Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Megan N. Michalski, Bart O. Williams
Summary: This review discusses the development and application of genetically engineered mouse models in musculoskeletal biology research, with a particular focus on tissue-specific gene knockout and the impact of CRISPR/Cas technology.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joep Beumer, Julia Bauza-Martinez, Tim S. Veth, Veerle Geurts, Charelle Boot, Hannah Gilliam-Vigh, Steen S. Poulsen, Filip K. Knop, Wei Wu, Hans Clevers
Summary: This study investigates the production of peptide hormones in human EECs using human gut organoids. By modifying the endopeptidase and exopeptidase genes in EECs with CRISPR-Cas9, the researchers identify the production of glucagon in intestinal EECs. Mass spectrometry-based analyses are used to monitor peptide processing and map the substrates and products of major EEC proteases. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of peptide hormone production in human EECs.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Marta Balog, Allison Anderson, Channabasavaiah B. Gurumurthy, Rolen M. Quadros, Zeljka Korade, Karoly Mirnics
Summary: In this study, two knock-in mouse models with Cre recombinase in SST and CCK-expressing cells were generated using the Easi-CRISPR system. These models serve as valuable tools for studying the biology of SST and CCK across different tissue types and lifespan, and can be used for in vitro and in vivo research.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Hamza Arshad, Joel C. Watts
Summary: In recent years, advances in gene editing technology have allowed for the propagation of prions in immortalized cell lines from the central nervous system, expanding the range of prion strains that can be propagated in cultured cells and tissue-based models.
CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Annelise Cassidy, Melda Onal, Stephane Pelletier
Summary: Genetically modified mouse models have greatly contributed to our understanding of biological systems. Recent advances in genome editing technologies have made it easier and more precise to manipulate the mouse genome.
Article
Biology
Savannah J. Lusk, Andrew McKinney, Patrick J. Hunt, Paul G. Fahey, Jay Patel, Andersen Chang, Jenny J. Sun, Vena K. Martinez, Ping Jun Zhu, Jeremy R. Egbert, Genevera Allen, Xiaolong Jiang, Benjamin R. Arenkiel, Andreas S. Tolias, Mauro Costa-Mattioli, Russell S. Ray
Summary: The simplified CRISPR toolkit presented here offers a rapid, inexpensive, and convenient method for producing intersectional alleles. These alleles can be easily created for any cell population or subpopulation of interest, allowing for the development of diverse, modifiable animal models. The toolkit, along with the derived intersectional mouse and ES cell lines, is openly available for non-commercial use.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Weili Yang, Xiusheng Chen, Shihua Li, Xiao-Jiang Li
Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases encompass a range of neurological disorders characterized by the degeneration of nerve cells due to misfolded proteins. While genetically modified rodent models provide insights into the pathogenesis, they often lack the selective neurodegeneration seen in patients' brains. Studies on large animal models, such as pigs and monkeys, suggest they may more faithfully replicate pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases.
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Vanessa Chenouard, Severine Remy, Laurent Tesson, Severine Menoret, Laure-Helene Ouisse, Yacine Cherifi, Ignacio Anegon
Summary: This review discusses the extensive use of rats as small animal models in genetic engineering, focusing on their application in human genetic diseases and immune system analysis. It also highlights the competitive advantages of rat models over mouse models, particularly in addressing specific scientific questions.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xuesong Wang, Rashmi Ray, Sven Kratochvil, Eleonora Melzi, Ying-Cing Lin, Sophie Giguere, Liling Xu, John Warner, Diane Cheon, Alessia Liguori, Bettina Groschel, Nicole Phelps, Yumiko Adachi, Ryan Tingle, Lin Wu, Shane Crotty, Kathrin H. Kirsch, Usha Nair, William R. Schief, Facundo D. Batista
Summary: The one-step CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in method efficiently inserts human germline immunoglobulin genes into mice, rapidly generating BCR knock-in mouse models expressing native human precursors. These models have functional B cells that can be used to study immune responses to HIV and other infectious diseases.
Article
Biology
Han-Xiang Deng, Hong Zhai, Yong Shi, Guoxiang Liu, Jessica Lowry, Bin Liu, Eanna B. Ryan, Jianhua Yan, Yi Yang, Nigel Zhang, Zhihua Yang, Erdong Liu, Yongchao C. Ma, Teepu Siddique
Summary: Deng et al. assess the effects of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in two transgenic mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) for up to 2 years. They find that the genomic editing prevented the development of ALS-like pathology without any notable side-effects, which provides preclinical evidence of the effectiveness and long-term safety of the CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutic approach.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jiyeon Kweon, Jung-Ki Yoon, An-Hee Jang, Ha Rim Shin, Ji-Eun See, Gayoung Jang, Jong-Il Kim, Yongsub Kim
Summary: The engineered prime editors leverage various PAM-flexible Cas9 variants to broaden the range of target sites and achieve high editing activity, successfully generating multiple types of mutations in cells. Additionally, they successfully introduce mutations such as BRAF V600E that cannot be induced by conventional prime editors, expanding the applicability of CRISPR-based prime editing technologies in biological research.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jason Tasoulas, Sonal Srivastava, Xiaonan Xu, Valentina Tarasova, Anastasios Maniakas, Florian A. Karreth, Antonio L. Amelio
Summary: The head and neck region is highly susceptible to cancer, with over 1.5 million new cases reported worldwide in 2020. Significant progress has been made in understanding the disease mechanisms and tailoring treatments to individual tumor characteristics using genetically engineered mouse models. These models have successfully replicated various aspects of head and neck cancers.
Review
Oncology
Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian, Moein Farshchian, Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
Summary: Esophageal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and understanding the mechanisms of its development is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Genetically engineered mouse models provide valuable insights into cancer pathogenesis and treatment strategies, despite the differences between mice and humans. By addressing challenges in modeling and utilizing advanced technologies, researchers can maximize the value of studying esophageal cancer in GEMMs.
EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Tiago Bordeira Gaspar, Jose Manuel Lopes, Paula Soares, Joao Vinagre
Summary: This article reviews the latest research progress on mouse models of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) and their correlation with human tumors. The article includes models with genetic alterations in Men1 and glucagon receptor genes, as well as unique models of early-onset, highly vascularized, invasive carcinomas. It also discusses the most recent models evaluating pathways related to cell cycle and apoptosis, Pi3k/Akt/mTOR, and Atrx/Daxx. The article provides researchers with a guide summarizing the main clinical features and highlights the challenges to overcome for future models to better replicate human disease.
ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER
(2022)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Yoshiharu Muto, Benjamin D. Humphreys
Summary: Lineage tracing was originally developed to identify all progeny of a single cell during morphogenesis, but has since been applied to organ homeostasis and injury recovery. Modern techniques rely on reporter gene expression induced by cell-specific DNA recombination, and recent advances include intersectional genetics and sequencing-based genomic lineage tracing.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Sanah N. Vohra, Andrea Walens, Alina M. Hamilton, Mark E. Sherman, Pepper Schedin, Hazel B. Nichols, Katherine E. Reeder-Hayes, Andrew F. Olshan, Michael Love, Melissa A. Troester
Summary: Breast cancers in recently postpartum women may have worse outcomes compared to nulliparous women. Parity has a dominant effect on tumor molecular features, while the effect of pregnancy recency is smaller. The immune cell scores are altered according to the time since last childbirth.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Andrea S. Kierans, Kyle J. Lafata, Daniel R. Ludwig, Lauren M. B. Burke, Victoria Chernyak, Kathryn J. Fowler, Tyler J. Fraum, Katrina A. McGinty, Matthew D. F. McInnes, Mishal Mendiratta-Lala, Guilherme Moura Cunha, Brian C. Allen, Elizabeth M. Hecht, Tracy A. Jaffe, Kevin R. Kalisz, Damithri S. Ranathunga, Benjamin Wildman-Tobriner, Diana M. Cardona, Anum Aslum, Sonia Gaur, Mustafa R. Bashir
Summary: This study compared overall survival and progression free survival between patients with LR-M hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), and evaluated factors associated with prognosis. The results showed similar overall survival in patients with LR-M HCC and LR-M iCCA, suggesting that LR-M imaging features may be more accurate predictors of patient outcomes than histology.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Rutulkumar Patel, Yvonne M. Mowery, Yi Qi, Alex M. Bassil, Matt Holbrook, Eric S. Xu, Cierra S. Hong, Jonathon E. Himes, Nerissa T. Williams, Jeffrey Everitt, Yan Ma, Lixia Luo, Sara R. Selitsky, Jennifer L. Modliszewski, Junheng Gao, Sin -Ho Jung, David G. Kirsch, Cristian T. Badea
Summary: This study aims to investigate the effect of adding neoadjuvant radiotherapy and anti-PD-1 therapy to surgical resection on disease-free survival for mice with soft tissue sarcomas. The results showed that the combination of anti-PD-1, radiotherapy, and surgery improved local recurrence-free survival and disease-free survival. However, only radiotherapy, not anti-PD-1, significantly improved local recurrence-free survival and metastasis-free survival. The study also found that sarcoma metastasis is regulated by both immunosurveillance and tumor cell-intrinsic mechanisms.
MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Corbin D. Jacobs, Ian Barak, Sin-Ho Jung, Daniel J. Rocke, Russel R. Kahmke, Gita Suneja, Yvonne M. Mowery
Summary: This study developed and validated a prediction model to estimate the impact of postoperative radiotherapy on overall survival in patients with resected major salivary gland cancers. The model accurately predicts survival rates based on readily available clinicopathologic features, helping clinicians make personalized adjuvant therapy decisions.
Article
Pathology
Stephanie J. Blocker, Samantha Morrison, Jeffrey I. Everitt, James Cook, Sheng Luo, Tammara L. Watts, Yvonne M. Mowery
Summary: This study utilized automated image analysis techniques in whole-slide images of HNSCC tumors to identify relationships between cytometric features and genomic phenotypes. The study found significant associations between cytometric features and integrated genomic subtype, particularly in distinguishing the basal subtype from the chromosomal instability and immune subtypes based on cytometric feature measurements.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Medical Laboratory Technology
Diana M. Cardona
ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Justin M. Barnes, Evan M. Graboyes, Eric Adjei Boakye, Mario Schootman, Junzo P. Chino, Haley A. Moss, Yvonne M. Mowery, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters
Summary: The purpose of this study was to assess insurance coverage and forgoing medical care due to cost in cancer survivors from 2016 to 2019. The results showed that the number of insured cancer survivors decreased by 161,000 and there was an increase of 169,000 in those forgoing medical care due to cost. The most significant impact was observed among low-income individuals and those residing in non-expansion states.
JCO ONCOLOGY PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Alexander L. Lazarides, Bijan Abar, Bruce Leckey, John T. Martin, Evelyna G. Kliassov, Brian E. Brigman, William C. Eward, Diana M. Cardona, Julia D. Visgauss
Summary: This study aimed to identify histopathologic features associated with 5-year survival in chondrosarcoma. The results showed that tumor necrosis and intravascular cancer emboli were important factors for prognosis.
Article
Dermatology
Ashley Rose Scholl, Evelyna Kliassov, Diana M. Cardona, Rex Bentley, Rami N. Al-Rohil
Summary: We report a unique case of atypical cutaneous myoepithelial neoplasm with EWSR1::NR4A3 fusion in a 72-year-old female. This type of neoplasm is rare and shares histopathologic features with salivary gland tumors. The presence of EWSR1::NR4A3 gene fusion is characteristic of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma.
JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Divya Natesan, Christina K. Cramer, Taofik Oyekunle, Donna Niedzwiecki, David M. Brizel, Yvonne M. Mowery
Summary: The study suggests that ipsilateral neck radiotherapy (IRT) may be an effective treatment for tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with multiple involved ipsilateral nodes, especially when baseline staging is performed with PET/CT.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Yvonne M. Mowery
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Ashlyn G. Rickard, Yvonne M. Mowery, Alex Bassil, Douglas C. Rouse, Nerissa T. Williams, Theresa Charity, Rafaela Belloni, Brian Crouch, Nimmi Ramanujam, Daniel Stevenson, Rico Castillo, Stephanie Blocker, Boris Epel, Mrignayani Kotecha, Gregory M. Palmer
Summary: Tumor hypoxia, which is less sensitive to radiation therapy, is a major obstacle in cancer treatment. This study investigated the use of EPROI imaging to quantify tumor oxygenation and assessed the impact of the mitochondrial inhibitor PPV on hypoxia and radiation response in two mouse tumor models. The results showed that hypoxic sarcomas were more radioresistant, and PPV did not sensitize tumors to radiation in both models.
MOLECULAR IMAGING AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Donna M. Peehl, Cristian T. Badea, Thomas L. Chenevert, Heike E. Daldrup-Link, Li Ding, Lacey E. Dobrolecki, A. McGarry Houghton, Paul E. Kinahan, John Kurhanewicz, Michael T. Lewis, Shunqiang Li, Gary D. Luker, Cynthia X. Ma, H. Charles Manning, Yvonne M. Mowery, Peter J. O'Dwyer, Robia G. Pautler, Mark A. Rosen, Raheleh Roudi, Brian D. Ross, Kooresh I. Shoghi, Renuka Sriram, Moshe Talpaz, Richard L. Wahl, Rong Zhou
Summary: The availability of high-fidelity animal models has increased, allowing for preclinical studies relevant to cancer research. Co-clinical trials conducted on animal models that mirror patients' tumors have seen increased opportunities. However, quantitative imaging in co-clinical trials still needs optimization.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wade R. Gutierrez, Jeffrey D. Rytlewski, Amanda Scherer, Grace A. Roughton, Nina C. Carnevale, Krisha Y. Vyas, Gavin R. McGivney, Qierra R. Brockman, Vickie Knepper-Adrian, Rebecca D. Dodd
CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biophysics
Made Harumi Padmaswari, Shilpi Agrawal, Mary S. Jia, Allie Ivy, Daniel A. Maxenberger, Landon A. Burcham, Christopher E. Nelson
Summary: Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disorder affecting male births, and gene editing, particularly CRISPR, shows promising potential for treating DMD.
BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS
(2023)