Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kaori L. Ito, Laura Cao, Renee Reinberg, Brenton Keller, John Monterosso, Nicolas Schweighofer, Sook-Lei Liew
Summary: The study compared online and in-person performance on the two-stage Markov task and found no differences in estimated free parameters between different age groups. It also replicated previous findings that young adults are more goal-directed than older adults.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Yan Jiang, Jinfeng Han, Mingyue Xiao, Yong Liu, Hong Chen
Summary: People with overweight and obesity struggle to control their eating behaviors, which can be explained by impairments in reward learning. This study examined the effects of time pressure on goal-directed and habitual responses in individuals with overweight and obesity. The results showed that under high time pressure, individuals with overweight and obesity displayed more habitual responses towards both food and non-food rewards compared to lean individuals. This suggests a deficit in goal-directed control or an overreliance on habits among individuals with overweight and obesity, supporting the Habit Hypothesis for Overeating.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Tim van Timmeren, Payam Piray, Anna E. Goudriaan, Ruth J. van Holst
Summary: This study used functional MRI to investigate the balance between goal-directed and habitual control in gambling disorder (GD) patients and healthy controls (HCs) during acute stress. Contrary to the hypothesis, GD patients did not show impaired goal-directed decision making after stress induction. These findings challenge the notion that GD is related to an increased reliance on habitual control.
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Danielle M. M. Giangrasso, Kaliana M. M. Veros, Maureen M. M. Timm, Peter J. J. West, Karen S. S. Wilcox, Kristen A. A. Keefe
Summary: The transition from drug abuse to addiction is related to the shift from goal-directed to habitual control over drug behavior. This study aimed to investigate the glutamate system in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) in the context of habitual drug-seeking behavior. The results showed that glutamate clearance and release dynamics in the DLS remain largely unaffected by a history of cocaine self-administration, regardless of the mode of control over cocaine-seeking behavior.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Tao-Mian Mi, Wei Zhang, Martin J. McKeown, Piu Chan
Summary: The study reveals that Parkinson's disease patients have impaired formation of both goal-directed and habitual control systems. Additionally, they are more susceptible to slips of action, indicating a difficulty in engaging the goal-directed system and an excessive reliance on habitual control in the expression of acquired learning.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Laurie Hamel, Bilgehan Cavdaroglu, Dylan Yeates, David Nguyen, Sadia Riaz, Dylan Patterson, Nisma Khan, Nardin Kirolos, Katherine Roper, Quynh An Ha, Rutsuko Ito
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the role of the mPFC and NAc in cue-elicited adaptive responding, finding that the mPFC plays a crucial role in regulating nonreinforced cue responding.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yuxuan Li, James L. McClelland
Summary: The author discusses the importance of considering different information sources in decision-making and suggests that humans rely on appropriately weighting relevant and irrelevant information to generate decision outcomes. The author conducted experiments and fitted models to understand how people make initial path choices in mazes. The results show that people modulate the weighting of different factors during planning and those who make more accurate choices are better at weighting these factors.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
B. Hartogsveld, C. W. E. M. Quaedflieg, P. van Ruitenbeek, T. Smeets
Summary: This study found that activity in the ACC, insula, and OFC is associated with the balance between goal-directed and habitual behavior in healthy controls. While stress and BED did not modulate this balance, BED participants showed smaller differences in putamen activation compared to HCs.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Chuanyong Xu, Gangqiang Hou, Tingxin He, Zhongqiang Ruan, Jierong Chen, Zhen Wei, Carol A. Seger, Qi Chen, Ziwen Peng
Summary: An imbalance between goal-directed and habitual learning systems may underlie compulsivity in OCD, with stress hormone ACTH potentially moderating this relationship. This study provides new insights into the neural correlates of this imbalance and its relationship with symptom dimensions in patients with OCD.
Article
Neurosciences
Frida Torell, Sae Franklin, David W. Franklin, Michael Dimitriou
Summary: Voluntary movements are prepared in advance, with preparatory activity observed in the central nervous system (CNS) and first-order neurons of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Changes in sensory organs suggest that modulation of stretch reflex gains plays an important role in movement preparation. The study investigated the preparatory modulation of short-latency stretch reflex responses (SLRs) and long-latency stretch reflex responses (LLRs) in the dominant upper limb, finding that reflex gains were strongly influenced by target direction and to a lesser extent by target distance.
Article
Psychiatry
Weiran Zhou, Hui Zheng, Min Wang, Yanbin Zheng, Shuaiyu Chen, Meng-jing Wang, Guang-Heng Dong
Summary: This study found disrupted thalamocortical communication in patients with Internet gaming disorder (IGD), which may lead to an imbalance between goal-directed and habitual systems in IGD patients. These findings provide more information about the role of the thalamus in the pathophysiology of IGD, and these circuit alterations could potentially be useful in treatment development and monitoring treatment outcomes for IGD patients.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Bradley O. Jones, Adelis M. Cruz, Tabitha H. Kim, Haley F. Spencer, Rachel J. Smith
Summary: Habits are believed to be important in compulsive cocaine seeking. Researchers have developed a new method called outcome devaluation procedure to differentiate goal-directed from habitual responding. This procedure temporarily devalues the drug outcome and can be repeatedly tested at different time points.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Valentina M. Glueck, Katharina Zwosta, Uta Wolfensteller, Hannes Ruge, Andre Pittig
Summary: The study explores the impact of habitual avoidance behaviors on subsequent goal-directed approaches. It was found that in cases where habitual avoidance conflicted with goal-directed approaches, accuracy was lower, but under explicit guidance, the accuracy differences disappeared while reaction times were slower in habit-incompatible trials.
BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Talifu Zikereya, Kaixuan Shi, Wei Chen
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and cognitive impairments. Exercise can delay the progression of the disease by improving motor and cognitive performance, providing potential strategies for treatment.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Qiang Shan, Xiaoxuan Yu, Yao Tian
Summary: This study reveals that adolescent social isolation shifts the balance of decision-making strategy and contributes to various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, compensating the balance can potentially help develop a therapy for these disorders.