Editorial Material
Immunology
Ali Sie, Mamadou Ouattara, Mamadou Bountogo, Clarisse Dah, Guillaume Compaore, Valentin Boudo, Elodie Lebas, Jessica Brogdon, Fanice Nyatigo, Benjamin F. Arnold, Thomas M. Lietman, Catherine E. Oldenburg
Summary: A study conducted in Nouna District, Burkina Faso, found that a high percentage of children under 5 years old visiting government-run primary healthcare facilities were prescribed antibiotics, with the majority being for pneumonia. Some prescriptions were given for diagnoses that did not necessitate antibiotics, such as malaria, nonbloody diarrhea, and cough without pneumonia.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Christine Tedijanto, McKenna Nevers, Matthew H. Samore, Marc Lipsitch
Summary: This study analyzed patterns of antibiotic use, infectious diagnoses, and microbiological laboratory results among hospitalized patients. The majority of antibiotic use could be linked to an infectious diagnosis or microbiological specimen. However, a significant proportion of antibiotic use occurred when there was no bacterial isolate, highlighting the need for improved diagnostics to optimize antibiotic use.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Laura M. King, Adam L. Hersh, Lauri A. Hicks, Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra
Summary: The study found that the duration of antibiotic therapy for common outpatient conditions typically exceeds guideline-recommended durations, with a median duration of 10 days for most conditions, except for acute cystitis.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Vanessa Lang, Katrin Gunka, Jan Rudolf Ortlepp, Ortrud Zimmermann, Uwe Gross
Summary: Nosocomial infections with Clostridioides difficile have emerged as a serious health threat. This study aimed to identify risk factors for C. difficile infection beyond the well-known factors. It found that regular consumption of proton pump inhibitors, low vegetable intake, and the use of the diuretic agent torasemid were additional risk factors for CDI.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Ravina Kullar, Stuart Johnson, Lynne V. McFarland, Ellie J. C. Goldstein
Summary: Medical care for hospitalized COVID-19 patients is constantly evolving, with a majority receiving empiric antibiotics which can lead to antibiotic-related diarrhea. Strategies such as antimicrobial stewardship programs and specific probiotic strains have shown promise in reducing these adverse effects and are currently being studied in trials for COVID-19 patients.
Article
Immunology
Eric Wombwell
Summary: A retrospective matched-cohort study found that administration of Saccharomyces boulardii was associated with a 48% risk reduction for healthcare facility-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (HO-CDI) in patients receiving antibiotics. Patients receiving S. boulardii and antibiotics for pneumonia had a 57% reduced risk of HO-CDI. Administering S. boulardii with ceftriaxone was associated with a 76% reduced risk of HO-CDI compared to ceftriaxone alone.
MICROBES AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nathan Kirsch, Jane Ha, Hee-Taik Kang, Tina Frisch, Ji Won Yoo, Craig Grossman, Neema Oroomchi, Hidenobu Shigemitsu, Chad L. Cross, Mutsumi John Kioka
Summary: In hospitalized patients with suspected healthcare-associated pneumonia, using meropenem as a first-line antibiotic does not significantly affect morbidity and mortality rates of pneumonia patients. Patients admitted from a SNF/LTAC or with a history of positive cultures for MDR/ESBL pathogens are more likely to have positive cultures for MDR/ESBL pathogens during hospitalization.
Article
Pediatrics
Felix Orelaru, Patrick Karabon, Nathan Novotny, Begum Akay, Pavan Brahmamdam
Summary: This study found that Clostridium difficile infection is a rare but impactful complication of pediatric appendicitis, associated with greater disease severity. Proper antibiotic stewardship could minimize the risk of C. difficile in pediatric appendicitis.
PEDIATRIC SURGERY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Harris Carmichael, Steven M. Asch, Eran Bendavid
Summary: The study found that using antibiotics in patients with aURIs increases the occurrence of adverse events such as diarrhea, candidiasis, and Clostridium difficile infection, especially affecting female patients. Despite higher NNH compared to previous methods, the new analysis still shows that prescribing antibiotics in aURIs results in significant iatrogenic harm.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
George N. Coritsidis, Sean Yaphe, Ilay Rahkman, Teresa Lubowski, Carly Munro, Ti-Kuang Lee, Aaron Stern, Premila Bhat
Summary: This study investigated antibiotic prescribing practices in ESRD patients in New York State, highlighting a higher proportion of ESRD patients receiving antibiotics compared to non-ESRD patients, with some dosages not in line with current guidelines. The top infectious categories varied between ESRD and non-ESRD patients, emphasizing the need for appropriate antibiotic usage and education among healthcare providers.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kelly A. Cawcutt, Robin Patel, Jeff Gerber, Angela M. Caliendo, Sara E. Cosgrove, Elizabeth Dodds Ashley, Piero Garzaro, Melissa Miller, Ebbing Lautenbach
Summary: Respiratory tract infections are a common reason for outpatient visits, with a need to address the overprescription of antibiotics and rising antibiotic resistance. The availability of novel RTI diagnostics can help identify patients needing treatment, but optimal approaches for antibiotic stewardship in ambulatory settings remain unclear. Future research needs were discussed at a research summit convened by the Infectious Diseases Society of America in the fall of 2019.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Larissa Grigoryan, Michael K. Paasche-Orlow, Osvaldo Alquicira, Lindsey Laytner, Matthew Schlueter, Richard L. Street Jr, Juanita Salinas, Kenneth Barning, Hammad Mahmood, Thomas W. Porter, Fareed Khan, Jean L. Raphael, Fabrizia Faustinella, Barbara W. Trautner
Summary: This study evaluated the factors influencing the intention to use antibiotics without a prescription, including purchasing in the United States, obtaining from friends or relatives, purchasing abroad, or using any of these sources. The results showed that younger age, lack of health insurance, and high cost of doctor visits were predictors of intended use of nonprescription antibiotics. This highlights the potential harm of the fragmented and expensive healthcare system in the US.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mohammad Alrawashdeh, Chanu Rhee, Heather Hsu, Rui Wang, Kelly Horan, Grace M. Lee
Summary: This study examined the association between VBIP implementation and improved HO-CDI rates, showing a 6% immediate decline and a 4% decline in slope per quarter in HO-CDI rates after VBIP implementation. Further research is needed to understand the specific processes that contributed to this improvement and to inform future VBIP interventions.
Article
Immunology
Eric Wombwell, Mark E. Patterson, Bridget Bransteitter, Lisa R. Gillen
Summary: The study showed a reduced risk of HO-CDI in hospitalized patients prescribed antibiotics frequently associated with the infection when coadministered with Saccharomyces boulardii. Timing of administration also played a role, with reduced risk seen when the probiotic was given within 24 hours of antibiotic start.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Edoardo Muratore, Francesco Baccelli, Davide Leardini, Caterina Campoli, Tamara Belotti, Pierluigi Viale, Arcangelo Prete, Andrea Pession, Riccardo Masetti, Daniele Zama
Summary: Antimicrobial stewardship programs in pediatric oncology have been shown to be effective in reducing antibiotic usage and improving outcomes. However, there is limited research in this area, with different interventions and evaluation parameters used across studies. Standardized approaches are needed to better understand the impact of antimicrobial stewardship in pediatric oncology patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)