期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 114, 期 36, 页码 9541-9546出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708205114
关键词
crevice corrosion; surface forces apparatus; pitting dynamics; surface electrochemistry
资金
- US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-87ER-45331]
- Max-Planck-International-Research School SURMAT
- European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant) [677663]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [VM-03]
- European Research Council (ERC) [677663] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
Reactivity in confinement is central to a wide range of applications and systems, yet it is notoriously difficult to probe reactions in confined spaces in real time. Using a modified electrochemical surface forces apparatus (EC-SFA) on confined metallic surfaces, we observe in situ nano- to microscale dissolution and pit formation (qualitatively similar to previous observation on nonmetallic surfaces, e.g., silica) in well-defined geometries in environments relevant to corrosion processes. We follow crevice corrosion processes in real time in different pH-neutral NaCl solutions and applied surface potentials of nickel (vs. Ag vertical bar AgCl electrode in solution) for the mica-nickel confined interface of total area similar to 0.03 mm(2). The initial corrosion proceeds as self-catalyzed pitting, visualized by the sudden appearance of circular pits with uniform diameters of 6-7 mu m and depth similar to 2-3 nm. At concentrations above 10 mM NaCl, pitting is initiated at the outer rim of the confined zone, while below 10 mM NaCl, pitting is initiated inside the confined zone. We compare statistical analysis of growth kinetics and shape evolution of individual nanoscale deep pits with estimates from macroscopic experiments to study initial pit growth and propagation. Our data and experimental techniques reveal a mechanism that suggests initial corrosion results in formation of an aggressive interfacial electrolyte that rapidly accelerates pitting, similar to crack initiation and propagation within the confined area. These results support a general mechanism for nanoscale material degradation and dissolution (e.g., crevice corrosion) of polycrystalline nonnoble metals, alloys, and inorganic materials within confined interfaces.
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