation of rock glacier kinematics.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Melissa Tondo, Marco Mulas, Giuseppe Ciccarese, Gianluca Marcato, Giulia Bossi, David Tonidandel, Volkmar Mair, Alessandro Corsini
Summary: Large-scale slow-moving deep-seated landslides are complex and potentially highly damaging phenomena. In this study, multi-temporal airborne optic and LiDAR surveys were used to detect and quantify slope movements. Two DIC algorithms, NCC and PC, were applied to the datasets, and although they struggled to quantify sub-pixel displacement patterns in densely vegetated areas, they successfully differentiated stable and active parts of the slopes, providing valuable information for risk management.
Review
Environmental Studies
Sara Mastrorosa, Mattia Crespi, Luca Congedo, Michele Munafo
Summary: The development of remote sensing technology, especially the launch of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellites, has revolutionized the monitoring of Earth's surface. This paper focuses on the potential of Sentinel-1 SAR images to estimate land consumption and presents innovative approaches. It demonstrates that Sentinel-1 data has the potential for global land consumption monitoring and discusses the most promising methods.
Article
Agronomy
Maria Arias, Claudia Notarnicola, Miguel Angel Campo-Besc, Luis Miguel Arregui, Jesus Alvarez-Mozos
Summary: Soil moisture is a crucial variable in agriculture, affecting crop development, yield forecasting, and food security. Microwave remote sensing shows potential for estimating soil moisture, especially with the use of Sentinel-1 time series data. This study evaluates three change detection methodologies for soil moisture estimation over wheat fields, with varying results. The accuracy of the methodologies is influenced by soil moisture content and field conditions. Overall, the results are considered promising for future application in irrigation management.
AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Geography
Valeria Belloni, Martina Di Rita, Davide Fugazza, Giacomo Traversa, Kevin Hanson, Guglielmina Diolaiuti, Mattia Crespi
Summary: This study presents a high-resolution, high-accuracy orthophoto map and Digital Surface Model of Forni Glacier in the Italian Alps. The analysis reveals signs of downwasting and a rapidly changing proglacial landscape, making it valuable for investigating glacier evolution and climate change.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mariapina Castelli, Giovanni Peratoner, Luca Pasolli, Giulia Molisse, Alexander Dovas, Gabriel Sicher, Alice Crespi, Mattia Rossi, Mohammad Hussein Alasawedah, Evelyn Soini, Roberto Monsorno, Claudia Notarnicola
Summary: This study estimates yield losses in mountain grasslands in north-eastern Italy due to drought events, which is important for the development of index-based insurance. The leaf area index (LAI) is used as a proxy for yield due to its high correlation. LAI is estimated using the Sentinel-2 biophysical processor and different gap-filling methods are compared. The grassland production index (GPI) is derived as the cumulative product of LAI and a water stress coefficient, and the drought index is calculated as an anomaly of GPI. Validation results show satisfactory agreement between Sentinel-2 LAI and ground measurements.
Article
Geography, Physical
Valentina Premier, Carlo Marin, Giacomo Bertoldi, Riccardo Barella, Claudia Notarnicola, Lorenzo Bruzzone
Summary: This study reconstructs the snow water equivalent (SWE) at a high spatial resolution (25 m) using multi-source data. It proposes a novel approach to determine the pixel state based on in situ observations, temperature data, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, and uses high- and low-resolution multispectral optical satellite images to define the days of snow presence. The proposed method achieves good results in two test catchments and shows good agreement with reference maps, coarser resolution data, and manual measurements.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Valeria Belloni, Andreas Sjolander, Roberta Ravanelli, Mattia Crespi, Andrea Nascetti
Summary: This paper describes a method for automatically detecting and measuring cracks using non-fixed cameras, combining Convolutional Neural Networks and photogrammetry. Through comparison with a sensor, the method demonstrates accurate crack width computation and exhibits potential for effectively monitoring temporal crack evolution.
AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Emanuele Santi, Ludovica De Gregorio, Simone Pettinato, Giovanni Cuozzo, Alexander Jacob, Claudia Notarnicola, Daniel Guenther, Ulrich Strasser, Francesca Cigna, Deodato Tapete, Simonetta Paloscia
Summary: This study estimates the dry snow water equivalent (SWE) in alpine areas using X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from the COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) satellite constellation. The SAR data is analyzed and compared with in situ measurements, and the sensitivity to SWE is assessed using a radiative transfer model. Two machine learning techniques, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector regression (SVR), are employed to retrieve SWE from the CSK data. The validation results show a high correlation coefficient and low root-mean-square error, indicating the effectiveness of the CSK constellation for dry SWE retrieval in alpine areas.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Florentin Hofmeister, Leonardo F. Arias-Rodriguez, Valentina Premier, Carlo Marin, Claudia Notarnicola, Markus Disse, Gabriele Chiogna
Summary: This study utilizes Sentinel-2 MSI images to generate high-resolution snow cover maps in a high-elevation Alpine catchment. The data are analyzed to understand the spatiotemporal distribution of snow cover, and the quality of snow and cloud detection is evaluated against in-situ observations and other products. The generated snow cover maps are further used to calibrate a snow model, which successfully simulates snow cover duration and fractional snow-covered area, as well as the variability due to surface energy balance dynamics, wind, and gravitational redistribution.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY X
(2022)
