Article
Clinical Neurology
Monja Hoven, Nina S. de Boer, Anna E. Goudriaan, Damiaan Denys, Mael Lebreton, Ruth J. van Holst, Judy Luigjes
Summary: Patients with OCD exhibit underconfidence, while patients with GD exhibit overconfidence. However, no interaction between incentives and groups, as well as no group differences in neuronal processing of confidence, were found.
PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Bjoern Elsner, Benedikt Reuter, Mahboba Said, Clas Linnman, Norbert Kathmann, Jan-Carl Beucke
Summary: The study found that OCD patients exhibit impaired differential learning of threatening versus safe stimuli in a Pavlovian fear conditioning task, particularly during fear acquisition. In contrast to previous findings, the impact of these learning impairments was primarily seen in fear acquisition, rather than in the reversal stage of the experiment.
Article
Psychiatry
Mariela Rance, Zhiying Zhao, Brian Zaboski, Stephen A. Kichuk, Emma Romaker, William N. Koller, Christopher Walsh, Cheyenne Harris-Starling, Suzanne Wasylink, Thomas Adams Jr, Patricia Gruner, Christopher Pittenger, Michelle Hampson
Summary: This study aimed to use fMRI neurofeedback as a treatment for OCD. The results showed that neurofeedback targeting the aPFC can reduce symptoms in OCD, but did not significantly affect control over the aPFC. Future studies should optimize the training protocol and clarify the mechanism of action.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Trevor. W. Robbins
Summary: This scientific commentary discusses the research conducted by Kim et al. on the unbalanced fronto-pallidal neurocircuit underlying set shifting in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, published in the journal Brain.
Article
Neurosciences
Xue Li, Hailong Li, Xi Jiang, Jing Li, Lingxiao Cao, Jing Liu, Haoyang Xing, Xiaoqi Huang, Qiyong Gong
Summary: This study comprehensively analyzed the modular architecture alterations in the brain connectome of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and found that these alterations were associated with clinical symptoms. The findings provide further insights into the involvement of different modules in functional network dysfunction in OCD.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Valerie La Buissonniere-Ariza, Kate Fitzgerald, Avner Meoded, Laurel L. Williams, Gary Liu, Wayne K. Goodman, Eric A. Storch
Summary: The systematic review of functional MRI studies in youths with negative valence disorders suggests that variations in neural functioning may impact response to CBT. However, the overall weak to moderate quality and limited number of studies, as well as the heterogeneity in study designs and results, considerably restrict the conclusions that can be drawn from this literature.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Review
Psychiatry
Louise Destree, Mary-Ellen E. Brierley, Lucy Albertella, Laura Jobson, Leonardo F. Fontenelle
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review on the relationships between childhood trauma and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) severity. The results showed a significant relationship between exposure to childhood trauma and OCS severity in both clinical and non-clinical populations. It was also found that a range of childhood trauma types, rather than a single type, was associated with OCD.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Defang Liu, Rupei Liang, Shuxin Bai, Bo Lan, Guoyong Liu, Debin Wang, Suo Yuan, Wenjie Sun, Guangyu Li
Summary: The study demonstrates that modified electroconvulsive therapy has significant effects on neurometabolites, MRSI signals, and quality of life in patients with refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. It effectively relieves obsessive-compulsive symptoms, improves overall health scores, and is associated with changes in right brain functional activities.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Behrang Mahjani, Katharina Bey, Julia Boberg, Christie Burton
Summary: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heritable, polygenic disorder with contributions from both common and rare genetic variants. Genetics play an important role in the susceptibility to OCD, with discrete OCD symptom dimensions having both shared and unique genetic risks. Genome-wide studies show that OCD shares genetic risk with its comorbid conditions.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Prerika Sharma, Maria C. Rosario, Ygor A. Ferrao, Lucy Albertella, Euripedes C. Miguel, Leonardo F. Fontenelle
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics of patients with comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and found that comorbid GAD was associated with an increased number of avoidant behaviors and greater severity of anxiety.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Faranak Kadivari, Mahmoud Najafi, Vahid Khosravani
Summary: This study found that childhood maltreatment has both direct and indirect effects on obsessive-compulsive symptoms, with the indirect effect mediated by the behavioral inhibition system. The findings highlight the role of the behavioral inhibition system in linking childhood maltreatment to obsessive-compulsive symptomology.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Katherine Parkin, Shanquan Chen, Marjan Biria, James Plaistow, Helen Beckwith, Isaac Jarratt-Barnham, Nuria Segarra, Yulia Worbe, Naomi A. Fineberg, Rudolf N. Cardinal, Trevor W. Robbins, Emilio Fernandez-Egea
Summary: Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) commonly occur in patients treated with clozapine and can significantly affect subjective wellbeing. This study found that OCS severity had a negative impact on wellbeing scores, independent of depressive and psychotic symptoms. However, OCS did not impair general functioning. Obsessional thinking and hoarding behavior, rather than compulsions, were specifically associated with decreased wellbeing, possibly due to the nature of the compulsions.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shruti S. Kinkel-Ram, William Grunewald, Shelby N. Ortiz, Joshua M. Magee, April R. Smith
Summary: This study revealed a bidirectional longitudinal relationship between eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder, particularly in terms of cognitive symptoms.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shruti S. Kinkel-Ram, William Grunewald, Shelby N. Ortiz, Joshua M. Magee, April R. Smith
Summary: The study found a bidirectional, longitudinal relationship between symptoms of eating disorders (ED) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), particularly in terms of cognitive symptoms. However, this longitudinal association was only present at certain time points.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Clark Roberts, Annemieke M. Apergis-Schoute, Annette Bruhl, Magda Nowak, David S. Baldwin, Barbara J. Sahakian, Trevor W. Robbins
Summary: Patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) exhibit heightened physiological responses to threat cues, but show no deficits in instrumental avoidance learning or persistent avoidance habits.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Rebecca B. Price, Fabio Ferrarelli, Colleen Hanlon, Claire M. Gillan, Tae Kim, Greg J. Siegle, Meredith L. Wallace, Marlee Renard, Rachel Kaskie, Michelle Degutis, Anna Wears, Vanessa Brown, Manivel Rengasamy, Susanne E. Ahmari
Summary: Compulsive behaviors are linked to orbitofrontal cortex function. The study shows that intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) leads to increased functional connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex and other regions compared to continuous TBS (cTBS).
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Toby Wise, Oliver J. Robinson, Claire M. Gillan
Summary: Most psychiatric disorders are not isolated and their symptoms are not unique to a single diagnostic category. Current treatments fail for a substantial number of individuals, partly due to an overreliance on diagnostic categories. This review describes ongoing efforts to characterize psychiatric symptom dimensions using large-scale studies and a dimensional, mechanistic approach. Computational factor modeling is highlighted as a method to identify and validate associations between cognition and symptom dimensions.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Martine Skumlien, Claire Mokrysz, Tom P. Freeman, Vincent Valton, Matthew B. Wall, Michael Bloomfield, Rachel Lees, Anna Borissova, Kat Petrilli, Manuela Giugliano, Denisa Clisu, Christelle Langley, Barbara J. Sahakian, H. Valerie Curran, Will Lawn
Summary: This study examined the association between cannabis use and anhedonia, apathy, pleasure, and effort-based decision-making for reward, and explored the moderating effect of age group.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Chi Tak Lee, Jorge Palacios, Derek Richards, Anna K. Hanlon, Kevin Lynch, Siobhan Harty, Nathalie Claus, Lorraine Swords, Veronica O'Keane, Klaas E. Stephan, Claire M. Gillan
Summary: This study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of using an internet-based protocol to gather detailed patient data during iCBT and antidepressant treatment, providing a template methodology for future internet-based treatment studies.
Article
Psychiatry
Noham Wolpe, Shanquan Chen, Brian Kirkpatrick, Peter B. Jones, Christopher Jenkins, Rudolf N. Cardinal, Emilio Fernandez-Egea
Summary: Negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as reduced motivation and impaired emotional expressivity, can be influenced by antipsychotic-induced sedation. This study found that sedation adversely affected motivation but not emotional expressivity in clozapine-treated patients. Clozapine also indirectly impaired motivation through worsening sedation, but after considering sedation, it improved motivation. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing sedative side-effects of antipsychotics for better clinical outcomes.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xinran Wu, Lena Palaniyappan, Gechang Yu, Kai Zhang, Jakob Seidlitz, Zhaowen Liu, Xiangzhen Kong, Gunter Schumann, Jianfeng Feng, Barbara J. Sahakian, Trevor W. Robbins, Edward Bullmore, Jie Zhang
Summary: This study constructed a whole-brain morphometric similarity network and found that developmental dissimilarities between cortical and subcortical regions were associated with cognitive and psychiatric status during preadolescence.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Christelle Langley, Sophia Armand, Qiang Luo, George Savulich, Tina Segerberg, Anna Sondergaard, Elisabeth B. Pedersen, Nanna Svart, Oliver Overgaard-Hansen, Annette Johansen, Camilla Borgsted, Rudolf N. Cardinal, Trevor W. Robbins, Dea S. Stenbaek, Gitte M. Knudsen, Barbara J. Sahakian
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the chronic effects of the SSRI escitalopram on cognition in healthy volunteers. The findings revealed that escitalopram decreased reinforcement sensitivity but had no significant impact on "cold" cognition and decision-making ability. These findings suggest that serotonin reuptake inhibition plays a role in reinforcement learning in healthy individuals.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Barbara J. Sahakian
Summary: In this article, the author discusses the important areas where scientists can have impact, including problem solving, new developments, and addressing neuroethical and societal concerns. The author emphasizes the importance of early detection, pharmacological treatment, and neuropsychological understanding of cognitive deficits in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. The author also highlights the role of books, articles, and media in influencing government policy and encourages young scientists to contribute to policy development and public engagement.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Nur Hani Zainal, Joan A. Camprodon, Jennifer L. Greenberg, Aura M. Hurtado, Joshua E. Curtiss, Rebecca Matilde Berger-Gutierrez, Claire M. Gillan, Sabine Wilhelm
Summary: This study used Bayesian statistics to examine goal-directed learning in OCD patients and evaluated the discriminant validity of goal-directed learning indices. The results showed that goal-directed learning deficits were related to compulsions and self-reported OCD severity, but not to other psychological factors. The findings highlight the importance of conceptualizing psychopathology dimensionally and the unique associations of goal-directed behaviors in OCD.
COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Roxanne W. Hook, Masanori Isobe, George Savulich, Jon E. Grant, Konstantinos Ioannidis, David Christmas, Barbara J. Sahakian, Trevor W. Robbins, Samuel R. Chamberlain
Summary: This study found that single-dose istradefylline can impact human cognition, particularly in the social information preference task with emotional loading. This indicates the under-studied role of the adenosine neurochemical system in human cognition, which requires further exploration.
EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Elias Wagner, Dan Siskind, Peter Falkai, Oliver Howes, Christoph Correll, Jimmy Lee, William G. Honer, John M. Kane, Emilio Fernandez-Egea, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Alkomiet Hasan
Summary: This study conducted an online Delphi survey to develop consensus recommendations for the optimization of clozapine monotherapy. The recommendations include specific treatment options for certain symptoms and management of side effects. The study results provide guidance for clinical decision-making and future research in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Michal M. Graczyk, Barbara J. Sahakian, Trevor W. Robbins, Karen D. Ersche
Summary: Not everyone who uses drugs loses control over their intake, which is a hallmark of addiction. Although familial risk studies suggest significant addiction heritability, the genetic basis of vulnerability to drug addiction remains largely unknown. In this study, the researchers examined the relationship between self-control, cocaine use, and a specific gene variant (rs36024) associated with the noradrenaline transporter gene. They found that individuals carrying the C-allele of this gene exhibited impaired self-control, particularly in the context of chronic cocaine use. Patients with cocaine use disorder who had the CC genotype showed longer stop-signal reaction time and fewer successful stops compared to healthy controls and patients with the TT genotype. These findings suggest that rs36024 may be a potential genetic vulnerability marker for cocaine addiction.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Letter
Psychiatry
Noham Wolpe, Shanquan Chen, Brian Kirkpatrick, Peter B. Jones, Christopher Jenkins, Rudolf N. Cardinal, Emilio Fernandez-Egea
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Emilio Fernandez-Egea, Armida Mucci, Jimmy Lee, Brian Kirkpatrick
Summary: This article presents the recent advancements in the research on negative symptoms in schizophrenia, including new concepts, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic options for management.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Noham Wolpe, Emilio Fernandez-Egea
Summary: Despite their significant impact on patients' lives and clinical outcomes, negative symptoms remain poorly understood and treated. A longitudinal analysis of the structure of negative symptoms shows striking temporal stability and suggests the existence of several independent domains. This highlights the importance of addressing specific symptom domains in interventions and pathophysiology studies.