Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Duncan P. Ryan, Megan K. Dunlap, Martin P. Gelfand, James H. Werner, Alan K. Van Orden, Peter M. Goodwin
Summary: Calibrating the gain and digital conversion factor of an EMCCD is crucial for accurate photon counting. A new method has been developed to quickly calibrate multiple gain settings of the EMCCD camera, which involves acquiring gain-series calibration data and analyzing images with the EMCCD noise model to estimate camera gain response accurately. Furthermore, a method has been developed to compare results from different calibration approaches, with gain-series calibration outperforming all other methods in the self-consistency test.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Li Qiao, Mingfu Wang, Zheng Jin, Danbo Mao
Summary: The proposed method aims to improve the uniformity of EMCCD output image by analyzing the imaging model, determining the correction algorithm, and establishing a comprehensive non-uniformity correction function model. Experimental results using the British e2v company's CCD220 chip show significant improvements in consistencies and significant reduction in PRNU, confirming the effectiveness of the method.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Eloi Descamps, Nicolas Fabre, Arne Keller, Perola Milman
Summary: We investigate the impact of the electromagnetic field's frequency on the precision limits of time measurements from a quantum perspective, utilizing single photons as a representative system. Our results show that quantum precision enhancement is only achievable by combining both intensity and spectral resources, with spectral correlations allowing for quadratic scaling of precision with the number of probes. We reveal the mathematical structure of nonphysical states that attain the Heisenberg limit and demonstrate how finite spectral variance can induce a quantum-to-classical-like transition in precision scaling similar to noisy systems. In addition, we offer a comprehensive interpretation of our findings in the time-frequency phase space, identifying the spectral classical resources.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Korenobu Matsuzaki, Tahei Tahara
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of entangled photon pairs as a light source in absorption spectroscopy, achieving sub-shot-noise spectra. The method shows superiority in the identification and quantification of chemical species compared to conventional spectroscopy.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Agustina G. Magnoni, Laura T. Knoll, Miguel A. Larotonda
Summary: In optical quantum metrology, sub-shot-noise performance relies on the sub-Poissonian statistics of the output, with improvement factors ranging from 1.5 to 2 achievable even without using number-resolving detectors.
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Sara Meir, Avi Klein, Hamootal Duadi, Eliahu Cohen, Moti Fridman
Summary: Correlated beams play a crucial role in communication and technology, but classical amplifiers can degrade their correlation. In this study, we investigate the impact of amplifiers on correlated beams using a novel measurement system, and demonstrate methods to tailor the correlation after amplification.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Yun-Yi Pai, Claire E. Marvinney, Chengyun Hua, Raphael C. Pooser, Benjamin J. Lawrie
Summary: Magneto-optical sensors, such as spin noise spectroscopies and magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopies, are essential tools for materials characterization, providing insights into spin dynamics and other interactions. Quantum-enhanced spin noise measurements offer higher sensitivity and lower operating temperatures, presenting a significant advantage over classical measurements.
ADVANCED QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei Fu, Sha-Sha Ke, Yong Guo, Huai-Wu Zhang, Hai-Feng Lu
Summary: We studied the electron transport and waiting time distribution in a topological superconducting Coulomb island system weakly coupled to two metallic leads. We found that super-Poissonian shot noise could be induced when the Majorana energy splitting is larger than the charging energy, due to the lifting of degeneracy of ground states by a finite Majorana energy splitting. The behaviors of waiting time distributions in a Majorana island device can help identify the existence of Majorana bound states.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Marcin Plodzien, Maciej Lewenstein, Emilia Witkowska, Jan Chwedenczuk
Summary: We demonstrate that one-axis twisting (OAT) is a powerful source of many-body Bell correlations for creating nonclassical states of bosonic qubits. We develop an analytical and universal treatment that allows us to identify the critical time for the emergence of Bell correlations and predict their depth at subsequent times. Our findings are illustrated using a highly nontrivial example of OAT dynamics generated with the Bose-Hubbard model.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Hamza Ather, Adam Zaman Chaudhry
Summary: Quantum probes can be used to estimate parameters of complex systems by interacting with the environment, and considering the correlations between the probe and environment can improve the precision of the estimates for environmental parameters.
Article
Optics
Jian-Dong Zhang, Chenglong You, Shuai Wang
Summary: This paper investigates the phase sensitivity limits of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with specific scenarios and optimal single-mode input choices, as well as the effects of several realistic factors on phase sensitivity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bogdan R. Bulka
Summary: Exact analytical formulas for currents and current correlation functions in a Cooper pair splitter system are derived using Keldysh Green functions, with a focus on noise power spectrum behavior across bias voltage range. In the large voltage limit, shot noise dominates with spectrum exhibiting extraordinary side dips related to resonant interlevel current correlations. The study also shows perfect entanglement of split electrons in two separated crossed Andreev reflection processes.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Shuangxing Yun, Hongwei Xu, Ning Fu, Liyan Qiao
Summary: This article proposes a sub-Nyquist modulation sampling system with two measurement channels to mitigate the impact of shot noise on the parameter measurement process of finite rate of innovation (FRI) signals. The noisy signal is filtered and sampled in the main channel, while the FRI signal is shifted out of the baseband in the accessory channel to expose the shot noise information. Parameters of shot noise and FRI signal can be estimated separately. The proposed method improves the measurement accuracy and robustness in nonideal environments compared to classical antinoise algorithms.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Taishiro Miyamoto, Shin-ichiro Oyama, Tero Raita, Keisuke Hosokawa, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Yasunobu Ogawa, Satoshi Kurita
Summary: This study investigates a pulsating aurora event in Fennoscandia on March 7, 2017 and explores the correlation between auroral intensity and cosmic noise absorption (CNA). By dividing optical measurements into pulsating and nonpulsating components and analyzing the data, researchers discovered a linear relationship between auroral brightness and CNA, with variations dependent on latitude. These findings suggest changes in the precipitating electron spectrum at different latitudes during substorm recovery.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
S. Kanhirathingal, B. L. Brock, A. J. Rimberg, M. P. Blencowe
Summary: By using an operator scattering approach, this study analyzed the quantum dynamics of a Cooper pair transistor embedded in a microwave cavity. The predicted charge sensitivity is 0.12 mu e / Hz when the pumped cavity has an average of one photon and the cCPT is operated close to charge degeneracy.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Chrisy Sparling, Alice Ruget, Jonathan Leach, Dave Townsend
Summary: The inverse Abel transform is widely used in charged particle imaging, but it has limitations due to cylindrical symmetry constraints. This study shows how artificial neural networks can replace the inverse Abel transform and directly reconstruct 2D projections into 3D distributions.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abhinandan Bhattacharjee, Mritunjay K. Joshi, Suman Karan, Jonathan Leach, Anand K. Jha
Summary: This article investigates the behavior of entanglement in different continuous-variable bases and demonstrates the revival of entanglement in the angle-orbital angular momentum (OAM) bases during photon propagation.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Khaled Kassem, Piergiorgio Caramazza, Kevin J. Mitchell, Mitch Miller, Azadeh Emadi, Daniele Faccio
Summary: Researchers propose a wearable device that uses radar and haptic feedback technology to detect the movement of deaf-blind individuals in real time, providing potential assistance for multi-sensory impaired individuals in the future.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Taylor Shields, Adetunmise C. Dada, Lennart Hirsch, Seungjin Yoon, Jonathan M. R. Weaver, Daniele Faccio, Lucia Caspani, Marco Peccianti, Matteo Clerici
Summary: The THz electro-optical sampling technique using single-photon detectors and squeezed vacuum field as the optical probe has been successfully demonstrated in experiments. The sensitivity of the field measurement is limited by the statistical properties of the probe state, which can be improved by using phase-locked single-photon detectors.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stirling Scholes, German Mora-Martin, Feng Zhu, Istvan Gyongy, Phil Soan, Jonathan Leach
Summary: Single-Photon Avalanche Detector (SPAD) arrays are cutting-edge technology that can rapidly generate depth images with millimeter precision. They are crucial for autonomous systems as they provide guidance and situational awareness. This study establishes a numerical procedure to determine the depth imaging limits of SPAD arrays under real-world conditions, allowing for accurate and cost-effective performance evaluation without field testing. This procedure has applications in object detection, tracking, and imaging systems for various scenarios.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Stirling Scholes, Lehloa Mohapi, Jonathan Leach, Andrew Forbes, Angela Dudley
Summary: In this study, a Liquid Crystal on Silicon Spatial Light Modulator (LCoS-SLM) is used to imitate the mechanical design of a deformable mirror, and the effect of the number of mirror segments and their geometrical structure on resulting structured modes is quantitatively analysed. This approach can serve as a test bed prior to designing a deformable mirror for high power beam shaping.
APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Mohamed Amir Alaa Belmekki, Jonathan Leach, Rachael Tobin, Gerald S. Buller, Stephen McLaughlin, Abderrahim Halimi
Summary: 3D single-photon LiDAR imaging is crucial for many applications, but requires analysis of low signal-to-noise ratio returns and high data volume. This paper proposes a multiscale approach for 3D surface detection, reducing data volume while obtaining background-free surfaces for depth and reflectivity inference. A hierarchical Bayesian model is also introduced for 3D reconstruction and spectral classification. Results demonstrate the superiority of these approaches compared to state-of-the-art algorithms.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Suraj Goel, Max Tyler, Feng Zhu, Saroch Leedumrongwatthanakun, Mehul Malik, Jonathan Leach
Summary: Efficient manipulation, sorting, and measurement of optical modes and single-photon states are achieved in this study. The researchers use a specially designed multiplane light converter to simultaneously and efficiently sort nonorthogonal, overlapping states of light encoded in the transverse spatial degree of freedom. This has implications for optimal image identification and classification in optical networks.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gyles E. Cozier, Rachael C. Andrews, Anca Frinculescu, Ranjeet Kumar, Benedict May, Tom Tooth, Peter Collins, Andrew Costello, Tom S. F. Haines, Tom P. Freeman, Ian S. Blagbrough, Jennifer Scott, Trevor Shine, Oliver B. Sutcliffe, Stephen M. Husbands, Jonathan Leach, Richard W. Bowman, Christopher R. Pudney
Summary: Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are a class of new psychoactive substances (NPS) primarily used in prisons and homeless communities in the U.K. SCs have severe side effects and are associated with numerous deaths. The detection of SCs is challenging due to their chemical diversity and their adsorption onto physical matrices. This study presents a portable and rapid generic test for SCs using fluorescence analysis.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Optics
Robert h. Hadfield, Jonathan Leach, Fiona Fleming, Douglas j. Paul, Chee hing Tan, Jo shien Ng, Robert k. Henderson, Gerald s. Buller
Summary: The development of single-photon detectors with picosecond timing resolution has driven progress in time-correlated single-photon counting applications, including quantum optics, life sciences, and remote sensing. Advanced optoelectronic device architectures offer high-performance single-pixel devices and the ability to scale up to detector arrays, increasing single-photon sensitivity.
Article
Optics
German Mora-Martin, Stirling Scholes, Lice Ruget, Robert Henderson, Jonathan Leach, Istvan Gyongy
Summary: In this paper, a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained using synthetic depth sequences to denoise and upscale (x4) depth data. Experimental results using synthetic and real ToF data demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. With GPU acceleration, the approach achieves processing speeds of >30 frames per second, making it suitable for low-latency imaging.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Chane Moodley, Alice Ruget, Jonathan Leach, Andrew Forbes
Summary: In order to improve image acquisition speed, researchers implemented four machine learning algorithms and trained them on a dataset with noise and blur. The results showed that logistic regression algorithm achieved a 10x speed up in image acquisition time with a prediction accuracy of 99%. This method does not require image denoising or enhancement prior to recognition, reducing training and implementation time, as well as computational intensity, making it suitable for real-time quantum imaging and recognition of light sensitive structures.
ADVANCED QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Optics
Imogen Morland, Hanna Ostapenko, Feng Zhu, Derryck T. Reid, Jonathan Leach
Summary: In this study, correlated photon pairs were generated at 790nm wavelength using a compact GHz-rate cavity laser. The indistinguishability of the photons produced by SPDC was verified using Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry, and a dip in coincidence counts with a visibility of 81.8% was observed.
Proceedings Paper
Optics
Stirling Scholes, Alice Ruget, German M. Martin, Feng Zhu, Istvan Gyongy, Robert K. Henderson, Jonathan Leach
Summary: The development of single-photon avalanche diode (SPADs) arrays in time-of-flight imaging systems has enabled the application of 3D imaging for drone identification, orientation, and segmentation. By combining the imaging capability of SPAD sensors with the classification capabilities of convolutional neural networks, an accurate determination of drone pose in flight can be achieved, with prediction accuracy of over 90% after training.
ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES XVI
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Stirling Scholes, Alice Ruget, German Mora-Martin, Feng Zhu, Istvan Gyongy, Jonathan Leach
Summary: This paper presents a method for fully characterizing drones in flight using a CNN with a decision tree and ensemble structure. The system can determine the type and orientation of drones, as well as perform segmentation for classification of different body parts. The researchers also provide a computer model for generating large quantities of accurately labeled photo-realistic training data, which allows the system to accurately characterize real drones in flight.
