Review
Hematology
Evangelos Terpos, Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
Summary: Bone-modifying therapies, including zoledronic acid and denosumab, are essential for patients with multiple myeloma. Denosumab may offer a survival benefit for patients eligible for autologous transplantation and may be safer for those with renal impairment. Prophylactic measures for hypocalcaemia, renal toxicity, and osteonecrosis of the jaw are important considerations for all bone-modifying agents.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Zachary S. Bernstein, E. Bridget Kim, Noopur Raje
Summary: Multiple Myeloma is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow, often leading to bone disease and osteolytic lesions. Treatment options can include osteoclast inhibitory therapies to delay and reduce the risk of skeletal-related events.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takashi Ohnishi, Yuki Ogawa, Kota Suda, Miki Komatsu, Satoko Matsumoto Harmon, Mitsuru Asukai, Masahiko Takahata, Norimasa Iwasaki, Akio Minami
Summary: Pyogenic spondylodiscitis can cause severe osteolytic and destructive lesions in the spine, particularly affecting elderly or immunocompromised individuals. Treatment for bone loss secondary to infection remains unclear, but medications such as romosozumab may have some efficacy in addressing this condition.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Hematology
Munawwar Hussain, Fatima Khan, Samer Al Hadidi
Summary: Multiple myeloma is a blood cancer that causes abnormal plasma cell proliferation in the bone marrow, leading to increased bone pain and skeletal-related events. Myeloma bone disease affects the bone-marrow micro-environment, resulting in decreased bone quality. The treatment for myeloma bone disease includes bone-modifying agents that can reduce bone pain and the risk of fractures, but their impact on overall survival is unknown. This review focuses on different classes of these agents, their mechanisms of action, timing and duration of therapy, and potential survival benefits.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jeng-Shiun Du, Chia-Hung Yen, Chin-Mu Hsu, Hui-Hua Hsiao
Summary: Multiple myeloma is a B-cell neoplasm characterized by clonal plasma-cell proliferation. Treatment with active anti-MM drugs has significantly improved survival and prognosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of MM bone disease is crucial in developing effective treatments to prevent skeletal-related events.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Christopher Chang-Yew Leow, Michael Sze Yuan Low
Summary: Despite advancements in therapies such as proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs, multiple myeloma remains a challenging and relapsing disease with no cure in sight. Over the past decade, novel drugs targeting essential cellular proteins and anti-apoptotic, ribosomal, and nuclear export proteins have emerged as potential treatments against malignant plasma cells.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuh-Ching Gau, Tsung-Jang Yeh, Chin-Mu Hsu, Samuel Yien Hsiao, Hui-Hua Hsiao
Summary: Multiple myeloma-related bone disease (MBD) is caused by an imbalance in the bone-remodeling process and involves various signaling pathways and molecules. Bisphosphonate and denosumab are currently the standard treatments, while novel bone-modifying therapies are being explored.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Robert Coleman
Summary: Bone metastases are common in cancer patients, and the use of bone-targeted agents has been evaluated in multiple clinical trials. Adjuvant bisphosphonates have shown benefits in reducing bone metastases and breast cancer deaths in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Biomarkers, such as the transcription factor MAF, may help predict patient response to bone-targeted treatments.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Winnie Liu, Brendan Lee, Sandesh C. S. Nagamani, Lindsey Nicol, Frank Rauch, Eric T. Rush, V. Reid Sutton, Eric Orwoll
Summary: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder that causes increased bone fragility. Medications used for fracture reduction in adults with OI, such as bisphosphonates and teriparatide, have shown potential in improving bone mineral density (BMD) but lack conclusive data on fracture protection. Other drugs and treatments have not been systematically studied in adults with OI. Further research is needed to develop medications that can effectively reduce fracture rates in adults with OI.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jianguo Tao, Venkat Srinivasan, Xiangjiao Yi, Yingchun Zhao, Hengwei Zhang, Xi Lin, Xichao Zhou, Brendan F. Boyce, Peter W. Villalta, Frank H. Ebetino, Koc Kan Ho, Robert K. Boeckman, Lianping Xing
Summary: Limited treatment options exist for cancer within the bone, and new alternative treatments are needed to overcome drug resistance and minimize off-target effects. Bone-targeted conjugates can provide spatiotemporally controlled delivery of drugs, leading to more effective treatment of multiple myeloma. The study demonstrated that the bone-targeted conjugate had better efficacy in overcoming drug resistance and reducing tumor burden and bone destruction.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mingwei Hu, Yifan Zhang, Jianjun Guo, Cuicui Guo, Xue Yang, Xue Ma, Hao Xu, Shuai Xiang
Summary: This study evaluated the changes in bone mineral density and bone turnover markers after denosumab and romosozumab therapies in patients with osteoporosis. The results showed that the romosozumab group exhibited greater changes in lumbar BMD and bone turnover markers at 3 months of treatment, while changes in BMD of total hip and femoral neck were relatively delayed. From 6 to 12 months of treatment, romosozumab showed greater changes in bone mineral density and markers of bone turnover.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Natasha M. Appelman-Dijkstra, H. Ling D. W. Oei, Annegreet G. Vlug, Elizabeth M. Winter
Summary: Significant developments have been made in the pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis in the past two decades, particularly with the introduction of monoclonal antibodies based on the molecular mechanisms of bone resorption and formation. These antibodies have shown potent anti-fracture efficacy in clinical trials, but discontinuation may lead to bone loss and vertebral fractures. Therefore, sequential antiresorptive therapy is crucial for maintaining bone mass gains and anti-fracture efficacy.
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Bridget Boston, Deepak Ipe, Bogdan Capitanescu, Andrei Gresita, Stephen Hamlet, Robert Love, Michael Hadjiargyrou, Chien-Ling Huang, Iulian Nusem, Rodica Ileana Miroiu, Aurel Popa-Wagner, Patrick Hans-Heinrich Warnke, Eugen Bogdan Petcu
Summary: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) refers to the non-healing jawbone ulcerative-necrotic lesion appearing after dental therapy or minor trauma in patients treated previously with certain medications. Studies have been conducted to explore MRONJ's classification, clinical features, and pathophysiology, as well as its management and new trends in treatment. Conservative therapy may not be effective for severe cases of MRONJ, but new methods that promote local angiogenesis and vascularization show promise in limited trials.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Namki Hong, Sungjae Shin, Seunghyun Lee, Yumie Rhee
Summary: This study found that romosozumab may be more effective in improving trabecular bone score compared to denosumab therapy in postmenopausal women who have previously received antiresorptive agents. Notably, romosozumab treatment resulted in similar improvement in trabecular bone score in patients previously treated with antiresorptive agents compared to drug-naive patients.
OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Elena Tsourdi, Elaine W. Yu, Suzanne M. Jan de Beur, Matthew T. Drake
Summary: The development of COVID-19 vaccines has been rapid and multiple vaccines are now approved for widespread distribution, with a focus on the older population. However, concerns have arisen regarding potential interactions with underlying diseases and treatments for those to be vaccinated.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kostas Palamaris, Dimitrios Alexandris, Kostas Stylianou, Ioannis Giatras, Anastasios Stofas, Christina Kaitatzoglou, Magda Migkou, Dimitrios Goutas, Erasmia Psimenou, Eleni Theodoropoulou, Stamatios Theocharis, Nektarios Alevizopoulos, Efstathios Kastritis, Alexandros Gerakis, Harikleia Gakiopoulou
Summary: This study presents a series of cases of patients with solid malignancies who received PD-L1 or PD-L1/CTLA-4 inhibitors and developed signs of renal toxicity. Renal biopsies showed interstitial inflammation and tubular injury in all cases, with specific glomerulopathies observed in some patients. The findings suggest that tubulointerstitial nephritis is the most frequent histological lesion associated with ICIs administration, while glomerular involvement may be a consequence of systemic immune system reconstruction.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ioanna Barla, Panagiotis Efentakis, Sofia Lamprou, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos, Evangelos Terpos, Ioanna Andreadou, Nikolaos Thomaidis, Evangelos Gikas
Summary: This study investigated the nephrotoxicity caused by Cfz using metabolomics. The results showed that Cfz mainly affects the metabolome of the kidneys and urine. Fifty-four important metabolites related to renal diseases were discovered, and patterns of metabolome alterations due to Cfz were revealed.
Review
Oncology
Vasiliki Gkalea, Despina Fotiou, Meletios Athanasios Dimopoulos, Efstathios Kastritis
Summary: It is increasingly recognized that patients with monoclonal gammopathy (MG) who do not meet criteria for malignant disease and treatment initiation may have other manifestations that are clinically significant and could provide a rationale for treatment. These patients are at higher risk for thrombosis, including venous, arterial, and micro-thrombotic events. The challenge is to identify high-risk MG patients for thrombotic events and apply appropriate preventive measures.
Article
Oncology
Eyal Lebel, Efstathios Kastritis, Giovanni Palladini, Paolo Milani, Foteini Theodorakakou, Shlomzion Aumann, Noa Lavi, Liat Shargian, Hila Magen, Yael Cohen, Moshe E. Gatt, Iuliana Vaxman
Summary: Light-chain amyloidosis is a rare disease, and there is a need for effective treatment for relapsed patients. Venetoclax, an oral medication that has proven efficacy in hematological cancers, is considered a promising agent for relapsed light-chain amyloidosis treatment. A study on 26 relapsed patients treated with venetoclax showed a high response rate (88%), deep and prolonged responses, and safety of the treatment. Confirmatory randomized trials are needed.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Panagiotis Malandrakis, Despina Fotiou, Magdalini Migkou, Foteini Theodorakakou, Maria Roussou, Evangelos Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou, Vassiliki Spiliopoulou, Efstathios Kastritis, Evangelos Terpos, Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos, Maria Gavriatopoulou
Summary: This study assessed the effectiveness and tolerability of belantamab mafodotin in triple-class refractory patients with multiple myeloma. It showed promising results in some patients and had manageable toxicity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Angeliki Andrikopoulou, Charalampos Theofanakis, Christos Markellos, Maria Kaparelou, Konstantinos Koutsoukos, Kleoniki Apostolidou, Nikolaos Thomakos, Dimitrios Haidopoulos, Alexandros Rodolakis, Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos, Flora Zagouri, Michalis Liontos
Summary: The optimal time interval between neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and interval debulking surgery (IDS) in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is unclear. A retrospective study was conducted on HGSC patients who underwent NACT followed by IDS in a 15-year period. The study found that performing IDS within four weeks after NACT was associated with better survival outcomes. Multivariate analysis showed that a short time interval (<4 weeks) from NACT to IDS was an independent factor of both PFS and OS.
Article
Oncology
Lisa B. Leypoldt, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Britta Besemer, Hans Salwender, Marc S. Raab, Axel Nogai, Cyrus Khandanpour, Volker Runde, Anna Jauch, Manola Zago, Peter Martus, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Carsten Bokemeyer, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Katja C. Weisel
Summary: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in multiple myeloma patients with severe renal function impairment. The treatment showed an overall response rate of 67% and improved renal function in patients. This study suggests that this treatment regimen could be considered in the clinical practice for multiple myeloma patients with severe renal function impairment.
Review
Oncology
Ioanna E. Stergiou, Stavros P. Papadakos, Anna Karyda, Ourania E. Tsitsilonis, Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos, Stamatios Theocharis
Summary: The EPH/ephrin signaling axis plays a crucial role in both embryonic development and adult life, and recent studies have shown its involvement in the pathogenesis of various types of solid tumors. In normal hematopoiesis, different patterns of EPH/ephrin expression are associated with the maintenance, differentiation, and function of hematopoietic stem cells and their mature offspring. Abnormalities in the EPH/ephrin pathway have been found to contribute to the development of hematologic malignancies, with both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive effects. Understanding the complexity of this signaling pathway in normal and malignant hematopoiesis is essential for the development of potential therapeutic targets.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Efstathia Liatsou, Ioanna Tatouli, Andreas Mpozikas, Maria-Markella Pavlou, Hariklia Gakiopoulou, Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Sofoklis Kontogiannis, Meletios Athanasios Dimopoulos
Summary: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a drug used to treat patients with HIV and HBV infections, but it may cause acute renal failure and Fanconi syndrome in a few cases. The risk of renal toxicity in HBV patients appears to be low, but kidney function should still be monitored.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ioanna Barla, Panagiotis Efentakis, Sofia Lamprou, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos, Evangelos Terpos, Ioanna Andreadou, Nikolaos Thomaidis, Evangelos Gikas
Summary: The antineoplastic agent carfilzomib (Cfz) is used to treat multiple myeloma; however, it can cause cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity as common adverse effects. While the mechanisms of these side effects are well-established, there is limited research on the drug's metabolic alterations and their impacts.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Charalampos Filippatos, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Panagiotis Malandrakis, Evangelos Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou, Vassiliki Spiliopoulou, Rodanthi-Eleni Syrigou, Foteini Theodorakakou, Despina Fotiou, Magdalini Migkou, Maria Roussou, Efstathios Kastritis, Meletios Athanasios Dimopoulos, Evangelos Terpos
Summary: Tixagevimab/cilgavimab (Evusheld) appears to be beneficial for high-risk immunocompromised patients with multiple myeloma in preventing COVID-19. Administration of the drug resulted in increased neutralizing-antibody levels and a low incidence of COVID-19, with no new safety concerns emerging.
Article
Oncology
Aristotelis Bamias, Kimon Tzannis, Roubini Zakopoulou, Minas Sakellakis, John Dimitriadis, Alkistis Papatheodoridi, Loukianos Rallidis, Panagiotis Halvatsiotis, Anna Tsiara, Maria Kaparelou, Efthymios Kostouros, Despina Barbarousi, Konstantinos Koutsoukos, Evangelos Fragiadis, Athanasios E. Dellis, Ioannis Anastasiou, Konstantinos Stravodimos, Alexandros Pinitas, Athanasios Papatsoris, Ioannis Adamakis, Ioannis Varkarakis, Charalampos Fragoulis, Stamatina Pagoni, Charis Matsouka, Andreas Skolarikos, Dionysios Mitropoulos, Konstantinos Doumas, Charalampos Deliveliotis, Constantinos Constantinides, Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
Summary: This study investigated the incidence of arterial thromboembolic events (ATEs) in patients with advanced urinary tract cancer (aUTC) who received cytotoxic chemotherapy. The results showed that ATEs occurred in 4.6% of these patients, with ischemic stroke being the most common ATE. Perioperative chemotherapy, tumors other than urinary tract cancer, and pure non-transitional cell carcinoma histology were identified as independent risk factors for ATE.