期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 114, 期 28, 页码 7432-7437出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703424114
关键词
hydrocarbon biodegradation; Gulf of Mexico; microbial communities; Macondo oil; genome succession
资金
- University of California
- Berkeley Energy Bioscience Institute under its US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- BP Exploration & Production Inc.
- BP Gulf Coast Restoration Organization through Florida International University Project [800001556]
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute
- DOE Office of Science User Facility
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [PR1603/1-1]
The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) accident released an estimated 4.1 million barrels of oil and 10(10) mol of natural gas into the Gulf of Mexico, forming deep-sea plumes of dispersed oil droplets and dissolved gases that were largely degraded by bacteria. During the course of this 3-mo disaster a series of different bacterial taxa were enriched in succession within deep plumes, but the metabolic capabilities of the different populations that controlled degradation rates of crude oil components are poorly understood. We experimentally reproduced dispersed plumes of fine oil droplets in Gulf of Mexico seawater and successfully replicated the enrichment and succession of the principal oil-degrading bacteria observed during the DWH event. We recovered near-complete genomes, whose phylogeny matched those of the principal biodegrading taxa observed in the field, including the DWH Oceanospirillales (now identified as a Bermanella species), multiple species of Colwellia, Cycloclasticus, and other members of Gammaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, and Rhodobacteria. Metabolic pathway analysis, combined with hydrocarbon compositional analysis and species abundance data, revealed substrate specialization that explained the successional pattern of oildegrading bacteria. The fastest-growing bacteria used short-chain alkanes. The analyses also uncovered potential cooperative and competitive relationships, even among close relatives. We conclude that patterns of microbial succession following deep ocean hydrocarbon blowouts are predictable and primarily driven by the availability of liquid petroleum hydrocarbons rather than natural gases.
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