Review
Food Science & Technology
Caroline Thum, Nicole C. Roy, David W. Everett, Warren C. McNabb
Summary: Milk fat globules (MFGs) are composed of a triacylglycerol core surrounded by a triple membrane structure. The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) contains complex lipids and proteins with various functions. Different species of milk have variations in MFG size and MFGM composition, which may impact human health. Methods for purifying and enriching bioactive components in the MFGM are not yet established for human consumption. Selecting specific MFG size fractions or breeds may be a convenient way to meet human dietary and health requirements.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Qi Xue Huang, Jingna Yang, Mingyue Hu, Wenyan Lu, Kai Zhong, Yueying Wang, Guoyu Yang, Juan J. Loor, Liqiang Han
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the profile of MFGM proteins during MFD induced by CLA. The results provide evidence for an important role of MFGM proteins in regulating MFG diameter, and they facilitate a mechanistic understanding of diet-induced MFD.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yibo Liu, Jinju Cheng, Lina Sun, Xiaodong Li, Lu Liu, Qian Ma, Chunli Ma, Zhibin Jia, Lihong Zhang, Qiumei Zhang, Youbin Leng
Summary: In this study, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) was used as an emulsifier to prepare human milk fat analog emulsions (MFEs), mimicking the composition of human milk fat globules. The MFEs showed high encapsulation rate and stable dispersion in the aqueous phase. Moreover, the MFEs exhibited viscoelastic behavior and formed a gel at lower pH, resembling the properties of human milk. The study also found that MFEs had digestion characteristics similar to human milk, with lipid droplets aggregating during gastric digestion but some parts of the globule structure remaining intact during intestinal digestion.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yue Pan, Lu Liu, Songfan Tian, Xiaodong Li, Muhammad Hussain, Chunmei Li, Lihong Zhang, Qiumei Zhang, Youbin Leng, Shilong Jiang, Shuyan Liang
Summary: The study analyzed and compared fat globule interfacial compositions and structures in human milk and three types of infant formulas (IF1, IF2, IF3). While IF1 was closer to human milk in terms of interfacial protein composition, it still lacked certain important bioactive proteins. Differences were also found in interfacial phospholipids between human milk and infant formulas, with IF1 having the closest composition. However, the study concluded that despite the inclusion of MFGM, infant formulas did not replicate the fat globule structures found in human milk.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Dingrong Liu, Chaoyue Zhang, Zhuangzhuang Chen, Xueying Zhang, Xiaolei Han, Lei Chen, Jinhua Hu, Peng Zhou
Summary: We investigated the changes in microstructure and composition of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) in fresh human milk under different storage temperatures. Freezing at -18°C resulted in the formation of ice crystals that ruptured the MFGM, while storage at -3°C maintained the stability of MFGM structure. Proteomics analysis identified significant changes in MFGM proteins under different storage temperatures, with -3°C showing similarity to the initial samples. Our findings suggest that -3°C is the optimal temperature for preserving MFGM integrity.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yan Liu, Yan Liu, Qian Liu, Junying Zhao, Weicang Qiao, Bin Liu, Baoyu Yang, Lijun Chen
Summary: Phospholipids play a crucial role in infant nutrition and cognitive development. It is believed that infant formula has lower levels of phospholipid species, content, and milk fat globule structural integrity compared to human milk. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses, it was found that the levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin were significantly lower in infant formula than in human milk. Different types of infant formula showed variations in phospholipid species and content, with cow's milk-based formula having the highest number of species. The size, zeta potential, and amount of milk fat globules in infant formula were also lower than those in human milk. These findings can be used to improve the design of infant formula to better mimic human milk.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Naiyan Lu, Jiyue Wang, Zhe Chen, Xuan Zhang, Chen Chen, Sisi Wang
Summary: The study found that pretreating milk samples with added phospholipids resulted in smaller MFGs particle size, lower ζ-potential, and improved storage stability. Laser confocal microscopy revealed that more surface area of MFGs was covered by phospholipids. Additionally, SDS-PAGE patterns showed that adding phospholipids reduced serum protein absorption and preserved more native MFGM proteins.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lauren R. Brink, Maciej Chichlowski, Nitida Pastor, Athmaram Thimmasandra Narayanappa, Neil Shah
Summary: The review summarizes components from human milk and infant nutrition that can support immunity against viral infections, such as lactoferrin and probiotics. These ingredients are beneficial for both children and adults, highlighting opportunities for further research in providing tangible nutrition solutions to enhance the immune system and combat infections.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Cavaletto, Annalisa Givonetti, Chiara Cattaneo
Summary: Human milk is the best food for newborns, containing immunological molecules, supra-molecular structures, and even entire cells. The components of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) play a key role in the structure and function of the milk. Differences between human and bovine MFGM components are reported and the benefits of supplementing infant formula with MFGM are highlighted.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xinhao Zhang, Bo Jiang, Chuanliang Ji, Haijing Li, Li Yang, Guimiao Jiang, Yantao Wang, Guangyuan Liu, Guiqin Liu, Lingjiang Min, Fuwei Zhao
Summary: Previous studies have suggested that donkey milk shares similar compositions with human milk and could be a hypoallergenic alternative for infants with cow's milk allergy. This study used label-free proteomics to compare differentially expressed milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins in donkey milk and human milk, identifying differences in immune system regulation, membrane invagination, and lymphocyte activation. The findings contribute to understanding the biological functions and potentially valuable information for nutritional quality assessment.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Boyuan Guan, Zhenghan Zhang, Xiaoyu Liu, Shanshan Zhao, Xue Bai, Xue Luo, Daguang Feng, Liu Yang, Xueyan Cao, Xiqing Yue
Summary: In this study, the site-specific N-glycosylation of human MFGM proteins during lactation was characterized and quantified using a glycopeptide-centered strategy. The results revealed dynamic changes in the N-glycosylation patterns of MFGM proteins, with certain N-glycoproteins and their specific sites showing significant increases or decreases during milk maturation. Furthermore, specific glycan structures in human MFGM glycoproteins were found to play a role in antigen processing and presentation. These findings deepen our understanding of site-specific N-glycosylation of MFGM proteins and provide a background reference for the development of infant formulas.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Acoustics
Yue Sun, Xiaoxue Yu, Muhammad Hussain, Xiaodong Li, Lu Liu, Yibo Liu, Shuaiyi Ma, Kouadio Jean Eric-parfait Kouame, Chunmei Li, Youbin Leng, Shilong Jiang
Summary: The present study investigated the effect of ultrasonic treatment time on the properties of milk fat globule membrane and milk protein concentrate. The results showed that ultrasonic treatment improved emulsion stability and encapsulation efficiency, and also enhanced protein solubility. These findings provide a basis for quality control of infant formula.
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Joshua Oladapo Ibitoye, Binh Ly-Nguyen, Duy Nghia Le, Koen Dewettinck, Antoine P. Trzcinski, Thi Thanh Que Phan
Summary: In this study, set yogurts produced from homogenized raw milk (HRM) showed significantly higher water-holding capacity, firmness, and apparent viscosity compared to those produced from non-homogenized raw milk (NRM). The inclusion of homogenization improved the quality of set yogurts by promoting interaction between milk fat globule membrane components and milk proteins, resulting in a dense and compact microstructure in HRM.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Cuina Wang, Ru Zhao, Xinxin Liu, Yingcong Lu, Jianjun Cheng, Shilong Jiang, Mingruo Guo
Summary: Proteomics comparison of human milk fat globular membrane proteins between Korean and Han ethnic groups in China revealed differences in protein expression, with many differentially expressed proteins being higher in Korean women's milk. Enrichment analysis also identified the functions and pathways in which these differentially expressed proteins were involved. These findings provide valuable information for the development of infant formula products.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Maria Senorans, Veronica Gallo, Maria V. Calvo, Javier Fontecha
Summary: Recent studies have shown that regular consumption of milk fat globule membranes (MFGMs) has positive effects on neural and cognitive development, as well as immune and gastrointestinal health in infants and elders. Dairy by-products generated from the butter and butter oil manufacturing process are valuable sources of MFGM. Therefore, it is important to conduct research on the utilization of these by-products to obtain MFGM-enriched ingredients for the production of biologically active products.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hans Demmelmair, Anita MacDonald, Urania Kotzaeridou, Peter Burgard, Domingo Gonzalez-Lamuno, Elvira Verduci, Melike Ersoy, Gulden Gokcay, Behiye Alyanak, Eva Reischl, Wolfgang Mueller-Felber, Fabienne Lara Faber, Uschi Handel, Sabrina Paci, Berthold Koletzko
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Engy Shokry, Kamran Sadiq, Sajid Soofi, Atif Habib, Naveed Bhutto, Arjumand Rizvi, Imran Ahmad, Hans Demmelmair, Olaf Uhl, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Berthold Koletzko
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ella Schaefer, Hans Demmelmair, Jeannie Horak, Lesca Holdt, Veit Grote, Karoline Maar, Christoph Neuhofer, Daniel Teupser, Nadja Thiel, Erwin Goeckeler-Leopold, Silvia Maggini, Berthold Koletzko
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cristina Campoy, Hatim Azaryah, Francisco J. Torres-Espinola, Cristina Martinez-Zaldivar, Jose Antonio Garcia-Santos, Hans Demmelmair, Gudrun Haile, Peter Rzehak, Berthold Koletzko, Eszter Gyorei, Tamas Decsi, Maria del Carmen Ramirez-Tortosa, Eva Reischl, Anne M. Molloy, Juan de Dios Luna, Miguel Perez-Garcia
Summary: Maternal prenatal supplementation with fish oil (FO), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) and placebo or FO + 5-MTHF does not have a significant effect on children's processing speed up to age 9. However, higher maternal arachidonic acid (AA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ratio and FADS1 rs174556 heterozygosity are associated with better processing speed performance at 9 years old. Maternal factors, including AA/DHA levels and genetic background (particularly FADS polymorphisms), play a role in the speed processing development of children up to 9 years old.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Emily Newton-Tanzer, Hans Demmelmair, Jeannie Horak, Lesca Holdt, Berthold Koletzko, Veit Grote
Summary: Protein intake in early life has significant impacts on postprandial metabolism, with higher protein consumption leading to increased concentrations of branch-chain amino acids and insulin. The effects of protein intake on glucose and insulin levels may be attributed to gluconeogenesis and amino acid degradation over time.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hans Demmelmair, Berthold Koletzko
Summary: High obesity rates around the world point to an urgent need for effective obesity prevention measures. Animal studies suggest that the effects of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids on adipogenesis may be mediated through various mechanisms. Divergent findings from human clinical trials and observational studies suggest that recommendations for humans regarding PUFA and obesity risk are not yet possible.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Talat Bashir Ahmed, Merete Eggesbo, Rachel Criswell, Olaf Uhl, Hans Demmelmair, Berthold Koletzko
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fatty acid (FA) and polar lipid species composition in human milk. The results showed that there were no differences in major FA, phosphatidylcholine, or sphingomyelin species percentages between milk with high or low fat content. However, milk with high fat content had lower ratios of phospholipid-to-total-FA and sphingomyelin-to-phosphatidylcholine compared to milk with low fat content.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rachel L. Criswell, Nina Iszatt, Hans Demmelmair, Talat Bashir Ahmed, Berthold Koletzko, Virissa C. Lenters, Merete A. Eggesbo
Summary: This study describes the composition of fatty acids in human milk and investigates the associations between fatty acids and infant growth. The study found that excessive pregnancy weight gain was positively associated with certain fatty acids and inversely associated with others. Factors such as multiparity and gestational age were also associated with different types of fatty acids. Certain fatty acids were found to be related to infant growth.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hans Demmelmair, Manja Fleddermann, Berthold Koletzko
Summary: This study examined the long-term effects of different infant feeding choices on growth measures until the age of seven. The results showed that the three study groups did not differ in their anthropometric measures, but the IGF-1 serum concentrations at four months were associated with weight, height, and BMI at the age of seven. The findings suggest that diet-induced modulation of IGF-1 in the first months of life may have lasting programming effects on later growth.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carla P. Harris, Carlana Ramlochansingh, Olaf Uhl, Hans Demmelmair, Joachim Heinrich, Berthold Koletzko, Marie Standl, Elisabeth Thiering
Summary: This study evaluated the associations between different dietary patterns during pregnancy and cord blood metabolites. The findings showed that a fish and shellfish diet was associated with specific fatty acid levels, while a meat and potato diet was associated with levels of propionylcarnitine. These associations highlight potential metabolic pathways involved in the early programming of health and disease through maternal diet.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kim N. N. Cajachagua-Torres, Sophia M. M. Blaauwendraad, Hanan El Marroun, Hans Demmelmair, Berthold Koletzko, Romy Gaillard, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
Summary: Fetal tobacco exposure is associated with changes in neonatal metabolite profiles, with different effects observed during different stages of maternal smoking.