Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Chaitanya Joshi, Jesus Rios Aliaga, David Rios Insua
Summary: Insider threats pose significant security challenges for many organizations. Traditional game theoretic models have not taken into account important factors such as organizational culture and attacker detection. Our new models, incorporating these factors and defensive mechanisms, are more realistic and robust, utilizing adversarial risk analysis to find solutions. These models can be applied to various insider threat scenarios, as illustrated by a data security example.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Kyle Hunt, Puneet Agarwal, Jun Zhuang
Summary: Airport security agencies worldwide must adopt new airport screening technologies to expose and deter threats from evolving terrorists. Public disclosure of defensive technology adoption is preferred over secrecy according to the proposed attacker-defender game model.
RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jaime Cascante-Vega, Samuel Torres-Florez, Juan Cordovez, Mauricio Santos-Vega
Summary: This study proposes a theoretical framework that combines transmission dynamics with behavioral dynamics, and through modeling and experimental results, it is found that individual infection awareness and behavioral adaptability have important effects on disease transmission.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chenhui Song, Jun Xiao, Guoqiang Zu, Ziyuan Hao, Xinsong Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes the security region of natural gas pipeline network system (NGS-SR) and introduces an observation-based method to solve the security boundary of NGS-SR, as well as security assessment and preventive control methods based on NGS-SR. The results show that NGS-SR can describe the secure operating range of the system in a geometric and visualized way, facilitate online security analysis, and provide security margin information for system operation.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Song Deng, Jiantang Zhang, Di Wu, Yi He, Xiangpeng Xie, Xindong Wu
Summary: An accurate and comprehensive risk assessment is crucial for the smooth operation and security implications of a distribution cyber-physical system (DCPS). However, existing methods have limitations in considering the complex network topology and dependencies among devices, as well as quantifying the impact of cyberattacks on physical systems. To address this gap, we propose a unified risk assessment model based on Bayesian analysis, which calculates the prior probability, posterior probability, and minimum load-loss ratio using cumulative densities, epidemic models, and optimal load shedding. Our experiments on an IEEE 39-bus system support the effectiveness of our model and reveal a positive correlation between the vulnerability of DCPS and the three components in our Bayesian modeling.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Qin Li, Hongkai Chen, Yuhan Li, Minyu Feng, Juergen Kurths
Summary: With the outbreak of COVID-19, the study of epidemic spreading has become significant. By constructing a network based on the epidemic model and network coupling, we can analyze the spread of infectious diseases among different areas. The increase in population mobility and disease infectiousness leads to a higher peak infected population.
Article
Management
Jonathan Welburn, Justin Grana, Karen Schwindt
Summary: Motivated by the inherent asymmetric information in cyberwarfare, this study examines a game of deterrence between an attacker and a defender. The defender can signal its retaliatory capability but can only imperfectly attribute an attack. The research shows that there are equilibria in which the defender sends noisy signals to increase its expected payoff. In some equilibria, the defender can use signaling to deter the attacker and increase its payoff. In a different and somewhat counter-intuitive equilibrium, the defender can increase its expected payoff through signaling by luring the attacker to attack more.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Management
Nicole Adler, Amir Brudner, Stef Proost
Summary: Transport markets are complex systems that can be effectively analyzed through game theory, with models reflecting a variety of academic disciplines. Different types of models, such as those in economics and operations research journals, offer unique insights and assumptions for understanding transportation markets.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Xiangming Zhou, Laila Almutairi, Theyab R. Alsenani, Mohammad Nazir Ahmad
Summary: This paper presents an anti-honeypot-enabled attack detection system for industrial cyber-physical systems (ICPS) using the Stakerlberg dynamic game theory and Reinforcement learning models. The system captures the interactions between defenders and attackers, and efficiently detects malicious activities in ICPS, resulting in improved detection rate, time, and accuracy compared to existing approaches.
JOURNAL OF GRID COMPUTING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Weikun Liang, Shunjiang Lin, Mingbo Liu, Xuan Sheng, Yue Pan, Yun Liu
Summary: In this study, a dynamic model for analyzing the failure propagation in a regional integrated energy system (RIES) is proposed. A risk assessment model for cascading failures is established, and a method for calculating the probability of cascading failure chain (CFC) based on Bayes theorem is proposed. Furthermore, a distributionally robust optimization model is developed to calculate the severity of CFC considering the uncertainty and time correlation of renewable power.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
He Wen, Faisal Khan, Salim Ahmed, Syed Imtiaz, Stratos Pistikopoulos
Summary: Human-automation conflict is a frontier subject that needs to be vigilant against, especially under cyberattacks. This study transforms common attacks into understandable representations and explores the conflict under five generalized attacks using game theory. The results show that cyberattacks can significantly cause conflicts, and the control actions can buffer the impact of attacks within a limited range. The conflict risk can be used to distinguish faults and attacks, and appropriate measures can be taken accordingly.
COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Kyle Hunt, Puneet Agarwal, Jun Zhuang
Summary: This article discusses the challenges faced by counterterrorism agencies in adopting new technologies to combat terrorism and analyzes the impact of the risk attitudes of defenders and attackers on the game process.
RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Wenjun Ma, Weiru Liu, Kevin McAreavey, Xudong Luo, Yuncheng Jiang, Jieyu Zhan, Zhenzhou Chen
Summary: There has been a growing interest in using Stackelberg game to allocate limited security resources against different attacker types with specific probability distributions. This paper proposes a novel framework based on decision theory and the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence to handle ambiguity in real-world problems. The framework is evaluated using different transformation rules against randomly generated games, showing the benefits of each rule in modeling individuals' different attitudes towards ambiguity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Ahmed H. Anwar, George Atia, Mina Guirguis
Summary: This paper develops a game-theoretic framework to address the VM migration timing problem in the cloud to reduce the risk of attacks. It analyzes the decision-making process of the cloud provider and the adversary, as well as the impact of the data leakage model and costs. The theoretical findings are supported with numerical results in various settings and a proof-of-concept implementation in a realistic cloud environment.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CLOUD COMPUTING
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Nana Zhang, Wei Xiujian, Zhang Zhongqiu
Summary: With the development of e-commerce, credit risk has become an important issue. Analyzing credit risk from different sellers' perspectives using game theory, this paper provides suggestions. The government plays a crucial role in reducing e-commerce credit risk.
INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mariasole Cipolletta, Marco D'Ambrosio, Valeria Casson Moreno, Valerio Cozzani
Summary: This study proposes an inherent safety methodology for assessing the safety performance of biodiesel production processes and selecting the safest and most sustainable design option. Comparative assessment of major biodiesel production technologies enhances the understanding of safety-critical aspects of novel processes.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sina Khakzad, Ming Yang, Ali Lohi, Nima Khakzad
Summary: Oil and gas pipelines are crucial for the safe and efficient delivery of energy resources. Corrosion caused by water and acidic gases in the extracted oil can lead to pipeline failure. This study developed a Bayesian network to predict the corrosion rate distribution in oil pipelines using an empirical corrosion simulation model. The predicted corrosion rate distribution was then converted into a failure probability distribution using corrosion depth-rate relationships.
PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dina Guglielmi, Alessio Paolucci, Valerio Cozzani, Marco Giovanni Mariani, Luca Pietrantoni, Federico Fraboni
Summary: Human reliability analysis is a major concern for organizations, but existing methods often neglect the impact of human factors. This study introduces a new evaluation method that treats human factors as safety barriers against errors. A test case demonstrates the significant role of human factors in reducing error probability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Amirali Rezazadeh, Kaj Thomsen, Hariklia N. Gavala, Ioannis V. Skiadas, Philip L. Fosbol
Summary: The Extended UNIQUAC electrolyte activity coefficient model accurately predicts the thermodynamics of the aqueous terephthalic acid, disodium terephthalate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, ethylene glycol system. It can be used for simulation and process design of sustainable PET plastic recycling.
FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Xiaoxue Guo, Long Ding, Jie Ji, Valerio Cozzani
Summary: The allocation strategy of safety measures in the domino effect is often subjective and uncertain. This study proposes a cost-effective risk reduction optimization model that relates risk to economic cost through mathematical functions, enabling objective allocation of safety investment.
RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Nima Khakzad
Summary: Compared to safety assessment, security risk assessment in chemical and process plants is more challenging due to uncertain parameters such as attack scenarios and attackers' expected outcomes. Applying probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) techniques to security risk management may not yield optimal decisions. Combining PRA with game theory can result in a more cost-effective allocation of security measures.
PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Francesco Zanobetti, Gianmaria Pio, Sepideh Jafarzadeh, Miguel Munoz Ortiz, Valerio Cozzani
Summary: The urgent need to reduce harmful pollutants in maritime transport led to the development of alternative propulsion systems based on clean fuels or carbon-neutral energy vectors. However, these alternative solutions present safety concerns. An innovative methodology was developed to assess the inherent safety performance of alternative systems during early design stages. A case study of long-distance maritime transportation was conducted comparing the inherent safety performances of LNG, LH2, and LNH3 systems to the benchmark MGO. Uncertainty and robustness of the safety ranking were tested using a Monte Carlo analysis, revealing similar safety performances for LNG technologies, limitations in LH2 safety due to immature storage technologies, and safety issues related to the toxicity of LNH3.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Federica Ricci, Valeria Casson Moreno, Valerio Cozzani
Summary: Natech accidents are becoming more important due to their increasing occurrence and severe consequences, which are intensified by climate change and global warming. This study focuses on Natech accidents triggered by heat waves and analyzes past accidents to identify key factors and lessons learned for preventing and mitigating future incidents.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Nima Khakzad, Chao Chen, Genserik Reniers, Paul Amyotte
Summary: Effective firefighting and evacuation are crucial for protecting lives and assets in process plants during major fires. With limited firefighting resources, firefighters need to allocate them optimally to prioritize the safety of evacuees and reduce the risk of domino effects. Multi-objective optimization approaches are found to be more effective in meeting multiple safety goals simultaneously.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Francesco Zanobetti, Sergey Martynov, Valerio Cozzani, Haroun Mahgerefteh
Summary: A methodology based on multi-objective optimization is proposed to support the preliminary design of CO2 transport pipelines for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) systems. The proposed method considers economic and environmental aspects and determines Pareto optimal design solutions using Level Diagrams and Nominal Pipe Size as a decision variable. The results show that the multi-objective method outperforms single-objective indicators and effectively considers environmental sustainability constraints, contributing to 46% of the overall performance measure.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Nima Khakzad
Summary: In this study, a methodology was developed to accurately estimate thermal dose values and identify optimal evacuation strategies using the Dijkstra's algorithm and mathematical programming. The developed methodology outperformed ad hoc evacuation plans and allowed for updates according to fire scenarios.
RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Nima Khakzad
Summary: In the event of a fire in tank terminals, it is ideal to simultaneously suppress all burning tanks and cool all exposed tanks to confine and prevent the fire from spreading. Limited firefighting resources at most tank terminals make it challenging to implement this ideal strategy, especially when there is a domino effect from one burning tank to adjacent ones. To address this, a methodology based on goal programming is developed to identify optimal firefighting strategies considering both onsite and offsite risks of domino effects. The resulting strategies are demonstrated to be more effective and consistent than those determined using single-objective optimization techniques or general guidelines.
RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Alessio Misuri, Federica Ricci, Riccardo Sorichetti, Valerio Cozzani
Summary: The study proposes a novel methodology for the quantitative risk assessment of Natech scenarios caused by natural hazards, considering the depletion of safety barrier performance. A multi-level approach is used to assess the performance modification of safety systems, and an innovative procedure is proposed for the quantitative assessment of these scenarios, accounting for depleted barrier performance. A case study demonstrates a significant increase in risk compared to baseline performance, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive assessment for Natech events.
RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Alessandro Dal Pozzo, Sarah Capecci, Valerio Cozzani
Summary: Acid gas removal is a major cost driver in waste-to-energy (WtE) plants and complying with lower emission limit values is crucial. The options of intensification, retrofitting, or revamping must be evaluated to find the most cost-effective solution. The study found that retrofitting with furnace sorbent injection is competitive, while revamping to wet scrubbing is only cost-effective when flue gas temperature constraints are absent.
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Md. Tanjin Amin, Giordano Emrys Scarponi, Valerio Cozzani, Faisal Khan
Summary: This article examines the effectiveness and accuracy of threshold-based and probit-based methods in assessing domino effects. The results indicate that threshold-based methods are not suitable for quantitative assessment, and there are limitations in probit-based methods for time-dependent domino effect assessment. By utilizing site-specific structural response data and data analytics, a new improved time to failure prediction model is proposed, which demonstrates better performance compared to existing models.
RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xingxing Hu, Lingjie Liu, Yanmeng Bi, Lu Li, Chunsheng Qiu, Jingjie Yu, Shaopo Wang
Summary: In this study, the impact of exogenous folate on the start-up process of single-stage partial nitritation-anammox (SPNA) was evaluated using two lab-scale reactors. The results showed that folate addition can enhance nitrogen removal rate, extracellular polymeric substances production, hydrazine oxidase and dehydrogenase activity, as well as the relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shaocang He, Tingting Shen, Jing Sun, Haoqi Pan, Chenxu Sun, Tianpeng Li, Runyao Li, Enshan Zhang
Summary: A novel process of acid leaching neutralization was developed for the preparation of inorganic polymeric composite ferric aluminum silicate coagulant (CFAS) using solid waste coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS). The optimized preparation process was determined through single-factor experiment and the performance of CFAS was evaluated for domestic sewage treatment. The results showed that CFAS exhibited excellent coagulation ability and achieved significant removal efficiency for turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kinga Szatmari, Sandor Nemeth, Alex Kummer
Summary: In this article, a resilience-based reinforcement learning approach is proposed to address the potential thermal runaway issue in batch reactors. By calculating the resilience metric for reactors and utilizing Deep Q-learning to decide when to intervene in the system, resilient-based mitigation systems can be effectively developed.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bingyou Jiang, Qi Yao, Mingqing Su, Jingjing Li, Kunlun Lu, Dawei Ding, Han Hong
Summary: This study investigates the inhibitory characteristics and mechanisms of ABC powder on coal powder explosion. The addition of ABC powder significantly decreases the maximum explosion pressure and can completely suppress coal dust explosions. The study also reveals the thermal decomposition characteristics and reaction kinetics of the mixed system.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kubilay Bayramoglu, Mustafa Nuran
Summary: This study examines the feasibility of using pyrolytic oil from waste tires as fuel in diesel engines, and evaluates its energy, exergy, and sustainability. The results indicate that pyrolytic oil has potential as a renewable fuel source with relatively high thermal efficiency.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xinru Duan, Yejia Lv, Jiaxing Hong, Jianzhong Wu, Jia Zhang, Yang Yue, Guangren Qian
Summary: This study successfully prepared a tube reactor with optimized catalyst formula, which showed good performance in removing dioxins and other pollutants in the experiments.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiaoyang Du, Xueming Dang, Xiaorong Gan, Xin Cui, Huimin Zhao
Summary: In this study, a photocatalyst-enzyme hybrid system was constructed, which solved the issue of enzyme inactivation caused by high concentration of H2O2 through photocatalytic in-situ H2O2 production, and improved the stability and catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. The effectiveness of the system in treating phenolic EDCs was confirmed through experiments.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fu-Rong Xiu, Longsheng Zhan, Yingying Qi, Xinyue Lei, Jiali Wang, Haipeng Zhou, Wenting Shao
Summary: This study developed a synergetic and high-efficiency treatment of waste tantalum capacitors (WTCs) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) using subcritical water process. The treatment significantly reduced the temperature and reaction time for metal tantalum recovery from WTCs, and improved the dechlorination efficiency of PVC. The optimized conditions resulted in 100% resin conversion efficiency of WTCs and 97.39% dechlorination efficiency of PVC. The interaction between decomposition products of WTCs and PVC produced a high level of benzoic acid.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bingda Li, Jiaming Song, Yuting Li, Chaoying Meng, Shuxian Wang, Linghao Zong, Honggang Ye, Yishuai Jing, Feng Teng, Peng Hu, Haibo Fan, Guangde Chen, Xin Zhao
Summary: CdPS3 nanosheets, especially those exfoliated by sodium cholate, have shown highly efficient photocatalytic degradation performance. The strong dark adsorption and dye-sensitized photocatalytic properties of CdPS3 nanosheets contribute to high degradation efficiencies of various pollutants.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dongxu Ouyang, Yimei Pang, Bo Liu, Zhirong Wang
Summary: This study investigates the thermal runaway features of lithium-ion cells under tunnel conditions, considering different states of charge and tunnel ceilings. The results show that the tunnel visibility is affected by the smoke generated during thermal runaway, and the shape of the tunnel ceiling influences the temperature rise differently.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
