Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Yixuan Guo, Yu Liu, Wei Wu, Daishun Ling, Qiao Zhang, Peng Zhao, Xi Hu
Summary: This article will discuss different types of IDO inhibitors and relevant clinical trials, especially feasible combined therapeutic modalities. In addition, it will also review cutting-edge nanomedicines that combine IDO inhibitors with other therapeutic modalities to effectively enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Finally, the prospects of IDO inhibitors in clinical application and potential breakthroughs will be briefly discussed.
Review
Oncology
Yu Fujiwara, Shumei Kato, Mary K. Nesline, Jeffrey M. Conroy, Paul DePietro, Sarabjot Pabla, Razelle Kurzrock
Summary: Strategies to overcome immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, such as IDO1 inhibition, have been explored to address resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. These strategies have shown promising results in preclinical studies and early-phase clinical trials. However, some clinical trials have yielded disappointing results, dampening enthusiasm for IDO inhibitors. Additional potential targets, such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, have been proposed to enhance clinical effectiveness. The expression level of IDO1 varies among tumors and patients, highlighting the importance of patient selection based on IDO1 expression levels in clinical trials.
CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Eslam E. Abd El-Fattah
Summary: Cancer is a leading cause of death globally. The change in the tumor immune microenvironment, specifically immunosuppression, is associated with cancer progression, metastasis, recurrence, and chemoresistance. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and its metabolite kynurenine (Kyn) play a significant role in the immunosuppression of lung cancer.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pengbo Yang, Junhua Zhang
Summary: IDO1 is an enzyme involved in the conversion of tryptophan into kynurenine, playing a crucial role in various biological functions and cancer immunotherapy. Inhibiting IDO1 has potential therapeutic benefits for tumor treatment. Furthermore, IDO activity assays are valuable tools for screening and evaluating inhibitors.
Article
Microbiology
Thiara Manuele Alves de Souza, Caroline Fernandes-Santos, Jessica Araujo da Paixao de Oliveira, Larissa Cristina Teixeira Tome, Victor Edgar Fiestas-Solorzano, Priscila Conrado Guerra Nunes, Gabriel Macedo Costa Guimaraes, Juan Camilo Sanchez-Arcila, Iury Amancio Paiva, Luis Jose de Souza, Paulo Vieira Damasco, Valber da Silva Frutuoso, Manoela Heringer, Luzia Maria De Oliveira-Pinto, Roberta Olmo Pinheiro, Flavia Barreto dos Santos, Elzinandes Leal de Azeredo
Summary: This study evaluated the activity of IDO-1 and the patterns of cytokines/chemokines in CHIKV patients. It was found that IDO-1 activity increased during the early acute phase of infection and decreased in the chronic phase. In the acute phase, concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, CCL2/MCP-1, and CXCL10/IP-10 were increased. In the chronic phase, concentrations of CCL4/MIP-1 beta were increased, especially in patients with arthritis.
Review
Oncology
Yu Yao, Heng Liang, Xin Fang, Shengnan Zhang, Zikang Xing, Lei Shi, Chunxiang Kuang, Barbara Seliger, Qing Yang
Summary: IDO1, a heme-containing enzyme, plays a crucial role in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism, with implications in immunity and neuronal function. Despite potential applications in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, cautionary notes from clinical trials indicate a need for better understanding of IDO1 inhibition mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bo Wang, Jing Chen, Julia S. Caserto, Xi Wang, Minglin Ma
Summary: The study introduces a local chemo-immunometabolic therapy using a hydrogel loaded with doxorubicin and a Kyn-degrading enzyme to alleviate immunosuppression, resulting in anti-tumor responses in preclinical models.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nattawut Wongpraparut, Ploy Pengchata, Sudarat Piyophirapong, Pariya Panchavinnin, Rungtiwa Pongakasira, Noppadol Arechep, Kanda Kasetsinsombat, Kittipong Maneechotesuwan
Summary: The study found that IDO, kynurenine, and hs-TnT levels were associated with the severity of CAD in patients. Patients with left main disease had higher 1-year mortality, and lower levels of IDO may predict an increased risk of mortality within one year.
BMC CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ana Dolsak, Stanislav Gobec, Matej Sova
Summary: This review discusses the key step of tryptophan metabolism and the importance of relevant enzymes in pathological conditions. In recent years, many inhibitors targeting these enzymes have been developed, and these inhibitors have entered clinical trials.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chenfei Zhou, Yanmei Zhang, Ruiming Yan, Lei Huang, Andrew L. Mellor, Yang Yang, Xiaojing Chen, Wenfei Wei, Xiangguang Wu, Lan Yu, Luojiao Liang, Dan Zhang, Sha Wu, Wei Wang
Summary: The high levels of miR-142-5p in advanced CSCC positively correlate with IDO expression in tumor-associated lymphatic vessels. The miR-142-5p is transferred by CSCC-secreted exosomes into LECs to induce IDO expression via ARID2-DNMT1-IFN-gamma signaling, leading to CD8(+)T cell exhaustion. This study suggests that LECs play a crucial role as immune checkpoints in the TME and may be a potential new target for CSCC diagnosis and treatment.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Zhuoting Liu, Chunling Wang, Xu Wang, Ann Van Schepdael
Summary: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an important target for tumor immunotherapy, and in this study, offline and online capillary electrophoresis methods were developed for screening IDO1 inhibitors from natural product extracts. The optimized separation conditions were achieved using sodium tetraborate as the background electrolyte, and both offline and online methods proved to be effective for screening inhibitors.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Madiha Zahra Syeda, Tu Hong, Min Zhang, Yanfei Han, Xiaoling Zhu, Songmin Ying, Longguang Tang
Summary: Cancer immunotherapy has made significant progress, but low patient response rates and immune-related adverse events remain major challenges. In this study, TME responsive nanomedicine was developed to enhance antitumor immune responses and minimize side effects. The synthesized prodrug nanoparticles demonstrated effective tumor targeting, tumor growth inhibition, and activation of antitumor immunity. This study may have implications for future clinical trials.
Review
Oncology
Trevor W. Stone, Richard O. Williams
Summary: This review focuses on the role of tryptophan metabolism in inflammation and cancer development, particularly the impact of kynurenine and related compounds. It proposes targeting the kynurenine pathway to indirectly affect interacting pathways and potentially modify tryptophan metabolism. The study provides insights into the relationship between inflammation and cancer, and suggests alternative drug targets.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jaehyun Park, Yunyoung Nah, Won Jong Kim
Summary: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy as it promotes an immunosuppressive microenvironment in tumor tissue. In this study, swellable micelles triggered by IDO were developed for targeted cancer therapy, which released an IDO inhibitor to recruit effector T-cells into tumor tissue and enhance therapeutic effect.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Ke Wang, Long-Hao Song, Qiao-Ling Liang, Ye Zhang, Xian-Li Ma, Qi Wang, Hui-Yong Zhang, Cai-Na Jiang, Jian-Hua Wei, Ri-Zhen Huang
Summary: A series of chromone-oxime derivatives containing piperazine sulfonamide moieties were synthesized and evaluated as IDO1 inhibitors. Compound 10m exhibited good inhibitory activity against IDO1. It was found that 10m directly interacted with IDO1 and formed key interactions. These chromone-oxime derivatives containing sulfonamide moieties might be potential IDO1 inhibitors for the development of new antitumor agents.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hammad Khan, Fazal Wahab, Sajjad Hussain, Sabir Khan, Muhammad Rashid
Summary: This study analyzes and compares the electrochemical removal of Navy-blue dye and subsequent energy consumption using response surface modeling and optimization approaches. The optimal parametric solution for maximum dye removal and minimum energy cost is obtained through genetic algorithm optimization. Sensitivity analysis reveals the influential patterns of variables on simultaneous optimization, and statistical metrics confirm the accuracy of the artificial neural network model for prediction.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Freya Felicia D'sa, Elaine Zourra Fernandes, Srushti Vaibhav Kesarkar, Lavanya Swaminathan, Vijayanarayana Kunhikatta, Muhammed Rashid, Girish Thunga, Viji Pulikkel Chandran, Sreedharan Nair
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the risk of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) among histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) users. The meta-analysis of four studies revealed a significantly higher IBD risk in H2RA users compared to non-users, both in adults and in pediatrics. Further large-scale observational studies are needed to confirm and generalize these findings.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ghulam Abbas Shah, Maqsood Sadiq, Zahid Iqbal, Noman Shakoor, Muhammad Shahid, Azhar Mehmood Aulakh, Kamusiime Arthur, Nadeem Khan, Iqbal M. I. Ismail, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
Summary: The co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium sp. and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.) can improve the growth, yield, and nitrogen and phosphorus utilization of mungbean crops from chemical fertilizers in nutrient-deficient soils.
JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nicholas Weight, Saadiq Moledina, Giuseppe Biondi Zoccai, Sarah Zaman, Triston Smith, Jolanta Siller-Matula, Mohamed Dafaalla, Muhammad Rashid, James Nolan, Mamas A. Mamas
Summary: Little is known about the care outcomes and processes of patients with non-ST-segment myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) who have polyvascular disease. A study analyzed 287,279 NSTEMI patients and found that those with polyvascular disease had higher rates of major adverse cardiovascular events and in-hospital mortality. Patients without a history of vascular disease were less likely to receive statins or ACE inhibitors/ARBs, but more likely to receive dual antiplatelet therapy.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-QUALITY OF CARE AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES
(2023)
Article
Business, Finance
Muhammad Rashid, Naimat U. Khan, Umair Riaz, Bruce Burton
Summary: This study aims to investigate auditors' perspectives on financial shenanigans in Pakistan. The findings indicate that financial malpractice is common, taking various forms, and characterized by audacity and shamelessness. The study also highlights the absence of institutional pillars and motivations for legitimizing such behavior. Understanding the embedded practices of fraudulent financial reporting is crucial for making informed investment decisions in Pakistani firms.
JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING IN EMERGING ECONOMIES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Muhammad Usman Rashid, Noor Muhammad, Umara Shehzad, Faiz Ali Khan, Asif Loya, Ute Hamann
Summary: The FANCM gene is potentially associated with breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility in European populations. This study examined the contribution of FANCM germline variants to hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer in Pakistani patients. The findings suggest a limited role of FANCM variants in hereditary breast/ovarian cancer in Pakistan, which requires confirmation in larger studies.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Muhammad Rashid, Junaid Yaqoob, Nida Khalil, Rashida Jamil, Muhammad Usman Khan, Mazhar Amjad Gilani
Summary: This study theoretically explores the geometric, stability, electronics, and nonlinear optical characteristics of boron phosphide nanosheets doped with alkali metals. The results show that alkali metals doping can narrow the energy gap of the nanosheets and the designed compounds have high first hyperpolarizability.
MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arshid Mahmood Ali, Muhammad Shahbaz, Khurram Shahzad, Muddasser Inayat, Salman Naqvi, Abdulrahim Ahmad Al-Zahrani, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid, Mohammad Rehan, Aishah Binti Mahpudz
Summary: Date palm waste (DPW) is a valuable waste product in the Middle East that can be utilized to generate sustainable energy. This study developed an integrated system model to predict gas composition and power generation from DPW. The results show that DPW can be converted into syngas, with varying gas composition and power generation depending on operating variables. This research highlights the potential of DPW for renewable fuel and electricity generation, offering an environmentally friendly solution for waste disposal.
Article
Parasitology
Muhammad Rizwan, Shahzad Ali, Arshad Javid, Muhammad Imran Rashid
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in rodents in the Sahiwal division of Pakistan, and found a higher infection rate in Rattus norvegicus compared to Rattus rattus. All risk factors were not statistically significant.
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nadeem Ali, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid, Nabil A. Alhakamy, Sultan Hassan Alamri, Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani
Summary: In this study, the levels of flame retardants and phthalates in indoor household dust during the COVID-19 lockdown period in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, were analyzed. The results showed high concentrations of these chemicals, particularly DEHP. Saudi children were found to be exposed to DEHP at levels exceeding the reference dose, indicating a risk to their health. This study highlights the increased indoor pollution during the lockdown period and the potential health consequences.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Noor Muhammad, Humaira Naeemi, Ayesha Azeem, Rida Sadaqat, Umara Shehzad, Kashif Siddique, Usman Hassan, Aun Raza, Muhammad Usman Rashid
Summary: The study investigated the association between ACE2 gene variants and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Pakistani population. The results showed that the p.Lys26Arg variant had no significant association with SARS-CoV-2 infection among the Pakistani population.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Noor Muhammad, Ayesha Azeem, Muhammad Abu Bakar, Karolina Prajzendanc, Asif Loya, Anna Jakubowska, Ute Hamann, Muhammad Usman Rashid
Summary: Constitutional BRCA1 promoter methylation is associated with TNBC and can serve as a non-invasive blood-based biomarker for Pakistani TNBC patients.
BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Sohrab Ahmad, Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf, Sajid Khan Tahir, Muhammad Afzal Rashid, Khalid Abdul Majeed, Mahrukh Naseem, Mohsin Raza, Zafar Hayat, Abia Khalid, Hafsa Zaneb, Habib Rehman
Summary: This study investigated the effects of co-supplementation of beta-GOS and methionine on meat quality traits and muscle formation and degradation pathways in broilers. The results showed that beta-GOS supplementation reduced pH change rate, cooking loss, and muscle fiber diameter, while increasing muscle catalase level and fiber density. Methionine had regulatory effects on gene expression, downregulating MAFbx and MuRF1 genes and upregulating MyoD and M-CK genes.
PAKISTAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Iftikhar Naseer, Tehreem Masood, Sheeraz Akram, Arfan Jaffar, Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Amjad Iqbal
Summary: This article introduces the dangers and fatality of lung cancer, as well as the importance of pulmonary nodules in lung cancer detection. It proposes an automatic nodule detection method based on modified AlexNet architecture and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm, and verifies its superior performance on the LUNA16 dataset through experimental analysis.
CMC-COMPUTERS MATERIALS & CONTINUA
(2023)
