Simultaneous structural identification of diacylglyceryl-N-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) and diacylglycerylhydroxymethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-β-alanine (DGTA) in microalgae using dual Li+/H+ adduction mode by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

RATIONALE: Diacylgycerol-N-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) and diacylglycerylhydroxymethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-beta-alanine (DGTA) are structural isomers that are the most commonly described betaine lipids in microalgae. The structural differentiation and precise identification of DGTS and DGTA in microalgae need to be established during mass spectrometry analysis. METHODS: Total lipid was extracted from Amphora spp. with CHCl3/CH3OH(1:1, v/v). The qualitative analysis of DGTS and DGTA in Amphora spp. was carried out using Li+/H+ dual mode by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry operating in MSE mode (UPLC/QTOF MSE). RESULTS: Characteristic fragment ions [C10H22O5N](+) at m/z 236.15 and [C7H14O2N](+) at m/z 144.10 from the [M + H](+) precursor ion can be used for the qualitative analysis of both DGTA and DGTS, whereas the loss of m/z 87 and 74 from the [M + Li](+) precursor ion are specific for DGTS, and the loss of m/z 103 from the [M + Li](+) precursor ion is only for DGTA. As a result, 9 DGTSs and 16 DGTAs with different fatty acids were identified simultaneously in Amphora spp. Semi-quantitative analysis of DGTS and DGTA in Amphora spp. showed that the contents of DGTS ranged from 0.003 to 0.438 nmol mg(-1) dw, and that of DGTA from 0.004 to 0.414 nmol mg(-1) dw. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report to achieve the ambiguous structural identification of DGTS and DGTA by UPLC/QTOF MSE using dual Li+/H+ adduct ion mode, which has remained a challenge in the past. It could provide new insights into their phylogeny and be helpful to characterize the natural phytoplankton communities as intact polar lipid biomarkers. Copyright (c) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.