IL-36 suppresses proliferation of ovarian cancer cells

Interleukin-36 (IL-36), also formerly known as IL-1F6, is pertaining to IL-1 family members that has been shown to play an important pro-inflammatory role in chronic immune disorders. However, the role IL-36 in the setting of cancer remains unknown. Here, in our study, to investigate the clinical relevance of IL-36 in ovarian cancer, clinicopathological significance as well as expression level of IL-36 were analyzed in epithelial ovarian cancer clinical tissues and paired normal control. To explore the biological role of IL-36 in vitro in epithelial ovarian cancer cells, both overexpression and knockdown of IL-36 were performed. Based on the successful re-expression and silencing of IL-36, proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, wound-healing, and Transwell assays, respectively. To further confirm the effect over proliferation in vivo, nude mice xenografted with epithelial ovarian cancer cells whose endogenous IL-36 was stably upregulated or downregulated were employed. It was found that IL-36 was shown to be markedly downregulated in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues relative to paired normal control and that reduced IL-36 expression was significantly associated with poor overall prognosis. In addition, IL-36 was observed to be able to suppress the growth of epithelial ovarian cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, IL-36 was displayed to be able to suppress the growth of epithelial ovarian cancer cells in our setting, which is suggestive of its druggable potential in curing the epithelial ovarian cancer and that upregulation of IL-36 was found to be capable of inhibiting the growth of epithelial ovarian cancer cells.