Correction
Environmental Sciences
Jason R. Vogel, Dale W. Griffin, Hon S. Ip, Nicholas J. Ashbolt, Matthew T. Moser, Jingrang Lu, Mary K. Beitz, Hodon Ryu, Jorge W. Santo Domingo
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Water Resources
Kimberly Pugel, Amy Javernick-Will, Muhammed Mussa, Lemessa Mekonta, Desta Dimtse, Martin Watsisi, Angela Huston, Karl Linden
Summary: Decentralization in many African countries has made local governments responsible for water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) service provision. To strengthen service provision, local governments are increasingly collaborating with internal and external stakeholders, resulting in 'collaborative approaches'. This study investigates how collaborative approaches in Ethiopia and Uganda obtained government commitment and finds that they must be seen as legitimate, align with government mandates, and demonstrate value to decision-makers.
JOURNAL OF WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE FOR DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Development Studies
Jami Nelson-Nunez, Simon Mostafa, Rayan B. Mahoney, Karl G. Linden
Summary: This study explores the reasons for non-use of available rural water supply systems in areas with public taps with treated water, focusing on the importance of community meeting attendance for consistent use. Findings suggest that non-users are more likely to be those living further from the water source and with lower levels of education, indicating that community approaches to health interventions may be more effective for certain demographics.
JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ben Ma, Saba Seyedi, Emma Wells, David McCarthy, Nicholas Crosbie, Karl G. Linden
Summary: This study investigates the inactivation of biofilm-bound Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells using different UVC devices with varying peak emission wavelengths. The results show that UV LEDs, particularly those with a peak emission at 270 nm, provided the best disinfection performance. The study also observed the UV shielding effect of biofilm constituents and found that biofilm-bound cells were less UV-sensitive compared to planktonic cells. This study provides valuable insights for the use of emerging UV technologies in controlling biofilm and pathogens in water distribution systems.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Roberto A. Rodriguez, Cesar Navar, Jatuwat Sangsanont, Karl G. Linden
Summary: Adenoviruses isolated from sewage samples showed high resistance to UV irradiation compared to laboratory grown strains, although the required doses for medium pressure UV lamps were still lower than low pressure UV lamps. These findings suggest that the fluence required for inactivation of adenoviruses in real-world waters may be higher than previously understood.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ernest R. Blatchley, David J. Brenner, Holger Claus, Troy E. Cowan, Karl G. Linden, Yijing Liu, Ted Mao, Sung-Jin Park, Patrick J. Piper, Richard M. Simons, David H. Sliney
Summary: Far UV-C radiation, with wavelengths between 200 and 230 nm, is highly effective in inactivating airborne pathogens while having minimal potential to cause damage to human skin and eye tissues. By controlling indoor ozone production, Far UV-C devices can be used in occupied spaces to improve the inactivation of airborne pathogens, including those responsible for COVID-19.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jennifer Henderson, Ben Ma, Martin Cohen, Joel Dazey, John Scott Meschke, Karl G. Linden
Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy and safety of UVGI devices, finding that LP devices emitted sufficient UVC radiation to effectively inactivate SARS-CoV-2 within a short period of time, while KrCl* devices did not emit enough radiation for effective disinfection. UV fluence from KrCl* devices for employees was below ACGIH's Threshold Limit Values, but caution is necessary for photosensitive individuals and those exposed to multiple UV sources throughout the day.
JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Emma M. Payne, Bryan Liu, Lauren Mullen, Karl G. Linden
Summary: KrCl* excimer lamps emitting at 222 nm have the potential to enhance ultraviolet (UV)-based advanced oxidation efficiency. Experiments comparing low-pressure UV (LPUV) and KrCl* excimer lamps were conducted in ultrapure water and groundwater, with different radical promoters. The results showed that the concentration of hydroxyl radicals (.OH) achieved using KrCl*/NO3- UV/AOP was significantly higher than that of conventional LPUV/H2O2, both in ultrapure water and groundwater. Several research gaps were identified to facilitate the adoption of KrCl* for UV/AOP in the future.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ben Ma, Kelly Bright, Luisa Ikner, Christian Ley, Saba Seyedi, Charles P. Gerba, Mark D. Sobsey, Patrick Piper, Karl G. Linden
Summary: This study investigates the effectiveness of a KrCl* excimer emitting at 222 nm in inactivating bacteria and viruses. The results show that the KrCl* excimer can effectively inactivate all tested microorganisms, with better disinfection performance for viruses compared to conventional UV lamps emitting at 254 nm.
PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Saba Seyedi, Ben Ma, Megan Groves, Hal King, Karl G. Linden
Summary: Far UV-C is an effective disinfection method that can be used in occupied areas. The use of filtered KrCl* excimer lamps emitting light at 222 nm has been proven to be safe for human exposure and can effectively disinfect pathogens. Laboratory and field testing showed that this method can achieve complete inactivation of viruses in a short exposure time. The study demonstrates the applicability and deployment of Far UV-C for pathogen reduction and provides valuable insights for its implementation in human-occupied environments.
PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Paul Onkundi Nyangaresi, Thusitha Rathnayake, Sara E. Beck
Summary: Ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) have the ability to inactivate microorganisms and viruses in water. The combination of UV-C, UV-B, and UV-A wavelengths in different ways allows for polychromatic irradiation. Previous studies have shown no synergy from simultaneous or sequential UV-C and UV-B irradiation, but there is synergy between UV-A followed by UV-C or UV-B irradiation. This study evaluated the disinfection efficacy of single UV-C and UV-A followed by UV-C LED irradiation on Escherichia coli, Bacillus spizizenii spores, and MS2 bacteriophage in water. The results showed that single 267 nm UV-C LED had higher inactivation efficacy, while single 278 nm UV-C LED had higher efficacy in terms of repair suppression and electrical energy consumption. Using single UV-C LEDs in water disinfection systems can reduce costs and achieve better levels of microorganism inactivation, repair suppression, and electrical energy consumption.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Asher E. Keithley, Hodon Ryu, Vicente Gomez-Alvarez, Stephen Harmon, Christina Bennett-Stamper, Daniel Williams, Darren A. Lytle
Summary: This study assessed the treatment performance and microbial communities within 7 pilot- and full-scale groundwater biotreatment systems in the United States that treated waters with multiple reduced inorganic contaminants. The study revealed that influent NH3, TOC, and pH contributed to differences in the microbial communities, and highlighted the importance of heterotrophic bacteria in nitrifying biofilters.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bryan Liu, Lauren Mullen, Emma M. Payne, Karl G. Linden
Summary: Krypton chloride (KrCl*) excimer ultraviolet (UV) light may offer advantages over conventional low-pressure (LP) UV for contaminant degradation. The authors investigated the direct and indirect photolysis as well as UV/hydrogen peroxide-driven advanced oxidation (AOP) of two chemical contaminants in different water samples using KrCl* and 254nm, 222nm UV sources. The results showed that the 222nm excimer lamps significantly improved the degradation of contaminants compared to the conventional 254nm LPUV. Rating: 8/10.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lidori Edri, Karl G. Linden, Nadeem Ibrahim, Dror Avisar, Aviv Kaplan, Sarah Hayoune, Yaal Lester
Summary: Irradiation of nitrate (NO3-) with UVC light generates photo-sensitized oxidants, such as hydroxyl radicals (OH) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which can promote the degradation of contaminants. This study explores the degradation kinetics and photochemical parameters of groundwater contaminants under UV/NO3- treatment, and proposes metrics to determine the photosensitivity and radical reactivity of contaminants.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kaleisha D. Miller, Matthew J. Bentley, Joseph N. Ryan, Karl G. Linden, Caleb Larison, Benjamin A. Kienzle, Lynn E. Katz, Alana M. Wilson, Jordan T. Cox, Parthiv Kurup, Kurt M. Van Allsburg, James McCall, Jordan E. Macknick, Michael S. Talmadge, Ariel Miara, Kurban A. Sitterley, Anna Evans, Kiran Thirumaran, Mini Malhotra, Susana Garcia Gonzalez, Jennifer R. Stokes-Draut, Shankararaman Chellam
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the impact of mining on local water supplies and environments and identifies research directions for implementable, reliable, and cost-effective advanced water treatment in the mining sector. By reviewing existing literature and conducting case studies, this study reveals the water usage in mining, treatment technologies, and the potential for beneficial reuse. The study also assesses the national level impacts resulting from the reuse of treated mine source water.
ACS ES&T ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rong-Gui Zhu, Chang-Gui Pan, Feng-Jiao Peng, Chao-Yang Zhou, Jun-Jie Hu, Kefu Yu
Summary: This comprehensive survey investigated the occurrence, bioaccumulation, and trophic magnification of parabens and their metabolite 4-HB in a marine food web. Results showed that parabens were the predominant pollutants in marine organisms, with significant bioaccumulation from sediments. The estimated trophic magnification factor indicated biomagnification for MeP and trophic dilution for 4-HB. Overall, the risks for humans consuming marine organisms were found to be low.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Andres F. Torres-Franco, Deborah Leroy-Freitas, Cristina Martinez-Fraile, Elisa Rodriguez, Pedro A. Garcia-Encina, Raul Munoz
Summary: Anaerobic and microalgae-based technologies have emerged as sustainable alternatives for municipal wastewater treatment. However, the presence of viruses in the treated wastewater is a major concern for reuse applications. This study assessed the ability of these technologies to reduce viruses during secondary wastewater treatment. The results showed that all technologies were effective in reducing the concentration of viruses, with microalgae-based treatment exhibiting the highest potential for reducing the disinfection requirements of treated wastewater.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Young Gwang Kim, Sae Yun Kwon, Spencer J. Washburn, Scott C. Brooks, Ji Won Yoon, Lucien Besnard
Summary: The study uses Hg isotope ratios to identify the sources and exposure pathways of mercury in bivalves, finding that dissolved Hg phases in the water column are the primary source and exposure pathway to bivalves. This provides new insights into using bivalves as bioindicators for sediment quality monitoring.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hui Geng, Ying Xu, Rui Liu, Dianhai Yang, Xiaohu Dai
Summary: This study investigates the effect of cation exchange resin (CER) on the sequential recovery of hydrogen and methane from anaerobic digestion (AD) and the corresponding mechanisms. The results show that CER can simultaneously enhance the production of hydrogen and methane by promoting the solubilisation, hydrolysis, and acidification of organic matter. Additionally, CER facilitates effective contact between bacteria and organic particulates and reduces the energy barrier for mass transfer during methane production. The study also reveals changes in the microbial community structure and metagenomics during the AD process.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaojing Lin, Zhan Jin, Shunfeng Jiang, Zhiquan Wang, Suqing Wu, Ke Bei, Min Zhao, Xiangyong Zheng
Summary: Dehumidification combined with addition of absorbent resin supplement (ARS) was used to achieve rapid evaporation of non-pretreated urine, resulting in high water evaporation efficiency and nutrient recovery.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yangli Che, Chaoran Lin, Shen Li, Jiao Liu, Longhai Zhu, Shilei Yu, Nan Wang, Haoshuai Li, Mutai Bao, Yang Zhou, Tonghao Si, Rui Bao
Summary: Hydrodynamic processes play a crucial role in the transmission of sediments, microbial assembly, and organic carbon redistribution in the ocean. Through experiments and analysis, we found that hydrodynamics shape the assembly of microbial communities and control the redistribution of different sourced organic carbon, thereby influencing microbial-mediated biogeochemical transformation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chao Chen, Yu Yang, Nigel J. D. Graham, Zhenyu Li, Xingtao Yang, Zhining Wang, Nadia Farhat, Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder, Li -an Hou
Summary: The fouling of seawater reverse osmosis membranes is a persistent challenge in desalination. This study monitored the operational performance of a desalination plant for 7 years and the fouling development in different areas of membrane modules. The findings showed that operational performance declined over time and fouling mainly occurred at the feed side of the modules, with the highest microbial diversity. Keystone species like Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes played an important role in maintaining community structure and biofilm maturation. Polysaccharides, soluble microbial products, marine humic acid-like substances, and inorganic substances contributed to fouling. Overall, biofouling had a significant impact on membrane fouling after 7 years of operation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dan Li, Jieyi Sun, Yibo Fu, Wentao Hong, Heli Wang, Qian Yang, Junhong Wu, Sen Yang, Jianhui Xu, Yunfei Zhang, Yirong Deng, Yin Zhong, Ping'an Peng
Summary: Sulfidation-oxidation treatment of magnetite (Fe3O4) enhances the production of dark center dot OH, which can efficiently degrade dissolved organic matter (DOM) and accelerate carbon cycling.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Cheng Yu, Kaijun Wang, Kaiyuan Zhang, Ruiyang Liu, Pingping Zheng
Summary: This study implemented a microaerobic-aerobic configuration in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment facility and investigated the effects on sludge characteristics, pollutant removal, microbial community, and granulation mechanisms. The results showed successful transition from flocculent-activated sludge to well-defined AGS after two months of operation. The primary pathways for pollutant removal were simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal. Moreover, the incorporation of internal separators induced shifts in the flow pattern, which promoted granulation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhe Zhang, Shaoyang Hu, Guangrong Sun, Wei Wang
Summary: Halogenated aromatic disinfection byproducts (DBPs), such as halogenated phenols, have garnered widespread attention due to their high toxicity and prevalence. This study reports on the analysis, occurrence, and cytotoxicity of a group of emerging halogenated aromatic DBPs, known as halogenated polyhydroxyphenols (HPPs), in drinking water.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shengyue Chen, Jinliang Huang, Peng Wang, Xi Tang, Zhenyu Zhang
Summary: Accurate prediction of river water quality is crucial for sustainable water management. This study introduces wavelet analysis and transfer learning techniques to assist LSTM modeling, proposing a newly coupled modeling approach that improves short-term prediction of river water quality.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bang Du, Xinmin Zhan, Piet N. L. Lens, Yifeng Zhang, Guangxue Wu
Summary: Efficient anaerobic digestion relies on the cooperation of different microorganisms with different metabolic pathways. This study investigated the effects of different operational modes and the addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on ethanol metabolic pathways. The results showed that the SBR mode and the presence of CO2 facilitated ethanol metabolism towards propionate production, while the CFR mode with extended solids retention time enriched Geobacter. Adjusting operational modes and PAC addition can modulate anaerobic ethanol metabolism and enrich Geobacter.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wanfa Wang, Si-Liang Li, Jun Zhong, Yuanbi Yi, Fujun Yue, Zenglei Han, Qixin Wu, Ding He, Cong-Qiang Liu
Summary: This study compares the carbon biogeochemical processes in karst and non-karst regions within large thermal stratified river-reservoir systems. The results demonstrate that karst reservoirs have a reduced potential for carbon emissions and highlight the importance of considering geologic settings to improve accuracy in regional and global CO2 emission estimates.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chunxia Jiang, Zelong Zhao, Dong Zhu, Xiong Pan, Yuyi Yang
Summary: This study analyzed the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in different environmental media of the Yangtze River using metagenomics. Core resistome dominated by multidrug resistance genes was found in all samples, while rare resistome dominated by various resistance genes was more prevalent in plasmids. Specific bacteria were identified as hosts for both core and rare resistomes, with high clinical concern ARGs found in the rare resistome. Particle-associated environment provided the most ideal conditions for resistome hosts. This study provided insights into the genetic locations of ARGs and the community assembly mechanisms of ARG hosts in freshwater environments.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yu Zhang, Yongtao He, Linchun Jia, Lei Xu, Zheng Wang, Yueling He, Ling Xiong, Xumeng Lin, Hong Chen, Gang Xue
Summary: By synergizing organic carbon source, thiosulfate, and zero-valent iron, efficient mixotrophic denitrification of oligotrophic secondary effluent can be achieved. Thiosulfate plays a vital role in promoting TN removal efficiency, while corrosion of Fe0 releases OH- to neutralize H+ from thiosulfate-driven denitrification, creating a suitable environment for denitrification. The coordination of thiosulfate and Fe0 maintains the dominance of Thiobacillus for denitrification.