An unjustified benefit: immortal time bias in the analysis of time-dependent events

Re-analysis of survival data of cancer patients utilizing additive homeopathy

(2016) Andreas Gleiss et al.   COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES IN MEDICINE

Dynamic prediction of recurrent events data by landmarking with application to a follow-up study of patients after kidney transplant

(2016) JZ Musoro et al.   STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH

Subclinical Rejection Phenotypes at 1 Year Post-Transplant and Outcome of Kidney Allografts

(2015) A. Loupy et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY

Survival probabilities with time-dependent treatment indicator: quantities and non-parametric estimators

(2015) Davide Paolo Bernasconi et al.   STATISTICS IN MEDICINE

Skin cancer as a marker of sun exposure: a case of serious immortality bias

(2014) T. Lange et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

Impact of immortal person-time and time scale in comparative effectiveness research for medical devices: a case for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators

(2013) Xiaojuan Mi et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

Immortal Time Bias: A Frequently Unrecognized Threat to Validity in the Evaluation of Postoperative Radiotherapy

(2012) Henry S. Park et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS

Time-dependent study entries and exposures in cohort studies can easily be sources of different and avoidable types of bias

(2012) Martin Wolkewitz et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

Immortal Time Bias in Cohort Studies of Kidney Transplant Recipients

(2009) S. J. Kim   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION

Immortal Person-Time in Studies of Cancer Outcomes

(2009) Timothy L. Lash et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY

An easy mathematical proof showed that time-dependent bias inevitably leads to biased effect estimation

(2008) Jan Beyersmann et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY