Article
Orthopedics
Hamed Esmaeili, Ali Sharifi
Summary: This study investigated the effect of different angular velocities on the asymmetry of hamstring-to-quadriceps strength ratio. The results showed that increasing angular velocity led to an increase in the hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio. There were no significant differences between the dominant and non-dominant legs, as well as the measurement velocities. Therefore, physical trainers can assess the bilateral asymmetry of the hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio with arbitrary angular velocities in clinical assessments.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Angela Rodriguez-Perea, Daniel Jerez-Mayorga, Maria Dolores Morenas-Aguilar, Dario Martinez-Garcia, Ignacio Jesus Chirosa-Rios, Luis Javier Chirosa-Rios, Waleska Reyes-Ferrada
Summary: This study examines the influence of sex and dominant/non-dominant side on trunk rotator muscles. The reliability of two trunk rotator exercises was assessed and correlations between sides were analyzed. The results show that sex significantly affects the reliability of one exercise, but there is no significant difference between dominant/non-dominant sides. Additionally, there are no significant differences between the dominant/non-dominant sides in relation to sex, and the strength of the two exercises only differs in specific conditions.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Carolina G. Fritsch, Mauricio P. Dornelles, Gabriel dos S. Oliveira, Bruno M. Baroni
Summary: This study evaluated the influence of hamstrings and quadriceps strength on the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio in male soccer players. The results showed that legs with lower ratios had decreased hamstrings concentric peak torque and increased quadriceps concentric peak torque.
SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Paul J. Read, Robin Trama, Sebastien Racinais, Sean McAuliffe, Jasenko Klauznicer, Marine Alhammoud
Summary: Analyzing the isokinetic curve post ACL reconstruction can help identify deficits in torque production and asymmetries in strength development, particularly at specific angles throughout the range of motion. The study found significant increases in extension peak torque in the involved limb, asymmetry favoring the un-involved limb, and reductions in extension torque at specific angles in the involved limb. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring angle-specific torque and H/Q ratios in strength development during rehabilitation.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Rebecca Brown, Matt Greig
Summary: Isokinetic dynamometry is the gold standard for strength assessment, but the configuration of the equipment used can affect the results. The extended hip configuration may better reflect the nature of the hamstring muscles and the mechanism of hamstring strain injury, but the sensitivity of strength metrics to configuration has implications for clinical assessment and training adaptations.
RESEARCH IN SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Angela Rodriguez-Perea, Maria Dolores Morenas Aguilar, Raquel Escobar-Molina, Dario Martinez-Garcia, Ignacio Chirosa Rios, Daniel Jerez-Mayorga, Luis Chirosa Rios, Danica Janicijevic, Waleska Reyes-Ferrada
Summary: This study aimed to explore the reliability of different strength variables collected in isokinetic and isometric conditions during two trunk rotator exercises and determine the relationship between isometric and dynamic strength variables. The results showed that the horizontal cable woodchop exercise is more reliable than the low cable woodchop exercise, and that average strength should be used as an evaluation measure. The most reliable evaluation was the HCW at 0.40 m/s concentric and eccentric contraction, and the dynamic condition that correlated most with the isometric was LWC at 0.50 m/s.
Article
Sport Sciences
Jon E. Goodwin, Anthony M. J. Bull
Summary: The study examined the reliability, joint angle sensitivity, muscle recruitment, and concurrent validity of a force plate-based isometric hip extensor test. The results showed that the test is repeatable, sensitive to joint position, and can assess different functional output.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gonzalo Torres, Estrella Armada-Cortes, Javier Rueda, Alejandro F. San Juan, Enrique Navarro
Summary: Surface electromyography is a valid tool for assessing quadriceps and hamstring muscle activation in professional male and female soccer teams. The study found differences in muscle activation patterns between male and female players, particularly in the vastus medialis:vastus lateralis ratio. These differences could be useful in injury prevention and rehabilitation programs.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ronan Grimandi, Florine Tissier, Christophe Andro, Dominique Tardy, Francois-Xavier Gunepin, Fabrice Rannou, Marie-Agnes Giroux-Metges
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of disuse on thigh muscle induced by unloading and immobilization due to care in patients with severe ankle sprains. The results showed that disuse leads to a significant deficit in the strength of knee muscles, with the hamstrings being more affected than the quadriceps. Therefore, the rehabilitation protocol should include early training of both quadriceps and hamstrings to prevent the risk of iterative ankle injuries and secondary knee injuries.
Article
Sport Sciences
Benoit Gillet, Yoann Blache, Isabelle Rogowski, Gregory Vigne, Bertrand Sonnery-Cottet, Jean-Marie Fayard, Mathieu Thaunat
Summary: The study found that adding anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR) with a gracilis graft during ACL reconstruction does not alter the muscle recovery observed at 6 months postoperatively.
SPORTS HEALTH-A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Marit L. Mulder, Elke Van den Steen, Jan De Neve, Adam Weir
Summary: This study examined the intra-observer reliability of a trunk isokinetic dynamometer. The results showed good reliability for peak torque of core strength, while peak torque angle and time to peak torque had lower reliability. Compensatory torques showed moderate to good reliability.
JOURNAL OF BACK AND MUSCULOSKELETAL REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kushla Nand Sharma, Nishat Quddus, Unaise Abdul Hameed, Sohrab Ahmad Khan, Anita Kumari, Ahmad H. Alghadir, Masood Khan
Summary: This study found that 6 weeks of eccentric and concentric isokinetic training of the hamstring increased PTecc and PTecc/PTcon, while decreasing AThams and ATquad. The effects of eccentric and concentric isokinetic training on PTecc, PTecc/PTcon, AThams, and ATquad were not mode specific.
Article
Sport Sciences
Enda F. Whyte, Brian Heneghan, Kevin Feely, Kieran A. Moran, Siobhan O'Connor
Summary: This study compared the effects of hip extension exercise and Nordic hamstring exercise on eccentric hamstring isokinetic strength, finding that both programs were equally effective in improving hamstring strength and could be useful in preventing hamstring injuries.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Waleska Reyes-Ferrada, Luis Chirosa-Rios, Angela Rodriguez-Perea, Daniel Jerez-Mayorga, Ignacio Chirosa-Rios
Summary: The systematic review found that due to low quality of evidence and diverse protocols used in measuring trunk isokinetic strength, it is currently not possible to establish reference values for trunk strength in subjects with acute low back pain (ALBP). Further high-quality research is needed in this area.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Indya del-Cuerpo, Daniel Jerez-Mayorga, Pedro Delgado-Floody, Maria Dolores Morenas-Aguilar, Luis Javier Chirosa-Rios
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of two different functional electromechanical dynamometry (FEMD)-controlled squat training protocols. The results showed that FEMD is a reliable instrument to measure ROM, MDS, PDS, MV, PV, PV, MP, MP, W, and I during both squat protocols in healthy young adults.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Thomas G. Balshaw, Garry J. Massey, Thomas M. Maden-Wilkinson, Marcel B. Lanza, Jonathan P. Folland
Summary: This cross-sectional study compared explosive strength and underlying muscular characteristics between long-term maximum strength-trained and untrained individuals. The study found that long-term maximum strength-trained individuals had greater maximum voluntary torque, muscle size, and absolute explosive torque compared to untrained individuals. However, their relative explosive torque and evoked torque were lower, indicating slower contractile properties.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Emmet J. Mc Dermott, Thomas G. Balshaw, Katherine Brooke-Wavell, Thomas M. Maden-Wilkinson, Jonathan P. Folland
Summary: This study compared the neuromechanics of different types of concentric isoinertial resistance training contractions in older adults. The results showed that fast/ballistic contractions produced significantly greater power, force, velocity, and muscle activation, making them a more effective stimulus for training neuromuscular power in older adults.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Rachel Malcolm, Simon Cooper, Jonathan P. Folland, Christopher J. Tyler, Caroline Sunderland
Summary: This study demonstrates the effects of a competitive hockey match on cognition, including improved response times for simple perception tasks and complex executive function tasks during the match, but decreased working memory at the end of the match. These findings have implications for performance optimization and strategies to improve cognitive domains.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dimitrios Voukelatos, Pavlos E. Evangelidis, Matthew T. G. Pain
Summary: This study presents a model based on torque measurements to evaluate the muscle strength balance of the knee joint. The results show that the model performs well under various conditions and can provide fast and accurate assessment results.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Daniela Souza de Oliveira, Andrea Casolo, Thomas G. Balshaw, Sumiaki Maeo, Marcel Bahia Lanza, Neil R. W. Martin, Nicola Maffulli, Thomas Mehari Kinfe, Bjoern M. Eskofier, Jonathan P. Folland, Dario Farina, Alessandro Del Vecchio
Summary: This study systematically investigated the anatomical and neural factors influencing high-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG) decomposition. The results showed that anatomical factors such as subcutaneous tissue thickness, distribution of motor unit territories, and maximum anatomical cross-sectional area have a significant impact on the accuracy of HD-sEMG decomposition.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jakob Skarabot, Jonathan P. Folland, Ales Holobar, Stuart N. Baker, Alessandro Del Vecchio
Summary: Motor unit discharge characteristics play a crucial role in determining the rate of force development in adult humans, but the neural substrate underlying this output remains unclear. Our study provides evidence, for the first time, that a startling cue can increase the synaptic inputs to motoneurons, leading to a greater number of discharges per motor unit per second and a higher rate of force development. These findings suggest a possible subcortical contribution to the maximal motor unit discharge rate in adult humans.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Katsuki Takahashi, Hiroto Shiotani, Pavlos E. Evangelidis, Natsuki Sado, Yasuo Kawakami
Summary: The variability in fascicle architecture within a muscle is regionally dependent and influenced by the size of the muscle.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Robert Miller, Thomas G. G. Balshaw, Garry J. J. Massey, Sumiaki Maeo, Marcel B. B. Lanza, Bill Haug, Michael Johnston, Sam J. J. Allen, Jonathan P. P. Folland
Summary: This study compared lower body muscle volumes and vertical jumping power between elite and subelite female sprinters. The results showed that elite sprinters had higher muscle volumes and power. The relative volume of the hip flexors was particularly important for sprint performance.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Thomas G. Balshaw, Mark P. Funnell, Emmet McDermott, Thomas M. Maden-Wilkinson, Sean Abela, Btool Quteishat, Max Edsey, Lewis J. James, Jonathan P. Folland
Summary: This study found that supplementation with bioactive collagen peptides (CP) can enhance the functional, structural, and contractile adaptations of skeletal muscle to resistance training (RT). CP supplementation can increase muscle volume and strength, with a more pronounced effect on quadriceps remodeling.
Article
Physiology
Pavlos E. Evangelidis, Xiyao Shan, Shun Otsuka, Chi Yang, Takaki Yamagishi, Yasuo Kawakami
Summary: The study found that fatigue has a differential effect on the mechanical properties of the hamstring muscles depending on the contraction type, with the BFlh being more susceptible to fatigue during eccentric contractions, which may explain its vulnerability to strain injuries.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jakob Skarabot, Jonathan P. Folland, Jules Forsyth, Apostolos Vazoukis, Ales Holobar, Alessandro Del Vecchio
Summary: This study examined the motor unit (MU) discharge properties and MU conduction velocity in long-term resistance-trained (RT) and untrained (UT) men. The results showed that both groups had similar MU discharge characteristics during maximal and submaximal contractions, while the RT group had higher MU conduction velocity, which may explain the strength difference between the two groups.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Benjamin W. C. Jerome, Michael Stoeckl, Ben Mackriell, Thomas Seidl, Christian W. W. Dawson, Daniel T. P. Fong, Jonathan P. P. Folland
Summary: This study investigated the effect of match structure variables on the physical demands and intensity of elite soccer. The study found that physical demands were higher when the ball was in play compared to when it was out of play. Additionally, possession of the ball also influenced physical intensity, with higher rates of distance covered during possession.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Andrea Casolo, Sumiaki Maeo, Thomas G. Balshaw, Marcel B. Lanza, Neil R. W. Martin, Stefano Nuccio, Tatiana Moro, Antonio Paoli, Francesco Felici, Nicola Maffulli, Bjoern Eskofier, Thomas M. Kinfe, Jonathan P. Folland, Dario Farina, Alessandro Del Vecchio
Summary: By combining non-invasive high-density surface EMG with muscle biopsy, the study investigated the relation between motor unit conduction velocity and muscle fibre diameter in the biceps brachii muscle. The results show the possibility of estimating muscle fibre size using conduction velocity estimates with low bias and individual error.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Emmet J. Mc Dermott, Thomas G. Balshaw, Katherine Brooke-Wavell, Thomas M. Maden-Wilkinson, Jonathan P. Folland
Summary: A prior eccentric lowering phase before a concentric lift can improve muscle power and velocity in older adults, making it an important component of resistance exercise for this population.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Katsuki Takahashi, Hiroto Shiotani, Pavlos e. Evangelidis, Natsuki Sado, Yasuo Kawakami
Summary: The study found that during passive ankle dorsiflexion, the elongation of the whole muscle belly was 38% greater than that of the fascicles. The rotation of fascicles in the sagittal and coronal planes contributed significantly to the gearing effect, accounting for 19% of the whole muscle belly elongation.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)