Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ziying Lei, Jing Zhang, Emily A. Mueller, Yao Xiao, Katherine R. Kolozsvari, Anne J. McNeil, Mark M. Banaszak Holl, Andrew P. Ault
Summary: In this study, the Tg and composition of individual atmospheric particles were determined using NanoTA and AFM-PTIR techniques. The results showed intraparticle variation in chemical composition and Tg, which could potentially improve the modeling of aerosol impacts on clouds and climate.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sophie Bogler, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, David M. Bell, Andre S. H. Prevot, Imad El Haddad, Nadine Borduas-Dedekind
Summary: This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution of singlet-state oxygen (1O2) in organic aerosols (OA) through analyzing PM10 extracts in two locations in Switzerland. The results show that 1O2 concentration exhibits a seasonal variation, with a peak in wintertime. Biomass burning and anthropogenic secondary OA are identified as the main drivers for 1O2 formation. Furthermore, an empirical fit is developed to estimate 1O2 concentrations based on PM10 components.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sophie Bogler, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, David M. Bell, Andre S. H. Prevot, Imad El Haddad, Nadine Borduas-Dedekind
Summary: The first excited state of molecular oxygen, singlet-state oxygen (1O2), is formed by indirect photochemistry of chromophoric organic matter. In this study, the spatiotemporal distribution of 1O2 in PM10 extracts from two locations in Switzerland was investigated. The results showed that 1O2 concentrations exhibited a seasonality, with the highest concentration observed in wintertime. Biomass burning and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols were identified as the main drivers for 1O2 formation. The amount and chemical composition of brown carbon in PM10 impacted the concentration of sensitized 1O2 in each extract. An empirical fit was developed to estimate 1O2 concentrations based on PM10 components, providing a method to estimate 1O2 using existing source apportionment data.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Manabu Shiraiwa, Ulrich Poeschl
Summary: The study introduces an effective mass accommodation coefficient that considers the penetration depth into the particle phase, addressing key issues in the gas-particle partitioning of organic compounds in secondary organic aerosols (SOA).
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Naihua Chen, Jianyong You, Jie Huang, Yuxiang Yang, Haoran Lin, Xin Qi, Xiaoxiao Chen, Yushan Yang, Baoye Hu
Summary: A four-season observation of PM2.5-bound SOA tracers was conducted on a coastal island in southeastern China to better understand the formation and characteristics of SOA in coastal areas. The study found that the total concentrations of SOA tracers were higher in the fall and summer compared to spring and winter. The highest concentration among the tracers was observed for the tracer of biomass burning, followed by tracers from isoprene, alpha/beta pinene, beta-caryophyllene, and toluene.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Matthew D. Wright, Alison J. Buckley, James C. Matthews, Dudley E. Shallcross, Denis L. Henshaw
Summary: There is a possibility that corona ions from high voltage power lines can increase the electrostatic charge on airborne pollutant particles, which may lead to an increased dose upon inhalation. However, most high voltage power lines do not significantly increase the charge magnitude, except for specific types that can increase net charge up to 15 times that of background levels. Rainfall can cause charge alteration comparable to the most extreme high voltage power lines measurement. Based on current evidence, it is unlikely that increased lung deposition will occur, considering the current adult lung model.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Sahir Azmi, Mukesh Sharma, Pavan Kumar Nagar
Summary: This study estimates the contributions of different fuel sectors to the formation of anthropogenic and biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosols (a-SOA and b-SOA) globally. The results show that liquid oil and natural gas emissions, process and non-combustion emissions, and solid biofuels are the dominant contributors to SOA formation at the global scale. Eliminating emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels can effectively prevent over 54% of SOA formations.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kelsey R. Bilsback, Yicong He, Christopher D. Cappa, Rachel Ying-Wen Chang, Betty Croft, Randall Martin, Nga Lee Ng, John H. Seinfeld, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Shantanu H. Jathar
Summary: A study shows that experimental artifacts in environmental chambers can affect atmospheric models of secondary organic aerosol (OA). By combining a box model and a pseudo-atmospheric simulation, we derived parameters for use in chemical transport models and found that the effects of V2PWL can be ignored.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dagen D. Hughes, Megan B. Christiansen, Alissa Milani, Michael P. Vermeuel, Gordon A. Novak, Hariprasad D. Alwe, Angela F. Dickens, R. Bradley Pierce, Dylan B. Millet, Timothy H. Bertram, Charles O. Stanier, Elizabeth A. Stone
Summary: The Lake Michigan Ozone Study conducted in 2017 aimed to understand the sources contributing to ozone and fine particles along the Lake Michigan coast. The study found that different weather patterns during high ozone periods affected the regional characteristics of PM2.5. The research also highlighted the importance of anthropogenic sulfate emissions and aerosol acidity on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiangyao Chen, Jiani Li, Xiaoyan Chen, Jianwei Gu, Taicheng An
Summary: This study investigates the interconversion between monocarbonyls and dicarbonyls and their role in the production of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) during the photochemical oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons. The results show that the formation of monocarbonyls leads to a decrease in SOA production, while the presence of OH radicals affects the balance of photolysis and influences SOA formation. These interconversion reactions play a significant role in reducing SOA production.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pedro Trechera, Meritxell Garcia-Marles, Xiansheng Liu, Cristina Reche, Noemi Perez, Marjan Savadkoohi, David Beddows, Imre Salma, Mate Vorosmarty, Andrea Casans, Juan Andres Casquero-Vera, Christoph Hueglin, Nicolas Marchand, Benjamin Chazeau, Gregory Gille, Panayiotis Kalkavouras, Nikos Mihalopoulos, Jakub Ondracek, Nadia Zikova, Jarkko V. Niemi, Hanna E. Manninen, David C. Green, Anja H. Tremper, Michael Norman, Stergios Vratolis, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Francisco J. Gomez-Moreno, Elisabeth Alonso-Blanco, Holger Gerwig, Alfred Wiedensohler, Kay Weinhold, Maik Merkel, Susanne Bastian, Jean-Eudes Petit, Olivier Favez, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Nicolas Ferlay, Sebastiao Martins Dos Santos, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Hilkka Timonen, Janne Lampilahti, Christof Asbach, Carmen Wolf, Heinz Kaminski, Hicran Altug, Barbara Hoffmann, David Q. Rich, Marco Pandolfi, Roy M. Harrison, Philip K. Hopke, Tuukka Petaja, Andres Alastuey, Xavier Querol
Summary: This study evaluated the hourly particle number size distributions (PNSD) from 26 sites in Europe and 1 in the US, focusing on urban background (UB) and traffic (TR) sites. The objective was to describe the characteristics of urban ultrafine particles (UFP) in Europe. The results showed variations in PNC and BC across different regions and site types, with traffic emissions being a major contributor. The study emphasized the need for specific monitoring of PNSD and measurements of <10 nm PNC for assessing the health effects of nanoparticles.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chengge Hu, Fange Yue, Haicong Zhan, Kenneth M. Y. Leung, Hongwei Liu, Weihua Gu, Runqi Zhang, Afeng Chen, Xinming Wang, Zhouqing Xie
Summary: In order to understand the formation process of biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOA and ASOA) in the marine atmosphere under global warming, aerosol samples were collected from the Bering Sea to the western North Pacific over three summers. The results showed that concentrations of isoprene-derived SOA (SOAI) tracers were lowest in 2014, while concentrations of monoterpenes-derived SOA (SOAM) tracers were highest and the aerosols were more aged in that year. Spatially, SOA tracer concentrations were higher over the western North Pacific, mainly coming from terrestrial inputs. The study reveals significant contributions of terrestrial sources to different types of SOA over the western North Pacific.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Duseong S. Jo, Benjamin A. Nault, Simone Tilmes, Andrew Gettelman, Christina S. Mccluskey, Alma Hodzic, Daven K. Henze, Muhammad Omar Nawaz, Ka Ming Fung, Jose L. Jimenez
Summary: This study quantifies the health and climate effects of organic aerosols (OA) from anthropogenic, biomass burning, and biogenic sources. The findings show that anthropogenic primary OA (POA) has the highest efficiency for health effects but the lowest for direct radiative effects. Biogenic OA exhibits moderate efficiency for health effects and the highest for direct radiative effects, while biomass burning OA plays a significant role in cloud radiative effect changes in remote atmospheres.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuechen Liu, Xiangxinyue Meng, Zhijun Wu, Dandan Huang, Hongli Wang, Jie Chen, Jingchuan Chen, Taomou Zong, Xin Fang, Tianyi Tan, Gang Zhao, Shiyi Chen, Liwu Zeng, Song Guo, Xiaofeng Huang, Lingyan He, Limin Zeng, Min Hu
Summary: Through experiments and observations, it was found that under dry conditions, biomass burning aerosols (BBA) are in a non-solid state, differing from secondary organic aerosols (SOA). This suggests that under dry conditions, the diffusion coefficient of gaseous molecules in BBA may be much higher than in SOA.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yangzhou Wu, Dantong Liu, Ping Tian, Jiujiang Sheng, Quan Liu, Ruijie Li, Kang Hu, Xiaotong Jiang, Siyuan Li, Kai Bi, Delong Zhao, Mengyu Huang, Deping Ding, Junfeng Wang
Summary: Secondary particulate matter has adverse effects on air quality and human health. The production or reaction rate of secondary aerosols is influenced by diverse emissions and meteorological conditions. This study found that primary organic aerosols and volatile organic compounds from traffic sources are important contributors to secondary aerosol formation. The feedback effects between radiation and moisture alter the formation mechanism of secondary aerosols.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eleni Karnezi, Liine Heikkinen, Markku Kulmala, Spyros N. Pandis
Summary: Various parameterizations of organic aerosol (OA) formation and its subsequent evolution are evaluated using ground measurements collected during the 2013 PEGASOS field campaign. The performance of different chemical aging schemes is examined, considering biogenic and anthropogenic OA components. All schemes show satisfactory results and predict similar contributions of different OA sources and pathways. Biogenic secondary OA has the highest contribution, followed by anthropogenic secondary OA and oxidation of intermediate-volatility compounds. Primary OA and long-range transport also contribute to OA formation.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Christos Kaltsonoudis, Olga Zografou, Angeliki Matrali, Elias Panagiotopoulos, Alexandros Lekkas, Mariangela Kosmopoulou, Dimitris Papanastasiou, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Spyros N. Pandis
Summary: A new gas inlet port and ionization scheme have been developed and coupled to a high-resolution TOF MS for the detection and measurement of atmospheric VOCs and IVOCs. The instrument exhibits superior performance, with linear response to a wide range of organic compounds and detection limits as low as 1 ppt.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ioannis D. Apostolopoulos, George Fouskas, Spyros N. Pandis
Summary: This study investigates different approaches for the field calibration of the low-cost air quality monitoring device ENSENSIA in Greece. The Random Forest algorithm exhibited the best performance in correcting O-3 and NO2, reducing mean error and improving R-2 values. The Long-Short Term Memory Network (LSTM) also showed good performance in correcting the measurements of the two pollutants.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Panos Hadjinicolaou, Anna Tzyrkalli, George Zittis, Jos Lelieveld
Summary: In this study, observed temperature trends in the Mediterranean and the Middle East-North Africa (MENA) region were updated, with a focus on their temporal and spatial features and the potential influences from urbanization. Monthly mean temperature data from 370 stations were analyzed, indicating a strong warming trend during 1981-2020, with an average annual trend of 0.36°C per decade for the MENA region, and faster warming rates in spring and summer. The trends were also found to be correlated with longitude, with faster warming rates in the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. The study revealed a discernible, yet small, urbanization signature, with urban center stations showing a slightly greater warming trend compared to rural or all stations, particularly in summer and autumn.
EARTH SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Pascale S. J. Lakey, Bryan E. Cummings, Michael S. Waring, Glenn C. Morrison, Manabu Shiraiwa
Summary: Indoor surfaces can influence the concentrations and types of species people are exposed to indoors. We proposed a new approach using the effective mass accommodation coefficient to model organic film formation and growth. Our findings suggest that the deposition velocity of species and film growth are impacted by the diffusivity of highly viscous films.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Seyed Omid Nabavi, Theodoros Christoudias, Yiannis Proestos, Christos Fountoukis, Huda Al-Sulaiti, Jos Lelieveld
Summary: This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution of radionuclides transported to Qatar from the Barakah nuclear power plant in the UAE. FLEXPART and FLEXPART-WRF models are used, and the simulations show differences in the distribution of I-131 and Cs-137 based on different datasets. The results indicate that the majority of radionuclide deposition occurs within 80 hours after release.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Klaus Klingmueller, Jos Lelieveld
Summary: This article presents a data-driven aeolian dust model that combines machine learning and physical equations to predict atmospheric dust concentrations and quantify the sources. The model was trained using satellite observations and meteorological data, and it shows significant improvement in representing aeolian dust in a global atmospheric chemistry-climate model.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eleni Dovrou, Steven Lelieveld, Ashmi Mishra, Ulrich Poeschl, Thomas Berkemeier
Summary: Air pollution, particularly PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants, can generate ROS in the ELF. H2O2 concentrations in the ELF are primarily determined by endogenous release and inhalation of ambient gas-phase H2O2, rather than the chemical production of H2O2 through inhaled PM2.5. The production of OH radicals was strongly correlated with Fenton chemistry of PM2.5, indicating the potential health effects of air pollutants may be due to the conversion of peroxides into more reactive species.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ting Lei, Hang Su, Nan Ma, Ulrich Poeschl, Alfred Wiedensohler, Yafang Cheng
Summary: This study investigates the hygroscopicity of different sized organic particles (levoglucosan and D-glucose) using a nano-HTDMA. The results show strong size-dependent hygroscopic growth for levoglucosan particles below 20 nm and above 6 nm, while it cannot be determined for D-glucose due to evaporation. The predicted water activity agrees well with observations at low solute concentrations but deviates at high solute concentrations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Berkemeier, Matteo Krueger, Aryeh Feinberg, Marcel Mueller, Ulrich Poeschl, Ulrich K. Krieger
Summary: This study demonstrates how machine learning methods can be used to generate inexpensive surrogate models for predicting reaction times in multiphase chemical systems. Two common methods, polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) and neural networks (NNs), were applied and compared in generating these surrogate models. The results show that PCE is suitable for determining global sensitivity indices, while NNs can accelerate inverse modeling applications. Overall, the investigated surrogate models are fast, accurate, and robust, indicating their potential applicability as sub-modules in large-scale atmospheric models.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lenard L. Roeder, Patrick Dewald, Clara M. Nussbaumer, Jan Schuladen, John N. Crowley, Jos Lelieveld, Horst Fischer
Summary: In this study, the applications and limitations of sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) filters in atmospheric chemistry field experiments are explored. The proposed algorithm is simple, fast, versatile, and provides a complete probability distribution. It effectively reduces uncertainty in measured variables by combining measurements with known system dynamics. The extension of the algorithm with an activity variable enhances its robustness and provides quantitative measure of dominant processes.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ting Fang, Brian C. H. Hwang, Sukriti Kapur, Katherine S. Hopstock, Jinlai Wei, Vy Nguyen, Sergey A. Nizkorodov, Manabu Shiraiwa
Summary: Wildfires in the era of climate change emit substantial amounts of particulate matter into the atmosphere, which significantly impacts air quality and public health. However, there is a lack of data on the specific components of these particulate matter that are associated with wildfires, hindering our understanding of their effects on climate and human health.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Haley M. Royer, Mira L. Poehlker, Ovid Krueger, Edmund Blades, Peter Sealy, Nurun Nahar Lata, Zezhen Cheng, Swarup China, Andrew P. Ault, Patricia K. Quinn, Paquita Zuidema, Christopher Poehlker, Ulrich Poeschl, Meinrat Andreae, Cassandra J. Gaston
Summary: By comparing multiple observational campaigns from January to February 2020, this study reveals the importance of African smoke for atmospheric processes and cloud formation over the Caribbean.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yunfan Liu, Hang Su, Siwen Wang, Chao Wei, Wei Tao, Mira L. Poehlker, Christopher Poehlker, Bruna A. Holanda, Ovid O. Krueger, Thorsten Hoffmann, Manfred Wendisch, Paulo Artaxo, Ulrich Poeschl, Meinrat O. Andreae, Yafang Cheng
Summary: Nucleation and condensation of BVOCs play a crucial role in aerosol formation, but their contribution to upper-tropospheric aerosols is uncertain. In this study, new schemes describing these processes are developed and implemented into the WRF-Chem model. The results show that the new schemes significantly improve the simulation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations in the upper troposphere over the Amazon Basin. The findings highlight the importance of biosphere-atmosphere coupling in regulating upper-tropospheric aerosol concentrations and its potential role in anthropogenic climate change.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Lukas Eickhoff, Maddalena Bayer-Giraldi, Naama Reicher, Yinon Rudich, Thomas Koop
Summary: In this study, the ice nucleation activity of Antarctic sea ice diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus was investigated. This diatom is an important primary producer of organic carbon in the Southern Ocean. It has developed mechanisms to cope with extreme conditions, such as producing ice-binding proteins and extracellular polymeric substances. The experiments revealed an increase in ice nucleation temperatures for seawater containing F. cylindrus diatoms compared to pure seawater.