Article
Ecology
Paula Andrea Castaneda Londono, Nicole Banholzer, Bridget Bannermann, Susanne Kramer
Summary: ALPHs originated from bacterial ApaH protein and are found in all eukaryotic super-groups. Most eukaryotes have either lost ALPH enzyme or use it exclusively outside the cytoplasm. Only 71 non-Kinetoplastida organisms have short ALPH proteins with cytoplasmic localisation, but whether these are used as decapping enzymes in addition to Dcp2 remains to be explored.
BMC ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Kiril Tishinov, Anne Spang
Summary: Translation repressor Scd6 and decapping stimulator Edc3 partially redundantly regulate P-body assembly by sequestering the Dcp1/2 decapping complex in the cytoplasm. Nuclear Dcp1/2 is not involved in mRNA decay and might be stored as a releasable pool, indicating a dynamic equilibrium between cytoplasmic and nuclear Dcp1/2.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Yan Yang, Changhui Zhang, Xuehui Li, Li Li, Yanjuan Chen, Xin Yang, Yao Zhao, Cheng Chen, Wei Wang, Zhihui Zhong, Cheng Yang, Zhen Huang, Dan Su
Summary: ASF is a highly contagious hemorrhagic viral disease in domestic pigs, and there are currently no effective vaccines or drugs available. This study focuses on the structural characterization of g5Rp, the only viral mRNA-decapping enzyme encoded in the ASFV genome. The study identifies key residues involved in RNA binding and decapping enzyme activity, and also reveals the inhibitory mechanism of InsP(6) on g5Rp activity.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Megumi Ibayashi, Ryutaro Aizawa, Satoshi Tsukamoto
Summary: mRNA decapping is a crucial step in posttranscriptional regulation, and the deficiency of Dcp1a in mice leads to embryonic lethality around E10.5 with growth retardation and cardiac defects. However, transgenic rescue with human Dcp1a can fully rescue the embryonic lethality, indicating the essential role of Dcp1a in embryonic growth.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Yudong Wu, Wujun Chen, Chao Wang, Dongming Xing
Summary: Nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme activity, known as nanozymes, have gained considerable attention in recent years. Among them, phosphatase-mimicking nanozymes have become increasingly important for future research. However, the number of nanozymes with phosphatase-like activity is limited compared to extensively studied oxidoreductase-mimicking nanozymes. The increasing demand for complex and individualized phosphatase-involved catalytic behaviors is driving the development of more advanced phosphatase-mimicking nanozymes. This overview provides guidelines and insights for designing superior phosphatase-mimicking nanozymes.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jun Katahira, Tatsuya Ohmae, Mayo Yasugi, Ryosuke Sasaki, Yumi Itoh, Tomoko Kohda, Miki Hieda, Masami Yokota Hirai, Toru Okamoto, Yoichi Miyamoto
Summary: To facilitate replication, viruses can block host gene expression by targeting processes such as mRNA nuclear export. In this study, it was found that Nsp14, a viral replicase subunit, inhibits mRNA nuclear export, leading to accumulation of RNA in the cell nucleus and disruption of nuclear speckles. Dysregulation of splicing and mRNA processing was observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. The inhibitory activities of Nsp14 were diminished by a mutation in its guanine-N7-methyltransferase active site. The compromise of the nuclear cap-binding complex (NCBC) function by N7-methyl-GTP, produced in Nsp14-expressing cells, leads to defects in mRNA processing and export, representing a novel viral strategy to block host gene expression.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
William R. Brothers, Farah Ali, Sam Kajjo, Marc R. Fabian
Summary: The interaction between XRN1 and EDC4 regulates P-body dynamics to properly coordinate mRNA decapping with 5'-3' decay in human cells. Disrupting this interaction or altering their stoichiometry inhibits mRNA decapping and leads to larger P-bodies. P-bodies support cell viability and prevent stress granule formation when XRN1 is limiting.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Weilin Mao, Ling Dai, Lianzhe Hu, Jiaxing Song, Ting Huang, Min Wang
Summary: The two-wavelength fluorescent sensing and imaging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was demonstrated using Ce(III) ions modified fluorescent quantum dots (QDs). Ce(IV)/QDs can catalyze the hydrolysis of 4-MUP to generate blue emission, while ROS has only slight effect on the red fluorescent signal of QDs. The successful ratiometric fluorescent detection of ROS and dual-channel fluorescent ROS imaging in cells were achieved.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ankita Srivastava, Daniela L. Ambrosio, Monika Tasak, Ujwala Gosavi, Arthur Gunzl
Summary: This passage discusses how the pre-mRNA splicing factor PRP19 is recruited into the spliceosome in humans and yeast, as well as the role of spliced leader trans splicing in Trypanosomatidae. It also highlights the discovery of essential proteins like PRC5 in cell viability and pre-mRNA splicing, leading to the formation of the PRP19-related complex (PRC) in trypanosomes, which interacts with unique proteins like SYF1, SYF3, and ISY1. These findings reveal a distinct pre-organization of proteins in trypanosomes compared to other organisms.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vinay K. Nagarajan, Catherine J. Stuart, Anna T. DiBattista, Monica Accerbi, Jeffrey L. Caplan, Pamela J. Green
Summary: In plants, cytoplasmic mRNA decay controlled by DNE1 is crucial for gene expression and RNA homeostasis. Using RNA degradome approaches, this study identified over 200 DNE1 substrates, primarily cleaved within coding regions. While most DNE1 targets were NMD-insensitive, some were NMD-sensitive, indicating its role in turnover of diverse mRNAs. Mutations in the endoribonuclease domain of DNE1 abolished the cleavage, demonstrating its requirement for activity. This work provides important insights into DNE1-mediated mRNA decay.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jake C. Swartzel, Michael J. Bond, Andreas P. Pintado-Urbanc, Mehana Daftary, Mackenzie W. Krone, Todd Douglas, Evan J. Carder, Joshua T. Zimmer, Takahiro Maeda, Matthew D. Simon, Craig M. Crews
Summary: The RNA decapping scavenger protein DcpS has been identified as a dependency in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and its inhibition or knockdown shows antiproliferative effects on AML cells. The non-essential nature of DcpS in normal human hematopoietic cells suggests potential for therapeutic intervention in AML by modulating DcpS activity. JCS-1, a PROTAC developed in this study, effectively degrades DcpS in nanomolar concentrations, offering a new strategy for AML and other DcpS-dependent genetic disorders.
ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Selom K. Doamekpor, Sunny Sharma, Megerditch Kiledjian, Liang Tong
Summary: The 5' N-7-methylguanosine cap is a critical modification for mRNAs and other RNAs in eukaryotic cells. Recent studies have revealed a surveillance mechanism for RNA capping quality, where specific enzymes remove incomplete caps, resulting in RNA degradation. It has also been discovered that noncanonical caps derived from metabolites and cofactors can affect RNA stability and function. Enzymes and hydrolases are capable of removing these noncanonical caps, facilitating RNA degradation.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
James Budzak, Gloria Rudenko
Summary: The African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei has a dense layer of Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) coat that protects it from immune attack. High levels of RNA transcription and pre-mRNA processing, as well as chromatin rearrangement, are important for the abundant expression of VSG.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marcelina Bednarczyk, Jessica K. Peters, Renata Kasprzyk, Jagoda Starek, Marcin Warminski, Tomasz Spiewla, Jeffrey S. Mugridge, John D. Gross, Jacek Jemielity, Joanna Kowalska
Summary: Several compounds were identified as inhibitors of VACV D9 decapping enzyme, with m(7)GpppCH(2)p as the most potent nucleotide inhibitor and selicidib and CP-100356 as the most potent drug-like compounds. The identified compounds efficiently inhibited D9 catalyzed decapping of 26 nt RNA substrates but showed no activity towards VACV D10 or human decapping enzyme, Dcp1/2.
ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Soil Science
Takashi Kunito, Shingo Haraguchi, Kiyoko Hanada, Kazuki Fujita, Hitoshi Moro, Kazunari Nagaoka, Shigeto Otsuka
Summary: This study analyzed the concentrations of phosphatase-hydrolyzable Po in different soil types and found that soil pH plays a significant role in the increase of phytate-like P and DNA-like P in 0.5 M NaHCO3-extracts.