Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rafael Paternostro, Michael Trauner
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disease with various pathologies. In addition to lifestyle changes and a few specific medications, there are new treatment options being studied. Treating complications of end-stage liver disease caused by non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is important for the treatment of the complete clinical spectrum of NAFLD.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carlos Jimenez-Cortegana, Alba Garcia-Galey, Malika Tami, Pilar del Pino, Isabel Carmona, Soledad Lopez, Gonzalo Alba, Victor Sanchez-Margalet
Summary: NAFLD affects a quarter of the global population and poses a significant health and economic burden across all countries. The lack of approved pharmacotherapy and well-established diagnostic strategies for this disease highlights the urgency for further research and management efforts. Studies have shown a strong relationship between the hormone leptin and the development of NAFLD, suggesting potential advancements in disease management through further investigation of its role.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mette Yde Hochreuter, Morten Dall, Jonas T. Treebak, Romain Barres
Summary: This review summarizes the current knowledge on liver miRNA profiling studies in patients with different stages of NAFLD. It analyzes the mechanistic role of miRNA species such as miR-34a, miR-122, and miR-21 in NAFLD development and highlights novel NAFLD-related miRNAs. The review also discusses the role of exosomal microRNAs as intercellular or inter-organ messengers in NAFLD and explores the potential of circulating NAFLD-associated miRNAs as minimally invasive tools for diagnosis, staging, and prognosis, as well as their potential as NASH pharmacotherapeutic targets. Finally, the article discusses future research directions in the miRNA field.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Guanlin Li, Xinrong Zhang, Huapeng Lin, Lilian Yan Liang, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
Summary: New developments in non-invasive assessment methods show potential in diagnosing and monitoring NAFLD. Magnetic resonance imaging and blood biomarkers can be used to detect hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, but further research is needed to confirm their role in treatment monitoring.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Michihiro Iwaki, Takashi Kobayashi, Asako Nogami, Satoru Saito, Atsushi Nakajima, Masato Yoneda
Summary: With the increasing prevalence of NAFLD and aging population, sarcopenia is recognized as a pathological condition involved in the development and progression of NAFLD. In NAFLD, sarcopenia is closely associated with insulin resistance and occurs due to skeletal muscle atrophy. Inflammatory cytokines, low adiponectin levels, and hyperleptinemia also contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis. Sarcopenia is a prognostic factor in patients with cirrhosis and post-treatment liver cancer. Combined with increased visceral fat, sarcopenia can lead to sarcopenia-associated obesity, increasing the risk of NASH, liver fibrosis, and cardiovascular disease. Proper evaluation and treatment, including caloric restriction and exercise, are necessary for managing sarcopenia.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christina-Maria Flessa, Narjes Nasiri-Ansari, Ioannis Kyrou, Bianca M. Leca, Maria Lianou, Antonios Chatzigeorgiou, Gregory Kaltsas, Eva Kassi, Harpal S. Randeva
Summary: Due to the adoption of western-type lifestyles and eating habits, the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been rapidly increasing worldwide. This highlights the need to understand the molecular mechanisms driving the pathogenesis of this chronic disease and develop new approved treatments. Animal models play a crucial role in achieving these goals. Although there is no perfect mouse model for human NAFLD yet, several models have been developed through dietary interventions, genetic manipulations, and/or administration of chemical substances. In this article, we present the most commonly used mouse models in NAFLD research, for the entire disease spectrum or for specific stages. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each model, as well as the challenges faced by researchers aiming to develop and use animal models for translational research in NAFLD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Daryl Ramai, Antonio Facciorusso, Erika Vigandt, Bryan Schaf, Waleed Saadedeen, Aditya Chauhan, Sara di Nunzio, Aashni Shah, Luca Giacomelli, Rodolfo Sacco
Summary: NASH is a chronic and progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with increasing global incidence, posing an epidemic and public health threat. The disease is associated with major morbidity and mortality, with patients at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Current evidence suggests a multi-hit model involving various pathways leading to progressive fibrosis and oncogenesis, highlighting the complexity of the disease.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Seul Ki Han, Soon Koo Baik, Moon Young Kim
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease worldwide, with a prevalence of approximately 30%. Its prevalence varies depending on comorbidities and is expected to increase due to the rising obesity rates. NAFLD is a major cause of chronic liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This article provides a brief overview of NAFLD's definition and classification based on current knowledge.
CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xuan-vinh Kevin Nguyen, Jason Zhang, Ken Lee Chin, Stephen Bloom, Amanda J. Nicoll
Summary: This study compared the characteristics and survival rates of NAFLD-HCC patients to non-NAFLD-HCC patients, finding that NAFLD-HCC patients were more likely to be diagnosed based on symptoms and at an older age, with lower survival rates.
Review
Cell Biology
Yicheng Zhou, Zhangwang Li, Minxuan Xu, Deju Zhang, Jitao Ling, Peng Yu, Yunfeng Shen
Summary: This review discusses the crucial role of O-GlcNAcylation in the development of NAFLD, explores the impact of therapeutic approaches on O-GlcNAcylation, and presents novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatments of NAFLD.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yoon Mee Yang, Ye Eun Cho, Seonghwan Hwang
Summary: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), caused by excessive alcohol consumption, results in liver damage. Studies have shown that there is a relationship between hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, which may be useful for developing therapeutic approaches for ALD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Alexey A. Tinkov, Michael Aschner, Abel Santamaria, Alfred R. Bogdanov, Yousef Tizabi, Miriam B. Virgolini, Ji-Chang Zhou, Anatoly V. Skalny
Summary: The objective of this study was to review existing epidemiological and laboratory findings supporting the role of toxic metal exposure in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The existing studies demonstrate a link between exposure to cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury and an increased risk of NAFLD, as well as altered liver injury markers. Laboratory studies also show that metal exposure leads to hepatic lipid accumulation and affects metabolic pathways and inflammatory response.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Laura Valenzuela-Vallejo, Despina Sanoudou, Christos S. Mantzoros
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease with various complications. The lack of non-invasive diagnosis and effective treatment calls for a more specific subcategorization of fatty liver disease (FLD). A precision medicine approach based on subcategorization is expected to improve patient care and reduce healthcare costs associated with FLD.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Diogo Pellegrina, Khairunnadiya Prayitno, Amirhossein Azhie, Elisa Pasini, Cristina Baciu, Sandra Fischer, Juri Reimand, Mamatha Bhat
Summary: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading indication for liver transplantation, but it frequently recurs in the graft and can also arise de novo in individuals transplanted for other indications. The mechanistic basis of post-transplant NASH (PT-NASH) has not yet been defined and there are no specific therapeutic strategies currently available.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mohammad S. Siddiqui, Samarth Patel, Mikael Forsgren, Anh T. Bui, Steve Shen, Taseen Syed, Sherry Boyett, Shanshan Chen, Arun J. Sanyal, Susan Wolver, Danielle Kirkman, Francesco S. Celi, Chandra S. Bhati
Summary: This study evaluated the metabolic flexibility of patients who underwent liver transplantation for NASH cirrhosis. The findings suggest that reduced metabolic flexibility, characterized by impaired fatty acid utilization, may precede the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease after transplantation. The study also found a correlation between body mass index and fasting respiratory quotient in the NASH cohort.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Natalie B. Tan, Alistair T. Pagnamenta, Matteo P. Ferla, Jonathan Gadian, Brian H. Y. Chung, Marcus C. Y. Chan, Jasmine L. F. Fung, Edwin Cook, Stephen Guter, Felix Boschann, Andre Heinen, Jens Schallner, Cyril Mignot, Boris Keren, Sandra Whalen, Catherine Sarret, Dana Mittag, Laurie Demmer, Rachel Stapleton, Ken Saida, Naomichi Matsumoto, Noriko Miyake, Ruth Sheffer, Hagar Mor-Shaked, Christopher P. Barnett, Alicia B. Byrne, Hamish S. Scott, Alison Kraus, Gerarda Cappuccio, Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Raffaele Iorio, Fabiola Di Dato, Lynn S. Pais, Alison Yeung, Tiong Y. Tan, Jenny C. Taylor, John Christodoulou, Susan M. White
Summary: This study confirmed GNB2 as a neurodevelopmental disease gene, with missense variants causing a congenital disorder with variable syndromic features. The identified variants weaken the interaction with the G alpha subunit and broaden the spectrum of multisystem phenotypes associated with genes encoding G-proteins.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
(2022)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Alessandra D'Amico, Teresa Perillo, Renato Cuocolo, Lorenzo Ugga, Fabiola Di Dato, Ferdinando Caranci, Raffaele Iorio
Summary: Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a multisystemic disease caused by mutations in genes of the Notch pathway. Clinically, it is characterized by cholestasis, cardiac defects, facial features, and skeletal and ophthalmologic abnormalities. This review illustrates less well-known neuroradiological findings in ALGS, including cerebrovascular anomalies and other brain abnormalities.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giusy Ranucci, Claudia Della Corte, Daniele Alberti, Maria Pia Bondioni, Giovanni Boroni, Pier Luigi Calvo, Mara Cananzi, Manila Candusso, Maria Grazia Clemente, Lorenzo D'Antiga, Irene Degrassi, Jean De Ville De Goyet, Fabiola Di Dato, Angelo Di Giorgio, Carlo Dionisi Vici, Federica Ferrari, Paola Francalanci, Maurizio Fuoti, Fabio Fusaro, Paola Gaio, Chiara Grimaldi, Maria Iascone, Giuseppe Indolfi, Raffaele Iorio, Giuseppe Maggiore, Claudia Mandato, Lorenza Matarazzo, Lidia Monti, Fabio Mosca, Gabriella Nebbia, Federica Nuti, Giulia Paolella, Michele Pinon, Paola Roggero, Marco Sciveres, Daniele Serranti, Marco Spada, Pietro Vajro, Emanuel Nicastro
Summary: Neonatal and infantile cholestasis can be corrected by surgery or treated medically. Timely recognition and identification of the underlying etiology are crucial for improving outcomes. An expert working group was formed to formulate evidence-based positions on the diagnosis of NIC, defining the best-evidence diagnostic approach.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2022)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Fabiola Di Dato, Angelo Di Giorgio, Claudia Mandato, Giuseppe Maggiore, Raffaele Iorio
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Carola Giacobbe, Fabiola Di Dato, Daniela Palma, Michele Amitrano, Raffaele Iorio, Giuliana Fortunato
Summary: In this study, we presented the clinical, biochemical, and molecular characteristics of three patients with Caroli syndrome. Genetic analysis identified rare variants in the PKHD1 gene of the patients. These findings have important implications for clinical management and complication prevention.
MOLECULAR GENETICS & GENOMIC MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Fabiola Di Dato, Raffaele Iorio, Maria Immacolata Spagnuolo
Summary: Intestinal failure-associated liver disease is a progressive liver disease that occurs in patients with intestinal failure. The prevalence of this disease varies widely among patients. The pathophysiology is multifactorial and is related to different aspects of intestinal failure. Although the survival rates of children with intestinal failure have increased, IFALD remains a significant factor limiting long-term survival.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Fabiola Di Dato, Raffaele Iorio
PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Transplantation
Mohammad Shagrani, Kishwer Kumar, Alastair Baker, Moheeb Al-Awwami, Hussa Alhussaini, Hadeel Almanea, Hind Alhumaidan, Raffaele Iorio, Hana Al-Khabbaz, Martin Burdelski, Roberto Troisi, Dieter C. Broering
Summary: This study investigated pediatric liver transplantation across ABO blood group barriers, finding that it is a feasible and successful option with a low risk of antibody-mediated rejection.
TRANSPLANTATION DIRECT
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alessia Salatto, Maria Pia Riccio, Raffaele Garotti, Carmela Bravaccio, Maria Immacolata Spagnuolo
Summary: Since the post-pandemic period, there has been an increase in the incidence of eating disorders (EADs) and a lowering of the age of onset. In addition to the 'classic' forms, there has also been an increase in new forms of EADs. This article proposes a brief review of the literature concerning mainly two of these new disorders: atypical anorexia and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. In addition, a brief overview is proposed of the most frequently raised questions that clinicians may face when dealing with EADs. The answers are provided by doctors from the Federico II University of Naples, who additionally offer the most common red flags on the topic derived from long clinical experience. This article is proposed to be a brief operational guide for all clinicians working in the pediatric area in order to provide diagnostic clues and useful elements to refer patients to specialists for a correct and multidisciplinary treatment.
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alessia Salatto, Maria Immacolata Spagnuolo
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Raffaele Iorio, Fabiola Di Dato, Maria Immacolata Spagnuolo
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Raffaele Iorio, Fabiola Di Dato, Maria Immacolata Spagnuolo
LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Andrea Lo Vecchio, Sara Maria Scarano, Chiara Amato, Maria Immacolata Spagnuolo, Eugenia Bruzzese, Alfredo Guarino
Summary: The outbreak of COVID-19 led to a decrease in global tuberculosis notification rates. A study observed changes in the incidence rates and disease severity in children with tuberculosis before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that during the pandemic, there was an increase in severe cases, respiratory failure, and the need for intensive care support in pediatric patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Claudio Romano, Paolo Lionetti, Maria Immacolata Spagnuolo, Sergio Amarri, Antonella Diamanti, Elvira Verduci, Antonella Lezo, Gatti Simona
Summary: The benefits of bolus feeding for children receiving home enteral feeding (HEN) are supported by new evidence. However, current home methods have limitations, especially for mobile or restless patients. Therefore, innovative delivery methods have been introduced to provide more flexible and efficient feeding options.
EXPERT REVIEW OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
M. Guarino, F. Di Dato, L. Pignata, V Esposito, V Cossiga, R. Iorio, F. Morisco
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2022)