Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hunter G. Lindsay, Colby J. Hendrix, Josue D. Gonzalez Murcia, Christopher Haynie, K. Scott Weber
Summary: Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in neurodegenerative disorders, and the role of atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) in these conditions has been identified. ACKRs modulate inflammatory responses by regulating chemokine abundance, location, and availability. The ability of ACKRs to alter chemokine levels makes them an appealing therapeutic target for neurodegenerative conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Salequl Islam, Mohammad Ali Moni, Umme Laila Urmi, Atsushi Tanaka, Hiroo Hoshino
Summary: The study identified CCRL2 as a newly discovered coreceptor for HIV/SIV, with in vitro experiments confirming its function as a receptor for primary HIV-2 isolates. These findings provide additional insights into the transmission and pathogenesis of HIV/SIV.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rebecca Ferrisi, Francesca Gado, Caterina Ricardi, Beatrice Polini, Clementina Manera, Grazia Chiellini
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neuronal death, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline. Neuroinflammation, with microglia as key players, has been identified as a major cause of AD progression. Cannabinoids show potential as a preventive treatment for AD, with altered expression of endocannabinoids and their receptors reported in neurodegenerative disorders including AD. Modulation of cannabinoid receptors has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in reducing protein deposition, suggesting their therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides an overview of the involvement of cannabinoid receptors in microglia activation and highlights the role of neuroinflammation in AD pathogenesis. It also discusses recently developed candidate drugs targeting cannabinoid receptors as an innovative strategy for AD treatment and management.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Dominic D. Skinner, Amber R. Syage, Gema M. Olivarria, Colleen Stone, Bailey Hoglin, Thomas E. Lane
Summary: By characterizing the molecular and cellular changes in transgenic mice, this study reveals the changes in the profile of neutrophils associated with increased white matter damage in mice persistently infected with a neurotropic coronavirus.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rachele Di Donato, Raffaella Bonecchi, Francesca Albano
Summary: Chemokines have local functions in controlling leukocyte extravasation and also play additional roles in regulating hematopoiesis and leukocyte differentiation at a systemic level. Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are regulators of the chemokine system and have a selective role in neutrophil production and differentiation. This review provides an overview of the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in neutrophil biology with a focus on the regulation exerted by ACKRs.
Article
Immunology
Laura D. Owlett, Berke Karaahmet, Linh Le, Elizabeth K. Belcher, Dawling Dionisio-Santos, John A. Olschowka, Michael R. Elliott, M. Kerry O'Banion
Summary: Gas6 overexpression reduces plaque burden but increases pro-inflammatory signaling and worsens behavior in an Alzheimer's disease model. Gas6 overexpression appears to have no effect on phagocytic mechanisms in vitro or in vivo.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vincent Duval, Paul Alayrac, Jean-Sebastien Silvestre, Angelique Levoye
Summary: Chemokines and their receptors play a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases. ACKR3, as an atypical chemokine receptor, has an exclusive role in CVD. Better understanding of ACKR3's precise functions may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ji-Yun Kang, Dong-Cheol Baek, Chang-Gue Son, Jin-Seok Lee
Summary: Microglia are important targets for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. Pinus spp. succinum extract (PSE) has strong antineuroinflammatory and antidepressant properties, potentially involving the regulation of NF-κB translocation and the CX3CR1/Nrf2 pathway.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marta Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz, Lidia Struzynska
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that leads to progressive disability of patients. Glial cells and P2X7 receptors play crucial roles in the inflammatory reaction in the pathological process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bhakta Prasad Gaire, Ji-Woong Choi
Summary: Activation of microglia and/or astrocytes can release proinflammatory molecules, leading to neuroinflammation and secondary brain damages in various diseases of the central nervous system. Controlling the activation of glial cells and their neuroinflammatory responses has been considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating neuroinflammatory diseases. Receptor-mediated lysophospholipid signaling, particularly through S1P and LPA receptors, plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, influencing glial activation during conditions such as cerebral ischemia and multiple sclerosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Malgorzata Krzyzowska, Andrzej Kowalczyk, Katarzyna Skulska, Karolina Thorn, Kristina Eriksson
Summary: The Fas/FasL pathway plays a crucial role in immune homeostasis and immune surveillance. In the context of herpes encephalitis, study findings suggest that Fas/FasL deficiency can lead to enhanced cell-mediated immunity within the CNS, better anti-viral response, and decreased neuroinflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mirta Garcia-Martinez, Leonardo M. Cortez, Alicia Otero, Marina Betancor, Beatriz Serrano-Perez, Rosa Bolea, Juan J. Badiola, Maria Carmen Garza
Summary: Prion diseases are associated with neuroinflammatory response, and TLRs gene expression changes in scrapie-infected sheep are correlated with pathological hallmarks of the disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gaylia Jean Harry
Summary: Changes in microglia are commonly associated with neurodegeneration, but it is not clear if they initiate the process. Communication between microglia and neurons helps maintain the cells in a surveillance state, suggesting a partnership role rather than an initiating one in neurodegeneration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Kan Zhang, Lei Wu, Kana Lin, Mazhong Zhang, Weiguang Li, Xiaoping Tong, Jijian Zheng
Summary: In this study, it was found that ketamine-induced upregulation of integrin receptors in microglia exacerbates neuronal apoptosis in the developing rat retina. Downregulating integrin receptors with RGD peptide ameliorates this effect by reducing the release of cytokines and chemokines, ultimately protecting the neurons.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Souvarish Sarkar
Summary: Neuroinflammation is a critical pathological feature of neurodegenerative disorders, driven by activated microglia through the production of proinflammatory factors. Ion channels expressed on microglia play important roles in regulating microglial functions, including proliferation, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, antigen recognition and presentation, apoptosis, and inflammation signaling.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Hoang Oanh Nguyen, Tiziana Schioppa, Laura Tiberio, Fabrizio Facchinetti, Gino Villetti, Maurizio Civelli, Annalisa Del Prete, Francesca Sozio, Carolina Gaudenzi, Mauro Passari, Ilaria Barbazza, Silvano Sozzani, Valentina Salvi, Daniela Bosisio
Summary: This article reports the research results of an oral PDE4 inhibitor called Tanimilast, which can modulate the pro-inflammatory potential and Th1-polarizing potential of SCV2-RNA-induced DCs. Tanimilast did not affect the expression of maturation markers and lymph node homing receptor in DCs, but skewed towards Th2 phenotype. Both Tanimilast and the reference drug β-methasone blocked the increase of MHC-I molecules in activated DCs and restrained the proliferation and activation of cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tiziana Schioppa, Hoang Oanh Nguyen, Valentina Salvi, Norma Maugeri, Fabrizio Facchinetti, Gino Villetti, Maurizio Civelli, Carolina Gaudenzi, Mauro Passari, Francesca Sozio, Ilaria Barbazza, Nicola Tamassia, Marco A. Cassatella, Annalisa Del Prete, Daniela Bosisio, Laura Tiberio
Summary: Neutrophils are important in respiratory diseases, and tanimilast can modulate their activity to reduce tissue damage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hoang Oanh Nguyen, Valentina Salvi, Laura Tiberio, Fabrizio Facchinetti, Mirco Govoni, Gino Villetti, Maurizio Civelli, Ilaria Barbazza, Carolina Gaudenzi, Mauro Passari, Tiziana Schioppa, Francesca Sozio, Annalisa Del Prete, Silvano Sozzani, Daniela Bosisio
Summary: The results of the study demonstrate distinct immunomodulatory properties of tanimilast, associated with a type 2 endotype and CD141 upregulation in DCs, providing a mechanistic rationale for the administration of tanimilast on top of inhaled corticosteroids.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Sara Monaci, Federica Coppola, Daniela Rossi, Gaia Giuntini, Irene Filippi, Giuseppe Marotta, Silvano Sozzani, Fabio Carraro, Antonella Naldini
Summary: Hypoxia-induced autophagy in dendritic cells is regulated by PI3Ks, especially Vps34. The study highlights the role of autophagy in maintaining DC homeostasis and inflammatory response levels.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cinzia Fionda, Gianluca Scarno, Helena Stabile, Rosa Molfetta, Chiara Di Censo, Angela Gismondi, Rossella Paolini, Silvano Sozzani, Angela Santoni, Giuseppe Sciume
Summary: Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy globally, with NK cells and ILC playing crucial roles in the disease prognosis and outcome. Their cytotoxic functions are key in controlling CRC metastasis, and understanding their molecular mechanisms holds significance for CRC treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tiziana Schioppa, Hoang Oanh Nguyen, Laura Tiberio, Francesca Sozio, Carolina Gaudenzi, Mauro Passari, Annalisa Del Prete, Daniela Bosisio, Valentina Salvi
Summary: This study investigated the effects of HDIs on TNFAIP3 expression and identified two distinct mechanisms of action: direct inhibition through HDAC blockade and indirect decrease via TNF-α induction.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Annalisa Del Prete, Qi Wu
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Francesca Sozio, Tiziana Schioppa, Mattia Laffranchi, Valentina Salvi, Nicola Tamassia, Francisco M. Bianchetto-Aguilera, Laura Tiberio, Raffaella Bonecchi, Daniela Bosisio, Marc Parmentier, Barbara Bottazzi, Roberto Leone, Eleonora Russo, Giovanni Bernardini, Stefano Garofalo, Cristina Limatola, Angela Gismondi, Giuseppe Sciume, Alberto Mantovani, Annalisa Del Prete, Silvano Sozzani
Summary: Patterns of receptors play a crucial role in regulating the homing of leukocytes. A study reveals that the CCRL2/chemerin/CMKLR1 axis acts as a selective pathway for the homing of NK cells to the lung. Inactivation of CCRL2 or its ligand chemerin promotes lung tumor growth by affecting the recruitment of NK cells, while other receptors identified in lung-infiltrating NK cells are dispensable for this process.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Erica Dander, Paola Vinci, Stefania Vetrano, Camilla Recordati, Rocco Piazza, Grazia Fazio, Donatella Bardelli, Mattia Bugatti, Francesca Sozio, Andrea Piontini, Sonia Bonanomi, Luca Bertola, Elena Tassistro, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Stefano Calza, William Vermi, Andrea Biondi, Annalisa Del Prete, Silvano Sozzani, Giovanna D'Amico
Summary: Gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a major complication after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Chemerin, a chemotactic protein, and its receptor CMKLR1 play a role in leukocyte recruitment to inflamed tissues. In this study, chemerin levels were elevated in mice with GvHD, and knockout of CMKLR1 worsened GvHD symptoms and survival. Histological analysis showed severe colitis in CMKLR1 knockout mice, characterized by neutrophil infiltration, tissue damage, and inflammation. Similar findings were observed in transplant recipients and colitis-induced mice. Transferring wild-type monocytes into CMKLR1 knockout mice improved GvHD symptoms by reducing gut inflammation and T cell activation. Furthermore, higher serum chemerin levels were associated with GvHD development in patients. These results suggest that CMKLR1/chemerin pathway may play a protective role in controlling intestinal inflammation and tissue damage in GvHD.
Review
Immunology
Annalisa Del Prete, Valentina Salvi, Alessandra Soriani, Mattia Laffranchi, Francesca Sozio, Daniela Bosisio, Silvano Sozzani
Summary: Dendritic cells (DCs) have a specialized role in presenting antigens and play crucial roles in the immune response. They can cross-present tumor cell-associated antigens to T cells, which is important for controlling tumor growth. However, in an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, the function of DCs can be impaired.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)