Article
Environmental Sciences
Sakthivel Rajamohan, Joseph John Marshal, Sidharth Suresh
Summary: The research on the application of synthetic fuel derived from waste plastics in a direct injection diesel engine shows that SF20 blend exhibits superior performance and emission characteristics under various loading conditions compared to other blends.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wenhao Hu, Zsuzsa Sarossy, Anker Degn Jensen, Anders Egede Daugaard, Peter Arendt Jensen
Summary: In this study, the pyrolysis of pure low density polyethylene was investigated using a lab-scale two-stage fixed-bed pyrolyzer. Different catalytic materials were used in the second reactor to upgrade the vapors. The results showed that the use of certain catalysts and higher temperatures can significantly decrease the chain length of hydrocarbons in the condensed product and convert the wax into a liquid.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rahul Mishra, Aman Kumar, Ekta Singh, Sunil Kumar
Summary: The disposal of plastic waste is a global issue that affects the environment and mankind. Thermochemical recycling techniques, particularly pyrolysis, have been extensively researched to convert waste plastics into value-added products. Catalytic pyrolysis is used to produce higher quantities of fuel, and various catalysts are employed for this purpose. This Perspective provides an overview of recent developments in catalytic pyrolysis, focusing on the impact on product yields and composition, as well as the potential applications. It also includes a thorough review of techno-economic assessment.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Shashank Pal, Anil Kumar, Amit Kumar Sharma, Praveen Kumar Ghodke, Shyam Pandey, Alok Patel
Summary: With the depletion of fossil fuels and the increasing amount of plastic waste, the proper management of plastic waste for sustainable technologies is crucial. Chemical recycling technologies based on pyrolysis are considered the best waste management approaches, but further research and development are needed to make waste-plastic-based fuels economically viable.
Article
Thermodynamics
Katarzyna Januszewicz, Jacek Hunicz, Pawel Kazimierski, Arkadiusz Rybak, Tomasz Suchocki, Kamil Duda, Maciej Mikulski
Summary: This study focuses on using pyrolysis to convert plastic solid waste into renewable drop-in fuel. The study provides an unbiased benchmark of polypropylene and polystyrene pyrolysis oils and explores their combustion characteristics in a research engine. The results show that plastic-derived fuels can meet emission and safety regulations for diesel engines with proper feedstock segregation and process optimization.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Um-e-Salma Amjad, Arshia Tajjamal, Anwar Ul-Hamid, Abrar Faisal, Lubna Sherin, Amna Mir, Maria Mustafa, Nabeel Ahmad, Murid Hussain, Young-Kwon Park, Syed Ammar Hussain Zaidi
Summary: The catalytic cracking of polystyrene pyrolysis oil was investigated using Nb2O5 and NiO/Nb2O5 catalysts in a fixed bed reactor. It was found that both catalysts were able to convert dimers in the pyrolysis oil to monomers, with slightly higher activity observed for the NiO/Nb2O5 catalyst. Increasing the temperature positively affected the yield of gases during the catalytic cracking process.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Carlos Marquez, Cristina Martin, Noemi Linares, Dirk De Vos
Summary: The recycling of polystyrene (PS) remains a challenge, but catalytic depolymerization can overcome these issues by producing styrene and other valuable aromatics from waste, enabling sustainable production.
MATERIALS HORIZONS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Eki Tina Aisien, Ifechukwude Christopher Otuya, Felix Aibuedefe Aisien
Summary: The study focused on the pyrolysis of waste polypropylene plastic using a batch reactor with varying reaction temperatures and catalyst ratios. The results showed that the catalyst, reaction temperatures, and catalyst to plastic ratio all had significant impact on the yield and composition of the pyrolysis products.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Manigandan Sekar, Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Sandro Nizetic, T. R. Praveenkumar
Summary: The paper reviews the new progress, challenges, and barriers on production of pyrolysis oil from plastic waste. Thermal and catalytic processes are potential methods to produce oil, with discussion on advantages and fuel characteristics. Application of pyrolysis oil on diesel engines and its impact on combustion and emission characteristics are also discussed.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Daria Fraczak, Grazyna Fabis, Beata Orlinska
Summary: Chemical recycling of polymers can produce a variety of products and play a significant role in the circular economy by using plastic waste as raw materials for valuable materials. The study focused on the continuous cracking of polyolefins and polystyrene in different proportions, along with the addition of other polymers like PET and PVC, at the pilot scale to investigate process parameters and product yields. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for detailed analysis of product compositions, while boiling temperature distribution and bromine number were used for additional product characterization.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yosuke Nakaji, Masazumi Tamura, Shuhei Miyaoka, Shogo Kumagai, Mifumi Tanji, Yoshinao Nakagawa, Toshiaki Yoshioka, Keiichi Tomishige
Summary: A new low-temperature catalytic method using CeO2-supported Ru (Ru/CeO2) catalyst has been developed for upgrading waste polyolefinic plastics to valuable chemicals such as liquid fuels and waxes, with high yields of 92%. This catalyst is effective in hydrogenolysis of various polyethylenes and polypropylene, providing valuable chemicals with yields ranging from 83% to 90%. Additionally, commercial plastic bags and waste polyethylenes can be transformed to valuable chemicals with yields of 91% and 88%, respectively.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Piyaporn Kasetsupsin, Tharapong Vitidsant, Aminta Permpoonwiwat, Naphat Phowan, Witchakorn Charusiri
Summary: Catalytic pyrolysis of waste polyethylene wax can achieve high yield and desirable product distribution, contributing to the exploration of circular economy and waste reduction. The catalysts play a crucial role in the conversion of waste polyethylene wax under specific conditions.
Review
Energy & Fuels
K. Radhakrishnan, P. Senthil Kumar, Gayathri Rangasamy, L. Praveen Perumal, S. Sanaulla, S. Nilavendhan, V. Manivasagan, K. Saranya
Summary: Plastic production has increased globally, leading to the disposal of plastic waste in landfills or scattered, posing health and environmental risks. Converting plastic waste into fuels or other options is a more sustainable waste management approach than landfill dumping. Effective plastic waste disposal is crucial due to the long degradation time of plastic.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Son Dong, Houqian Li, Iris K. Bloede, Abdullah J. Al Abdulghani, Edgard A. Lebron-Rodriguez, George W. Huber, Ive Hermans
Summary: The catalytic conversion of model compounds for plastic pyrolysis oil (1-octene, octadiene, octane, and toluene) over ZSM-5 in a fixed-bed reactor was investigated mechanistically. The conversion of 1-octene resulted in the production of benzene, toluene, xylene, coke, and hydrogen through a series of cracking, oligomerization, cyclization, and hydrogen transfer reactions. Octadiene mainly contributed to reactor fouling through thermal coking, while octane and toluene were converted through cracking reactions and disproportionation, dealkylation, and coking reactions, respectively. The use of mesoporous ZSM-5 maintained product selectivity for 70 hours in time-on-stream experiments.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Muhammad Irfan, Rishmail Saleem, Bilal Shoukat, Hammad Hussain, Shazia Shukrullah, Muhammad Yasin Naz, Saifur Rahman, Abdulnour Ali Jazem Ghanim, Grzegorz Nawalany, Tomasz Jakubowski
Summary: This study demonstrated the in-situ microwave pyrolysis of plastic waste using Zeolite Socony Mobil ZSM-5 catalyst, resulting in the production of hydrogen, liquid fuel, and carbon nanotubes. The use of activated carbon as a heat susceptor and moderate temperatures of 400-450 degrees C were employed. The effect of plastic composition, catalyst loading, and plastic type on the product yields was quantified.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sonal K. Thengane, Andrew Hoadley, Sankar Bhattacharya, Sagar Mitra, Santanu Bandyopadhyay
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN
(2018)
Article
Electrochemistry
Daniel Fini, Sukhvinder P. S. Badwal, Sarbjit Giddey, Aniruddha P. Kulkarni, Sankar Bhattacharya
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2018)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Nur Hidayah Zainan, Srikanth Chakravartula Srivatsa, Fanghua Li, Sankar Bhattacharya
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tao Xu, Sankar Bhattacharya
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Youjian Zhu, Philip J. van Eyk, Christoffer Boman, Markus Brostrom, Kawnish Kirtania, Patrycja Piotrowska, Dan Bostrom, Rocky de Nys, Sankar Bhattacharya, Francesco G. Gentili, Peter J. Ashman
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shanthi Priya Samudrala, Shalini Kandasamy, Sankar Bhattacharya
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2018)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Prachi Varshney, John Beardall, Sankar Bhattacharya, Pramod P. Wangikar
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Srikanth Chakravartula Srivatsa, Sankar Bhattacharya
JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shanthi Priya Samudrala, Sankar Bhattacharya
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Sheila Devasahayam, R. K. Singh Raman, K. Chennakesavulu, Sankar Bhattacharya
Article
Energy & Fuels
Saheli Biswas, Shambhu Singh Rathore, Aniruddha Pramod Kulkarni, Sarbjit Giddey, Sankar Bhattacharya
Summary: Reversible solid oxide cells (rSOC) enable efficient cyclic conversion between electrical and chemical energy, with hydrogen, methane, and ammonia as primary fuels under investigation. Hydrogen as a fuel has the highest round-trip efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
M. Shahabuddin, Sankar Bhattacharya
Summary: The study evaluated the entrained flow co-gasification of coal and biomass through thermodynamic equilibrium modeling. It was observed that the lower heating value (LHV) and cold gas efficiency (CGE) increase with temperature until reaching steady state, and pressure has a dominant effect on syngas composition at non-steady state conditions. A blend of 50% biomass showed a higher LHV and CGE compared to pure coal, indicating that biomass blending up to 50% favors gasification performance.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chandan Kundu, Saheli Biswas, Mahmud Arman Kibria, Sankar Bhattacharya
Summary: This study demonstrates the one-step thermochemical conversion of biomass to highly valuable platform chemicals using hydrochloric acid gas as a catalyst. The presence of hydrochloric acid gas and higher cellulose content in biomass increase the concentration of the target chemicals, levoglucosenone and 5-chloromethyl furfural. The optimal temperature for producing levoglucosenone and 5-chloromethyl furfural from delignified biomass is determined to be 350 degrees C and 400 degrees C, respectively.
Article
Polymer Science
Isha Kohli, Srikanth Chakravartula Srivatsa, Oisik Das, Sheila Devasahayam, R. K. Singh Raman, Sankar Bhattacharya
Summary: The characterisation of pyrolysis of automotive shredder residue using different analytical techniques was reported in this article to investigate the possibility of converting the residue into value-added products. The results showed that the pyrolysis process consisted of one to two stages, with the first stage involving the degradation of functional stabilisers and the second stage involving the thermal degradation of the polymer char. The evolution of gases and functional groups, as well as the kinetic parameters for the pyrolysis reactions, were also determined.
Proceedings Paper
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shalini Kandasamy, Shanthi Priya Samudrala, Sankar Bhattacharya
PROCEEDINGS OF 2018 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREEN ENERGY AND APPLICATIONS (ICGEA)
(2018)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaojian Liu, Bei Wang, Yayun Ma, Xiangyang Zhou, Juan Yang, Yuehui He, Jingjing Tang, Fanyun Su, Wan Yang
Summary: This study proposes a combined process of reduction roasting of herb-medicine residue and oxalic acid leaching to improve the recovery efficiency of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries. By utilizing the reducing gas produced from the pyrolysis of herb-medicine residue, the layered structure of the cathode powder is destroyed and converted into Li2CO3, Ni, Co, and MnO. Additionally, selective extraction of lithium is achieved using oxalic acid, and the efficiency and kinetics of lithium extraction are improved under the combined action of herb-medicine residue and oxalic acid.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Muxina Konarova, Nuno Batalha, Gabriel Fraga, Mohamed H. M. Ahmed, Steven Pratt, Bronwyn Laycock
Summary: This study presents a proof of concept for a technology that integrates PET recovery from mixed plastic waste and plastic pyrolysis. By depolymerizing PET into TPA using a low volatility oil as medium, it achieves low-pressure operation and a selective separation and recovery of TPA from the product mix. Full PET conversion and high TPA recovery were achieved, making it an effective solution for processing mixed waste streams and improving the yield and quality of liquid product from thermal pyrolysis compared to untreated feedstock.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhenhua Sun, Jing Li, Xuejiang Wang, Siqing Xia, Jianfu Zhao
Summary: This study investigated the influence of in-situ formed MgFe2O4 on the hydrothermal treatment of swine manure. The results showed that the in-situ formation of MgFe2O4 improved the dehydration and decarboxylation of organic components in swine manure, thereby improving its carbonization degree. Furthermore, it enhanced the stabilization of heavy metals and the retention of phosphorus. MgFe2O4 modified hydrochars exhibited remarkable adsorption capacity for Pb(II) and Cu(II) without any leaching of heavy metals.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yijing Jiang, Boyang Leng, Jingxin Xi
Summary: The increased generation of municipal solid waste has had a significant impact on the economy, environment, and public health. The current waste treatment process has limitations. By developing a comprehensive social costing model, this study assesses the impacts of municipal solid waste management throughout its life cycle and provides policymakers with best practices and feasibility information.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Marina Hernandes de Paula e Silva, Ricardo Coser Mergulha, Jose Geraldo Vidal Vieira, Andrea Brasco Pampanelli, Rodrigo Salvador, Diogo Aparecido Lopes Silva
Summary: This study developed and implemented a self-assessment tool to assist companies in decision-making processes for establishing circular flows based on Lean Manufacturing and Circular Economy principles. The tool utilized a maturity model and was applied to nine companies of varying characteristics. The findings revealed that certain companies showed higher maturity in water-waste and chemical-emissions management, with larger enterprises focusing on these strategies. However, many companies lacked sufficient training and employee awareness prior to seeking cleaner alternatives, and comprehensive actions to manage the product lifecycle were lacking. To address these gaps, the tool provided tailored recommendations for each company to improve their processes, products, and value chain.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Gamze Dogdu, Turgay Pekdemir, Sanaz Lakestani, Seyda Karabork, Osman Cavus
Summary: This paper presents data on food waste associated with mini size food packaging services, highlighting the difficulties in emptying the food and consumer wastefulness as the main causes. These findings have significant implications for the sustainability of food and relevant packaging.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Qingxia Li, Xin Kong, Yuxin Chen, Jianan Niu, Jia Jing, Jin Yuan, Yifeng Zhang
Summary: This study investigates how to enhance methane production from food waste after hydrothermal pretreatment. The results demonstrate a significant increase in methane yield when zero-valent iron and magnetite are used together, and high organic loading is favorable for methane production. Microbial diversity analysis further reveals the dominant pathways and metabolic processes involved in methane generation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
D. H. H. Sim, I. A. W. Tan, L. L. P. Lim, E. T. Lau, B. H. Hameed
Summary: The development of controlled-release fertilizer formulation is important for preventing environmental pollution caused by nutrient leaching and volatilization. This study combined biochar-based fertilizer with encapsulation technology to improve the nutrient release mechanism. Optimal conditions for synthesizing urea-impregnated biochar (UIB) were determined using central composite design, and the release of nitrogen was described by mathematical models. Results showed that encapsulated UIB (EUIB) achieved complete release of nitrogen in water and exhibited improved water retention in sandy-textural soil. Therefore, EUIB derived from peppercorn waste has the potential to be used as a sustainable controlled-release fertilizer for agriculture.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuchuan Wang, Neslihan Akdeniz
Summary: Incorporating biochar into composting systems can increase compost temperatures. This study developed a heat transfer model for a biochar-amended co-composting system and found that biochar increased thermal conductive losses but also enhanced microbial activity, resulting in an overall increase in total heat unit. When biochar was applied on the surface, it mainly functioned as an insulator.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
George Tsalis, Birger Boutrup Jensen, Jessica Aschemann-Witzel
Summary: This paper empirically explores the relationship between retail price promotions and household food waste. The results show that households with a higher proportion of discount food purchases and environmental awareness tend to waste less food, while larger households and those lacking food handling skills tend to waste more food.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lukas Friederici, Arne Koch, Patrick Martens, Jana Pantzke, Sebastiano Di Bucchianico, Thorsten Streibel, Christopher P. Rueger, Ralf Zimmermann
Summary: The increasing demand for lightweight materials has led to a rise in fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) production. However, the properties and compositional range of FRPs pose challenges to recycling strategies. Pyrolysis has emerged as a promising method for separating the fibers from the polymer matrix. This study investigated the pyrolysis process using thermal analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry, and also assessed the toxicity of the recovered fibers using an in vitro model.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Devika Kannan, Shakiba Khademolqorani, Nassibeh Janatyan, Somaieh Alavi
Summary: This paper introduces Smart Waste Management (SWM) that applies Industry 4.0 technologies in waste management. A framework called SWM4.0 is developed, which highlights the importance of smart people, smart cities, smart enterprises, and smart factories in achieving successful waste management. The paper also suggests future research directions and managerial implications.