Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
E. R. Zacca, M. C. Amezcua Vesely, P. Ferrero, C. D. Acosta, N. E. Ponce, S. N. Bossio, E. Mussano, L. Onetti, I Cadile, E. Acosta Rodriguez, C. L. Montes, A. Gruppi
Summary: The study revealed that in untreated RA patients, B cell-mediated regulatory function through CD39 was maintained, while well-responding patients showed increased CD39 expression on B cells after treatment. The changes in CD39 expression were associated with disease activity and treatment response.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eleonora Timperi, Vincenzo Barnaba
Summary: CD39, along with CD73, plays a crucial role in converting adenosine triphosphate into an immunosuppressive form of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment. Environmental and genetic factors shape the expression of CD39, which has significant functions in regulating T cell activities. Studies from preclinical models to clinical trials have contributed essential insights into novel combinatorial approaches for cancer treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jonathon J. Graham, Sujit Mukherjee, Muhammad Yuksel, Rebeca Sanabria Mateos, Tengfei Si, Zhenlin Huang, Xiahong Huang, Hadil Abu Arqoub, Vishal Patel, Mark McPhail, Yoh Zen, Nigel Heaton, Maria Serena Longhi, Michael A. Heneghan, Rodrigo Liberal, Diego Vergani, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani, Yun Ma, Bu'Hussain Hayee
Summary: The study found that the gut homing hypothesis is not the primary driver of PSC, and aberrant recruitment of gut-derived T cells to the liver is also seen in other chronic liver diseases. This finding provides a new understanding of the pathogenesis of PSC and CLD.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Priyanka Velankanni, Seok-Ho Go, Jong Beom Jin, Jin-Soo Park, Sunhee Park, Su-Bin Lee, Ho-Keun Kwon, Cheol-Ho Pan, Kwang Hyun Cha, Choong-Gu Lee
Summary: Chlorella vulgaris is a unicellular green algae consumed worldwide as a functional food. This study validated its immune regulatory role through the expansion of regulatory T cell population and modulation of gut microbiota composition. The intervention of C. vulgaris alleviated the symptoms of colitis in mice and increased Treg levels, suggesting its potential in managing inflammatory bowel disease.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mengze Lyu, Hiroaki Suzuki, Lan Kang, Fabrina Gaspal, Wenqing Zhou, Jeremy Goc, Lei Zhou, Jordan Zhou, Wen Zhang, Zeli Shen, James G. Fox, Robbyn E. Sockolow, Terri M. Laufer, Yong Fan, Gerard Eberl, David R. Withers, Gregory F. Sonnenberg
Summary: This study reveals a critical pathway that controls the fate of inflammatory or tolerogenic T cell responses to microbial colonization of the mammalian intestine. By profiling all ROR gamma t(+) immune cells at single-cell resolution, the researchers found a dominant presence of T regulatory cells and ILC3s in the intestine-draining lymph nodes of mice. These ILC3s promote the formation of microbiota-specific ROR gamma t(+) T-reg cells and prevent their expansion as inflammatory T helper 17 cells through antigen presentation, alpha V integrin, and competition for interleukin-2. Single-cell analyses also suggest impaired interactions between ILC3s and ROR gamma t(+) T-reg cells in inflammatory bowel disease.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alexis Yero, Tao Shi, Omar Farnos, Jean-Pierre Routy, Cecile Tremblay, Madeleine Durand, Christos Tsoukas, Cecilia T. Costiniuk, Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
Summary: Early ART initiation was found unable to control the levels of immunosuppressive Treg subsets and their gut migration potential, potentially leading to gut tissue fibrosis and HIV disease progression.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jeffrey R. Atkinson, Andrew D. Jerome, Andrew R. Sas, Ashley Munie, Cankun Wang, Anjun Ma, William D. Arnold, Benjamin M. Segal
Summary: Biological aging is strongly associated with the clinical phenotype of multiple sclerosis. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced in middle-aged mice showed more severe symptoms and less remission compared to young adult mice. The neuroinflammatory response in middle-aged mice exhibited characteristics similar to progressive MS, including widespread microglial activation. Drugs that target microglial activation and aging-associated properties may be beneficial for treating progressive forms of inflammatory demyelinating diseases.
Review
Immunology
Juli Choi, Bo-Ram Kim, Begum Akuzum, Leechung Chang, June-Yong Lee, Ho-Keun Kwon
Summary: The human gastrointestinal tract has a diverse microbiota that is important for immune system development and tissue homeostasis. Dysbiosis of the microbiota is associated with various diseases. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in maintaining immunological homeostasis and tolerance in barrier regions. The gut microbiota influences the development, accumulation, and function of Tregs. Recent studies have found that Tregs interact with resident cells in the central nervous system (CNS) to limit the progression of neurological disorders. The gut-brain axis is functionally connected and Tregs play a role in this interaction.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anna-Maria Globig, Lena Sophie Mayer, Maximilian Heeg, Geoffroy Andrieux, Manching Ku, Patricia Otto-Mora, Anna Veronika Hipp, Katharina Zoldan, Ajinkya Pattekar, Nisha Rana, Christoph Schell, Melanie Boerries, Maike Hofmann, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin, Armin Kuellmer, Arthur Schmidt, Tobias Boettler, Vesselin Tomov, Robert Thimme, Peter Hasselblatt, Bertram Bengsch
Summary: This study identified the role of exhaustion of peripheral CD39-expressing CD8 T cell subsets in Crohn's disease. The low frequency of these subsets highlighted the usefulness of single-cell cytometry methods for identifying relevant immune populations. The exhaustion status of these subsets was linked to the clinical activity, and their specific gene signatures have implications for exhaustion-based personalized medicine approaches.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seita Chudan, Riko Ishibashi, Miyu Nishikawa, Yoshiaki Tabuchi, Yoshinori Nagai, Shinichi Ikushiro, Yukihiro Furusawa
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of wheat-derived arabinoxylan on gut microbiota, colonic regulatory T cells (Tregs), and inflammatory bowel disease through feeding mice with arabinoxylan for 2-6 weeks. The results showed that arabinoxylan enriched butyrate-producing and Treg-inducing bacteria in the gut microbiota and increased the fecal butyrate concentration and colonic Treg population. Moreover, arabinoxylan alleviated body weight loss and colonic tissue inflammation in a chronic colitis model, potentially mediated by Treg induction and suppression of TNFa production from type 1 helper T cells. These findings suggest that wheat-derived arabinoxylan could be a promising prebiotic for preventing colitis.
Article
Immunology
Cen Chen, Xinying Li, Chuling Li, Jiajia Jin, Donghui Wang, Yuan Zhao, Yanli Gu, Meizi Chen, Suhua Zhu, Hongbing Liu, Tangfeng Lv, Fang Zhang, Yong Song
Summary: The study demonstrated that CD39(+) Tregs have a protective effect on acute lung injury and adoptive transfer of these cells may provide a novel method for clinical prevention and treatment of ARDS. The expression of CD39 in Tregs is regulated by autophagy and ERK1/2-FOS pathway, and the frequency of CD39(+) Tregs is decreased in ARDS patients and positively correlated with disease severity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Magdalena Piotrowska, Mateusz Gliwinski, Piotr Trzonkowski, Dorota Iwaszkiewicz-Grzes
Summary: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in the immune system by exerting suppressive functions, and disturbances in their function can lead to autoimmune dysregulation. Apart from Foxp3, other genes are involved in Tregs development and function. Epigenetic changes, specifically DNA methylation, are believed to be crucial in determining Tregs function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Guangli Gu, Xiaodan Lv, Gengfeng Liu, Ruizhi Zeng, Shiquan Li, Lan Chen, Zhaoliang Liang, Huiqin Wang, Fei Lu, Lingling Zhan, Xiaoping Lv
Summary: The study found that Tnfaip6 secreted by BM-MSCs can alleviate IBD by inhibiting Tfh differentiation, promoting Tfr differentiation, and improving the imbalance of Tfh/Tfr in mice.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Francine Jotereau, Joudy Alameddine, Raluca Teusan, Annabelle Pedron, Nicolas Jouand, Frederic Altare, Emmanuelle Godefroy
Summary: In this study, a unique subset of Tregs called DP8 alpha Tregs was identified in humans. These Tregs secrete IL-10, co-express CD4 and CD8 alpha, and react against the symbiotic bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. They exhibit a mixed Tr1-like/cytotoxic CD4(+) T cell-profile and share master genes with mouse gut microbiota-induced Tregs. DP8 alpha Tregs possess potent cytotoxic, chemotactic, and IgA-promoting abilities. The discovery of their complete signature and novel functional properties provides important insights into their physiological roles and clinical applications in inflammatory bowel diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natasa Kustrimovic, Daniela Gallo, Eliana Piantanida, Luigi Bartalena, Adriana Lai, Nicola Zerbinati, Maria Laura Tanda, Lorenzo Mortara
Summary: Maintaining the delicate balance between immune response and tolerance is crucial for health. T regulatory cells play a pivotal role in preserving self-tolerance and suppressing inflammation. In Graves' disease, these cells are likely impaired or reduced in frequency. Understanding the role of Tregs in Graves' disease is important for developing new treatment strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Javier Ochoa-Reparaz, Lloyd H. Kasper
Review
Immunology
Javier Ochoa-Reparaz, Christina C. Ramelow, Lloyd H. Kasper
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Ashutosh K. Mangalam, Javier Ochoa-Reparaz
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Trevor O. Kirby, Javier Ochoa-Reparaz, Jean-Baptiste Roullet, K. Michael Gibsona
Summary: Inborn errors of metabolism are monogenic disorders caused by specific enzyme deficiencies, and can be effectively treated by dietary restrictions or interventions. While predominantly monogenic, their phenotypic presentation is complex and impacts multiple physiological systems. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiome may exacerbate the clinical phenotype of IEMs, making it a potential pathomechanistic consideration for future research.
MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Javier Ochoa-Reparaz, Eduard Sebastia, Marta Sitja, Ibai Tamayo, Juan Manuel Irache, Carlos Gamazo
Summary: Researchers have developed a new method for a salmonellosis vaccine, with HE nanoparticles effectively reducing Salmonella excretion in hens. This approach shows potential for use in salmonellosis prevention and control on farms.
Review
Immunology
Deniz Erturk-Hasdemir, Javier Ochoa-Reparaz, Dennis L. Kasper, Lloyd H. Kasper
Summary: The symbiotic relationship between animals and their resident microorganisms has significant effects on host immunity, with specific antigens from bacteria showing immunomodulatory effects. In experimental disease models like EAE and MS, the PSA from B. fragilis demonstrates beneficial outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lacey B. Sell, Christina C. Ramelow, Hannah M. Kohl, Kristina Hoffman, Jasleen K. Bains, William J. Doyle, Kevin D. Strawn, Theresa Hevrin, Trevor O. Kirby, K. Michael Gibson, Jean-Baptiste Roullet, Javier Ochoa-Reparaz
Summary: Farnesol treatment delays disease onset and reduces severity in EAE, potentially through modulation of gut microbiota composition.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Abbas Yadegar, Ali Nabavi-Rad, Javier Ochoa-Reparaz, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Yan-Dong Wang
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kristina Hoffman, Zackariah Brownell, William J. Doyle, Javier Ochoa-Reparaz
Summary: The gut-associated lymphoid tissue is a significant location for immune responses and gut microbes play a crucial role in regulating inflammation and immune pathways. Recent clinical findings show that the gut microbiota is altered in disease states. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which gut microbes promote immunomodulation and proposes therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiota for controlling neuroinflammation.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hannah M. Kohl, Andrea R. Castillo, Javier Ochoa-Reparaz
Editorial Material
Immunology
Jennifer Joscelyn, Javier Ochoa-Reparaz, Lloyd Kasper
CLINICAL NEUROIMMUNOLOGY: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS, 2ND EDITION
(2020)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sara L. Colpitts, Eli J. Kasper, Abigail Keever, Caleb Liljenberg, Trevor Kirby, Krisztian Magori, Lloyd H. Kasper, Javier Ochoa-Reparaz
Article
Clinical Neurology
Javier Ochoa-Reparaz, Sara L. Colpitts, Christopher Kircher, Eli J. Kasper, Kiel M. Telesford, Sakhina Begum-Haque, Anudeep Pant, Lloyd H. Kasper
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2016)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Javier Ochoa-Reparaz, Lloyd H. Kasper
CURRENT OBESITY REPORTS
(2016)