Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Veronika Grimm, Daniel Nowak, Lars Schewe, Martin Schmidt, Alexandra Schwartz, Gregor Zoettl
Summary: While single-level Nash equilibrium problems are well understood, less is known about multi-leader multi-follower games. The paper focuses on a special class of two-level multi-leader multi-follower games for modeling strategic booking decisions in the European gas market. An algorithm is developed to compute the complete set of Nash equilibria, with finite solution set and examples of instances without Nash equilibria in pure strategies provided.
MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Michael Herty, Sonja Steffensen, Anna Thuenen
Summary: In this paper, we analyze the existence of Nash equilibria in a class of quadratic multi-leader-follower games using the nonsmooth best response function. To overcome the challenge of nonsmoothness, we propose a smoothing approach and reformulate the problem as a smooth Nash equilibrium problem. The existence and uniqueness of solutions are proven for all smoothing parameters. We show that accumulation points of Nash equilibria exist for a decreasing sequence of these smoothing parameters and demonstrate that they satisfy the conditions of S-stationarity and are Nash equilibria to the multi-leader-follower game. Additionally, we propose an update on the leader variables and numerically compare nonsmooth Newton and subgradient methods for efficient computation.
OPTIMIZATION METHODS & SOFTWARE
(2022)
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
Shuang Yang, Jianjun Wu, Huijun Sun, Yunchao Qu, David Z. W. Wang
Summary: This study proposes an integrated framework combining pricing and relocation strategies to help carsharing companies determine their optimal operational strategies. A game-theoretical multi-leader-follower model is used to maximize profit and minimize disutility.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART C-EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Lang Mao, YanLong Yang
Summary: This paper constructs a one-leader-follower game with fuzzy mapping (OLFFG) and investigates the existence of equilibrium points in OLFFG. The authors first introduce the definition of fuzzy equilibrium points and slightly altruistic fuzzy equilibrium points in OLFFG. They then prove the existence of fuzzy equilibrium points and slightly altruistic fuzzy equilibrium points in OLFFG using nonlinear analysis theory. Finally, it is proven that if the essential equilibrium point exists in OLFFG, it must be the slightly altruistic fuzzy equilibrium point.
FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zhilin Lu, Mingbo Liu, Wentian Lu, Shunjiang Lin
Summary: This paper studies the problem of generation companies participating in both the day-ahead and real-time balancing electricity markets within the carbon emission trading (CET) mechanism. A multi-leader multi-follower (MFML) Stackelberg game model is used to analyze the bidding strategy of generation companies and electricity market clearing results. The simulation results show that generation companies tend to submit bids with a higher price in the market under the global Nash equilibrium solution. Furthermore, the operation of the CET market makes low-emission units more competitive in the electricity market.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Mathematics
Lu-Ping Liu, Wen-Sheng Jia
Summary: This study proposes the immune particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm for solving the single-leader-multi-follower game (SLMFG), which cooperates with the PSO algorithm and an immune memory mechanism. Efficient Nash equilibrium is defined from the perspective of mathematical economics, maximizing social welfare and refining the number of Nash equilibria. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the IPSO algorithm has rapid convergence speed and high effectiveness.
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Zhenli Liu, Guoling Wang, Guanghui Yang
Summary: This research proposes a model of single-leader-multi-follower games with fuzzy goals involving fuzzy parameters and introduces its alpha-FNS equilibrium. The existence of alpha-FNS equilibrium is proved by Kakutani's fixed point theorem. An example is illustrated to demonstrate the reasonableness of the equilibrium existence result.
FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Li Li, Li Jiang
Summary: Consumers subjectively weigh the near future more heavily than the further future, which can lead to time-inconsistent purchase behavior. This study investigates the impact of this behavior on the pricing strategies of competing firms selling quality-differentiated products. The results show that firms should adopt pricing strategies and price trajectories that align with consumers' time inconsistency and the quality of their products.
PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
Sumit Agarwal, Ben Charoenwong, Shih-Fen Cheng, Jussi Keppo
Summary: The study finds that surge factors have an impact on the allocative efficiency of taxis, with cross-platform substitution limited to 0.26, but the introduction of surge price factor can improve demand prediction accuracy. Analysis based on a driver guidance system shows that accurate demand prediction can reduce drivers' vacant roaming times and increase the average number of trips per taxi.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART C-EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Sina Jahanshahi, Reza Kerachian, Omid Emamjomehzadeh
Summary: This paper presents a new leader-follower decision-making framework for the automatic assessment and comparison of different water resources management scenarios and selection of the best one. WEAP model is used to simulate different management scenarios and evaluate the response of water users. The results are evaluated by a novel sustainability index considering economic performance, water allocation efficiency, and social equity criteria.
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
Zhoutong Jiang, Yanfeng Ouyang
Summary: This paper studies the competition between two dock-based bikesharing companies in the market. By developing a game-theoretical model, the strategic and operational decisions are determined. The research finds that the proposed model can improve the decision-making process of competing companies and enhance market performance.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART C-EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ghasem Safari, Ashkan Hafezalkotob, Hiva Malekpour, Mohammad Khalilzadeh
Summary: This study formulates an agent-based hybrid flow shop problem using a multi-leader multi-follower mathematical model. The evaluation of each level is conducted using Nash equilibrium and Nash bargaining with a new co-evolutionary and genetic algorithm. The proposed model is validated in a real case problem in the tire manufacturing industry, and the results show that Nash equilibrium is superior to Nash bargaining for all agents.
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Radu Precup, Andrei Stan
Summary: In this paper, the operator approach based on Banach and Schaefer's fixed point principles is used to establish the existence of solutions to stationary Kirchhoff' equations with reaction terms. For a coupled system of Kirchhoff equations, it is proved that a unique solution exists as a Nash equilibrium with respect to the associated energy functionals. Both global and local Nash equilibriums are established using an iterative process based on Ekeland's variational principle.
Article
Operations Research & Management Science
Pedro Borges, Claudia Sagastizabal, Mikhail Solodov
Summary: This study focuses on agent-wise and scenario-wise decomposition algorithms for solving hierarchical decision problems, with the assumption of unique agent solutions and the use of regularization of solution mappings. By demonstrating numerical experiments and comparisons with traditional solution algorithms, it is proven that smooth approximations can converge to the original problem.
COMPUTATIONAL OPTIMIZATION AND APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Sowmya Karri, Meera M. Dhabu
Summary: Car parking has become expensive and time-consuming, leading to traffic congestion. A dynamic pricing strategy can distribute traffic and increase parking revenue, but driver's interests should be taken into account.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Xinwu Qian, Satish V. Ukkusuri, Chao Yang, Fenfan Yan
Summary: An enhanced Gaussian conditional random field (boosting-GCRF) model was developed to accurately predict the short-term future demand distribution of on-demand mobility services, with comprehensive numerical experiments showing superior performance compared to other benchmark algorithms.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shengfei Jin, Yao Wang, Xinwu Qian, Jizhi Zhou, Yongyou Nie, Guangren Qian
Summary: This study introduces the signaling game model to understand the impact of information asymmetry on the decision-making process during the construction of waste incineration facilities (WIF). The findings suggest that resolving NIMBY conflicts can be achieved by transitioning from the pooling equilibrium to the separation equilibrium. The successful case of the WIF in Songjiang district, Shanghai demonstrates that active pollution reduction, timely information disclosure, and public engagement contribute to the avoidance of NIMBY conflicts.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Hemant Gehlot, Shreyas Sundaram, Satish Ukkusuri
Summary: The passage discusses finding an optimal control policy for a system where components experience disruptions and their health values decrease over time. Depending on the conditions, the optimal control strategy can target the component with the largest state value or the component with the least state minus deterioration rate.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Qi Xin, Rui Fu, Satish V. Ukkusuri
Summary: This study proposes a safe and sub-optimal longitudinal control protocol for CAV platoon with uncertain vehicle dynamics and state constraints. By encoding state constraints and speed trajectory tracking stability condition into control constraints, the control stability and performance of the CAV platoon are improved.
JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Studies
Xiaowei Chen, Jiawei Xue, Zengxiang Lei, Xinwu Qian, Satish Ukkusuri
Summary: This study proposes a novel model for energy-efficient routing of electric vehicles, which obtains the minimal expected energy consumption paths for multiple origin-destination pairs simultaneously. The proposed algorithms outperform traditional shortest trip time and distance path algorithms in terms of energy savings.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Shagun Mittal, Takahiro Yabe, Fatima Arroyo Arroyo, Satish Ukkusuri
Summary: Accessibility is crucial for any transportation system, and low accessibility can lead to compromised living conditions, low economic growth, and social inequalities. This study uses novel data sets to assess accessibility and poverty-based inequalities in the Greater Maputo region in Mozambique, revealing disparities in driving, transit, and walking accessibility between poor and rich regions.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandro M. Reia, P. Suresh C. Rao, Marc Barthelemy, Satish V. Ukkusuri
Summary: A new study reveals that city growth in the U.S. is uneven and concentrated in core areas. Intra-city flows tend to move towards external and low-density counties, contributing to urban sprawl. The study also highlights the significant impact of domestic migration on population growth, surpassing natural demographic growth, and driving the heterogeneity in city growth patterns.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Transportation
Shagun Mittal, Takahiro Yabe, Indraneel Kumar, Satish Ukkusuri
Summary: This paper uses the NETS database to analyze the entry of establishments in the U.S.-400 region (mainly in Kansas) over a 20-year period. The study finds significant relationships between pre-existing and new-entrant businesses, indicating their importance in entry decisions. These findings are crucial for understanding freight vehicle flows and guiding corridor utilization, as well as informing policies on regional attraction and growth.
TRANSPORTMETRICA A-TRANSPORT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mengyao Zhang, Yao Wang, Xinwu Qian, Jun Zhao, Yongyou Nie, Guangren Qian
Summary: The collection of hazardous waste from small and micro enterprises (SMEs) is a bottleneck in hazardous waste risk management. Due to the high price of disposal, some SMEs illegally dump hazardous waste. The hazardous waste collection platform (HWCP) launched by the government can effectively reduce environmental risks by competing with disposal centers and absorbing potential demand from SMEs.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Eunhan Ka, Smita Sharma, Satish Ukkusuri
Summary: Lane management plays an important role in alleviating traffic congestion and improving road capacity. This study proposed an analytical framework to assess the impacts and economic effects of lane management on the entire road network. The case study of the Alex Fraser Bridge in Vancouver showed that the contraflow lane with movable median barriers significantly improved traffic flow and generated economic benefits.
JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PART A-SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Telecommunications
Washim Uddin Mondal, Praful D. Mankar, Goutam Das, Vaneet Aggarwal, Satish V. Ukkusuri
Summary: This article proposes a Convolutional Neural Network based Auto Encoder (CNN-AE) to predict the location dependent rate and coverage probability of a network. The CNN is trained using BS location data from India, Brazil, Germany, and the USA, and its performance is compared with stochastic geometry (SG) based analytical models. The comparison shows that CNN-AE improves the coverage and rate prediction errors by a margin of up to 40% and 25% respectively compared to the best-fitted SG-based model. Additionally, the article proposes a low complexity, provably convergent algorithm that utilizes the trained CNN-AE to compute the locations of new BSs needed to be deployed in a network in order to meet predefined spatially heterogeneous performance goals.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COGNITIVE COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Shuocheng Guo, Hanlin Chen, Mizanur Rahman, Xinwu Qian
Summary: This study focuses on the Delayed Charge Attack (DCA), which can stealthily delay the charging service of shared electric vehicles (SEV) in the electric shared mobility system (ESMS). The DCA exploits physical and communication vulnerabilities, bypassing detection and causing long-term impacts. Through simulation and real-world data, it is shown that a 10-minute delay results in longer queuing times, more unfulfilled requests, and significant revenue losses for drivers.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Rajat Verma, Satish V. Ukkusuri
Summary: This study introduces a composite measure of walkability and walking, called 'pednet score', which overcomes the limitations of existing walkability measures. By studying three hypothetical variants of pedestrian networks in three North American cities, the study shows that selecting candidate sidewalk and/or crosswalk segments based on the pednet score can significantly increase walking trips and reduce pedestrian trip distances. The results from marginal benefit curves strongly indicate the usefulness of the pednet score as a measure of link criticality in pedestrian network design.
NPJ URBAN SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Rajat Verma, Satish V. Ukkusuri
Summary: This study employed deep learning to detect crosswalks using satellite imagery data and proposed an algorithm to assign the detected crosswalks. The effectiveness of this technique was demonstrated in Washington, D.C. and Los Angeles, CA, and the influence of increasing distance threshold on classification performance was explored.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD
(2023)
Article
Economics
Zengxiang Lei, Satish V. Ukkusuri
Summary: This study proposes a reinforcement learning-based approach for the dynamic pricing problem in ride-hailing systems. By translating the problem into a Markov Decision Process, the existence of a deterministic stationary optimal policy is proven. Using the offline learning algorithm TD3, the optimal pricing policy is learned from historical data and applied to the next time slot. Extensive numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in finding the optimal pricing policy and improving platform profit and service efficiency in both small and large networks.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART B-METHODOLOGICAL
(2023)
Article
Economics
Songyot Kitthamkesorn, Anthony Chen, Seungkyu Ryu, Sathaporn Opasanon
Summary: The study introduces a new mathematical model to determine the optimal location of park-and-ride facilities, addressing the limitations of traditional models and considering factors such as route similarity and user heterogeneity.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART B-METHODOLOGICAL
(2024)
