Review
Immunology
Jiri Brezina, Matous Voboril, Dominik Filipp
Summary: The evolution of the adaptive immune system leads to the generation of self-reactive clones, which must be eliminated to prevent autoimmunity. This process occurs in the thymic medulla, where the interaction between T cell receptor and self-peptide MHC complexes determines the fate of thymocytes. Thymic antigen presenting cells, including medullary thymic epithelial cells and dendritic cells, play a fundamental role in presenting self-antigens in the thymus for the establishment of T cell central tolerance. Recent studies have revealed the heterogeneity of these cell subsets and their roles in T cell selection processes, adding complexity to our understanding. Identification of molecular determinants controlling the presentation of self-antigens would advance our knowledge in this area.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hongjuan Zhao, Yatong Li, Beibei Zhao, Cuixia Zheng, Mengya Niu, Qingling Song, Xinxin Liu, Qianhua Feng, Zhenzhong Zhang, Lei Wang
Summary: The physical properties of nanoparticle-based vaccines, such as their shape, play a crucial role in antigen capture, lymphatic delivery, antigen presentation, and immune response in lymph nodes. Star-shaped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were found to capture and retain more repetitive antigen epitopes. Rods and star-shaped nanovaccines primarily drained into the lymph node follicles region, while cage-shaped nanovaccines showed stronger paracortex retention. Surprisingly, star-shaped nanovaccines elicited potent humoral immunity, preventing tumor growth in prophylactic studies. Cage-shaped nanovaccines preferentially presented peptide-MHC I complexes and showed the strongest therapeutic efficacy when combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors in established tumor studies.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Andrea Kristina Horst, Kingsley Gideon Kumashie, Katrin Neumann, Linda Diehl, Gisa Tiegs
Summary: The liver is a crucial immunological organ responsible for maintaining immune balance through interactions between different cells within the liver. Disruption of this balance in response to pathogens or autoantigens may lead to autoimmune liver diseases.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Takumi Kawasaki, Moe Ikegawa, Taro Kawai
Summary: The lungs have an immune defense mechanism that uses various cells to eliminate harmful pathogens and activate T cell immune response. In addition to immune cells, other lung cells also participate in antigen presentation and T cell activation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Irina A. Ishina, Maria Y. Zakharova, Inna N. Kurbatskaia, Azad E. Mamedov, Alexey A. A. Belogurov Jr, Alexander G. G. Gabibov
Summary: Antigen presentation by MHC-II is crucial for immune response and self-antigen tolerance. Certain MHC-II alleles are associated with autoimmune diseases. The process of MHC-II-mediated presentation plays a significant role in understanding the mechanisms of autoimmune diseases and the protective effect of certain MHC-II alleles.
Article
Immunology
Martina Damo, D. Scott Wilson, Elyse A. Watkins, Jeffrey A. Hubbell
Summary: Hepatocytes play a crucial role in inducing immunologic tolerance in the liver through cross-presentation of extracellular antigens. This study demonstrates that hepatocytes are capable of efficiently inducing cross-tolerance of specific T cells, providing evidence for their potential as valuable candidates for targeted tolerogenic treatments in vivo.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Emilie Russler-Germain, Jaeu Yi, Shannon Young, Katherine Nutsch, Harikesh S. Wong, Teresa L. Ai, Jiani N. Chai, Vivek Durai, Daniel H. Kaplan, Ronald N. Germain, Kenneth M. Murphy, Chyi-Song Hsieh
Summary: Using specific transgenic mouse models, it was demonstrated in vitro that all subsets of DC are permissive for inducing pTreg cells for maintaining gut tolerance. However, activation in a Th1-promoting microenvironment hinders the generation of Helicobacter-specific pTreg cells.
Article
Immunology
Zachary C. C. Stensland, Christopher A. A. Magera, Hali Broncucia, Brittany D. D. Gomez, Nasha M. M. Rios-Guzman, Kristen L. L. Wells, Catherine A. A. Nicholas, Marynette Rihanek, Maya J. J. Hunter, Kevin P. P. Toole, Peter A. A. Gottlieb, Mia J. J. Smith
Summary: Recent evidence suggests that a specific subset of B cells, termed B(ND)2, may play a role in the rapid progression of young-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). These B(ND)2 cells are highly activated and show increased insulin reactivity, correlating with anti-insulin autoantibody levels. They have the capacity to secrete antibodies and serve as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to T cells. Identifying and understanding the role of these B(ND)2 cells may contribute to the knowledge of T1D pathogenesis.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amrita Srivastava, Britni M. Arlian, Lijuan Pang, Takashi K. Kishimoto, James C. Paulson
Summary: Current treatments for unwanted antibody responses often rely on immunosuppressive drugs which compromise overall immunity. New nanoparticle-based approaches, such as Siglec-engaging tolerance-inducing antigenic liposomes (STALs) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-rapamycin nanoparticles (PLGA-R), have shown promise in inducing antigen-specific tolerance and may work synergistically when used in combination. These methods have demonstrated robust tolerance to multiple antigens in naive mice and delayed the onset of autoimmune diseases in mouse models.
ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bergithe E. Oftedal, Kristian Assing, Safa Baris, Stephanie L. Safgren, Isik S. Johansen, Marianne Antonius Jakobsen, Dusica Babovic-Vuksanovic, Katherine Agre, Eric W. Klee, Emina Majcic, Elise M. N. Ferre, Monica M. Schmitt, Tom DiMaggio, Lindsey B. Rosen, Muhammad Obaidur Rahman, Dionisio Chrysis, Aristeidi Giannakopoulos, Maria Tallon Garcia, Luis Ignacio Gonzalez-Granado, Katherine Stanley, Jessica Galant-Swafford, Pim Suwannarat, Isabelle Meyts, Michail S. Lionakis, Eystein S. Husebye
Summary: APS-1 is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the AIRE gene, characterized by severe and childhood onset organ-specific autoimmunity. Dominant-negative mutations in PHD1, PHD2, and SAND domains have also been associated with a milder phenotype. This study identified additional families with a range of phenotypes and emphasized the need for functional studies and close follow-up of individuals and families.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hejin Jiang, Rui Liu, Lu Wang, Xinyue Wang, Mengmeng Zhang, Sisi Lin, Zhenping Cao, Feng Wu, Yingbin Liu, Jinyao Liu
Summary: Chirality plays a critical role in biological systems, and this study demonstrates the potential of using supramolecular chiral polymer micelles (SCPMs) to activate the immune system for disease prevention and treatment.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ciaran P. Kelly, Joseph A. Murray, Daniel A. Leffler, Daniel R. Getts, Adam C. Bledsoe, Glennda Smithson, M. Roy First, Amy Morris, Michael Boyne, Adam Elhofy, Tsung-Teh Wu, Joseph R. Podojil, Stephen D. Miller
Summary: TAK-101, a gluten protein encapsulated in nanoparticles, demonstrated promising results in reducing gluten-induced immune activation in patients with CeD, suggesting a novel approach for other immune-mediated diseases.
Review
Immunology
Min Hu, Natasha M. Rogers, Jennifer Li, Geoff Y. Zhang, Yuan Min Wang, Karli Shaw, Philip J. O'Connell, Stephen Alexander
Summary: Tregs play a crucial role in kidney transplantation by limiting immune activation and potentially reducing the need for immunosuppression. Studies have shown their importance in improving allo-specific Treg function in both animal and human models.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Amanda C. Howa, Yuwei Zhu, Dayna Wyatt, Tiffanie Markus, James D. Chappell, Natasha Halasa, Christopher H. Trabue, Samantha M. Olson, Jill Ferdinands, Shikha Garg, William Schaffner, Carlos G. Grijalva, H. Keipp Talbot
Summary: Influenza remains a significant cause of hospitalizations in the United States. Estimating the number of influenza hospitalizations is crucial for public health decision making. Combining data from independent surveillance systems using capture-recapture methods allows for more comprehensive estimations of the burden of influenza.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Jitian Li, Bo Qin, Manyu Huang, Yan Ma, Dongsheng Li, Wuyin Li, Zhiping Guo
Summary: Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in childhood and adolescence, with a poor prognosis. Anti-tumor-associated antigens autoantibodies in sera may serve as serological biomarkers for early cancer detection and provide new insights into the molecular and cellular biology of cancers.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ozgur Yaldizli, Tobias Derfuss
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alessandro Cagol, Sabine Schaedelin, Muhamed Barakovic, Pascal Benkert, Ramona-Alexandra Todea, Reza Rahmanzadeh, Riccardo Galbusera, Po-Jui Lu, Matthias Weigel, Lester Melie-Garcia, Esther Ruberte, Nina Siebenborn, Marco Battaglini, Ernst-Wilhelm Radue, Ozgur Yaldizli, Johanna Oechtering, Tim Sinnecker, Johannes Lorscheider, Bettina Fischer-Barnicol, Stefanie Mueller, Lutz Achtnichts, Jochen Vehoff, Giulio Disanto, Oliver Findling, Andrew Chan, Anke Salmen, Caroline Pot, Claire Bridel, Chiara Zecca, Tobias Derfuss, Johanna M. Lieb, Luca Remonda, Franca Wagner, Maria Vargas, Renaud Du Pasquier, Patrice H. Lalive, Emanuele Pravata, Johannes Weber, Philippe C. Cattin, Claudio Gobbi, David Leppert, Ludwig Kappos, Jens Kuhle, Cristina Granziera
Summary: Patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) and disability progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) exhibit accelerated brain atrophy, especially in the cerebral cortex.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jannis Muller, Tim Sinnecker, Maria Janina Wendebourg, Regina Schlager, Jens Kuhle, Sabine Schadelin, Pascal Benkert, Tobias Derfuss, Philippe Cattin, Christoph Jud, Florian Spiess, Michael Amann, Therese Lincke, Muhamed Barakovic, Alessandro Cagol, Charidimos Tsagkas, Katrin Parmar, Anne-Katrin Probstel, Sophia Reimann, Susanna Asseyer, Ankelien Duchow, Alexander Brandt, Klemens Ruprecht, Nouchine Hadjikhani, Shoko Fukumoto, Mitsuru Watanabe, Katsuhisa Masaki, Takuya Matsushita, Noriko Isobe, Jun-Ichi Kira, Ludwig Kappos, Jens Wurfel, Cristina Granziera, Friedemann Paul, Ozgur Yaldizli
Summary: This study found that the choroid plexus volume was larger in patients with MS compared to those with NMOSD, healthy controls, and migraine patients. In contrast to NMOSD, the volume of the choroid plexus in MS was associated with the number of T2-weighted lesions.
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Review
Allergy
Francesco Borriello, Noemi Pasquarelli, Lisa Law, Kim Rand, Catarina Raposo, Wei Wei, Licinio Craveiro, Tobias Derfuss
Summary: This study provides the first normal reference ranges for B-cell levels in infants, by week of age, during the first year of life.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Alexandra Ramona Todea, Lester Melie-Garcia, Muhamed Barakovic, Alessandro Cagol, Reza Rahmanzadeh, Riccardo Galbusera, Po-Jui Lu, Matthias Weigel, Esther Ruberte, Ernst-Wilhelm Radue, Sabine Schaedelin, Pascal Benkert, Yaldizli Oezguer, Tim Sinnecker, Stefanie Mueller, Lutz Achtnichts, Jochen Vehoff, Giulio Disanto, Oliver Findling, Andrew Chan, Anke Salmen, Caroline Pot, Patrice Lalive, Claire Bridel, Chiara Zecca, Tobias Derfuss, Luca Remonda, Franca Wagner, Maria Vargas, Renaud Du Pasquier, Emanuele Pravata, Johannes Weber, Claudio Gobbi, David Leppert, Jens Wuerfel, Tobias Kober, Benedicte Marechal, Ricardo Corredor-Jerez, Marios Psychogios, Johanna Lieb, Ludwig Kappos, Meritxell Bach Cuadra, Jens Kuhle, Cristina Granziera
Summary: This study evaluated the accuracy of LeMan-PV software for detecting new and enlarged white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis patients. The results showed that LeMan-PV had similar sensitivity in detecting new lesions compared to other recent studies using neural networks. Although its performance is not optimal, the main advantage of LeMan-PV is that it provides automated clinical decision support integrated into the routine radiological workflow.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2023)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Tanja Kuhlmann, Marcello Moccia, Timothy Coetzee, Jeffrey A. Cohen, Jorge Correale, Jennifer Graves, Ruth Ann Marrie, Xavier Montalban, V. Wee Yong, Alan J. Thompson, Daniel S. Reich
Summary: Traditionally, multiple sclerosis has been categorized into distinct clinical descriptors, but accumulating evidence suggests that it should be considered as a continuum with varying pathophysiological processes. A shift from acute injury to inflammation and neurodegeneration contributes to the progressive course, along with decreased neural resilience due to aging. Understanding the key mechanisms and quantifying progressive pathology can have implications for clinical care, treatment targets, and regulatory decisions.
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Cristina Granziera, Tobias Derfuss, Ludwig Kappos
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stephanie Meier, Eline A. J. Willemse, Sabine Schaedelin, Johanna Oechtering, Johannes Lorscheider, Lester Melie-Garcia, Alessandro Cagol, Muhamed Barakovic, Riccardo Galbusera, Suvitha Subramaniam, Christian Barro, Ahmed Abdelhak, Simon Thebault, Lutz Achtnichts, Patrice Lalive, Stefanie Muller, Caroline Pot, Anke Salmen, Giulio Disanto, Chiara Zecca, Marcus D'Souza, Annette Orleth, Michael Khalil, Arabella Buchmann, Renaud Du Pasquier, Ozgur Yaldizli, Tobias Derfuss, Klaus Berger, Marco Hermesdorf, Heinz Wiendl, Fredrik Piehl, Marco Battaglini, Urs Fischer, Ludwig Kappos, Claudio Gobbi, Cristina Granziera, Claire Bridel, David Leppert, Aleksandra Maleska Maceski, Pascal Benkert, Jens Kuhle
Summary: This study found that serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) and serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) are correlated with features of disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) and can predict disease progression. sGFAP may serve as a useful biomarker for disease progression in MS in individual patient management and drug development.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Heinz Wiendl, Klaus Schmierer, Suzanne Hodgkinson, Tobias Derfuss, Andrew Chan, Finn Sellebjerg, Anat Achiron, Xavier Montalban, Alexandre Prat, Nicola De Stefano, Frederik Barkhof, Letizia Leocani, Patrick Vermersch, Anita Chudecka, Claire Mwape, Kristina H. Holmberg, Ursula Boschert, Sanjeev Roy, MAGNIFY-MS Study Grp
Summary: Cladribine tablets cause a reduction in lymphocytes, with a predominant effect on B-cell and T-cell counts. The MAGNIFY-MS substudy reports the dynamic changes on multiple peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subtypes and immunoglobulin (Ig) levels over 12 months after the first course of cladribine tablets in patients with highly active relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS).
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jannis Muller, Sabine Schadelin, Johannes Lorscheider, Pascal Benkert, Peter Hanni, Jurg Schmid, Jens Kuhle, Tobias Derfuss, Cristina Granziera, Ozgur Yaldizli
Summary: This study compared the effectiveness of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and teriflunomide in a real-world setting and found that DMF treatment was associated with better clinical outcomes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nuria Cerda-Fuertes, Marc Stoessel, Gintaras Mickeliunas, Silvan Pless, Alessandro Cagol, Muhamed Barakovic, Aleksandra Maleska Maceski, Cesar alvarez Gonzalez, Marcus D' Souza, Sabine Schaedlin, Pascal Benkert, Pasquale Calabrese, Konstantin Gugleta, Tobias Derfuss, Till Sprenger, Cristina Granziera, Yvonne Naegelin, Ludwig Kappos, Jens Kuhle, Athina Papadopoulou
Summary: This study examined the relative role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and compared it with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and serum markers of disability. The results showed that OCT measures were associated with cognitive and physical disability, independent of serum and brain MRI markers of neuroaxonal loss.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Jannis Mueller, Alessandro Cagol, Johannes Lorscheider, Charidimos Tsagkas, Pascal Benkert, Ozgur Yaldizli, Jens Kuhle, Tobias Derfuss, Maria Pia Sormani, Alan Thompson, Cristina Granziera, Ludwig Kappos
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) is a substantial contributor to long-term disability accumulation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). To date, there is no uniform agreed-upon definition of PIRA, limiting the comparability of published studies.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ilaria Callegari, Mika Schneider, Vera Aebischer, Margarete M. M. Voortman, Undine Proschmann, Tjalf Ziemssen, Raija Lindberg, Bettina Fischer-Barnicol, Michael Khalil, Ludwig Kappos, Jens Kuhle, Nicholas S. R. Sanderson, Tobias Derfuss
Summary: This study found that natalizumab can diffuse in different anatomical compartments, including cerebrospinal fluid and milk. By developing a flow-cytometry-based assay and applying it to quantify natalizumab in body fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, breastmilk, and serum, a better understanding of the safety of therapeutic antibody administration during pregnancy and lactation can be achieved.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nuria Cerda-Fuertes, Sara Nagy, Sabine Schaedelin, Tim Sinnecker, Esther Ruberte, Athina Papadopoulou, Jens Wurfel, Jens Kuhle, Ozgur Yaldizli, Ludwig Kappos, Tobias Derfuss, Bernhard F. Decard
Summary: This study aimed to describe the frequency, severity, and potential risk factors for recurring disease activity (RDA) in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) after discontinuation of fingolimod (FGL). The results showed that younger age, shorter disease duration, and MRI activity during FGL treatment were independent risk factors for post-FGL RDA. Individual risk assessment and early switch to highly effective therapy can help minimize the risk of post-FGL RDA.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ana Beatriz Ayroza Galvao Ribeiro Gomes, Laila Kulsvehagen, Patrick Lipps, Alessandro Cagol, Nuria Cerda-Fuertes, Tradite Neziraj, Julia Flammer, Jasmine Lerner, Anne-Catherine Lecourt, Nina De Oliveira S. Siebenborn, Rosa Cortese, Sabine Schaedelin, Vinicius Andreoli Schoeps, Aline de Moura Brasil Matos, Natalia Trombini Mendes, Clarissa dos Reis Pereira, Mario Luiz Ribeiro Monteiro, Samira Luisa dos Apostolos-Pereira, Patrick Schindler, Claudia Chien, Carolin Schwake, Ruth Schneider, Thivya Pakeerathan, Orhan Aktas, Urs Fischer, Matthias Mehling, Tobias Derfuss, Ludwig Kappos, Ilya Ayzenberg, Marius Ringelstein, Friedemann Paul, Dagoberto Callegaro, Jens Kuhle, Athina Papadopoulou, Cristina Granziera, Anne-Katrin Probstel
Summary: This study investigated the frequency and clinical features of IgA antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in patients with seronegative demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) disease. The results showed that MOG-specific IgA was identified in a subgroup of patients who were double-seronegative for aquaporin 4-/MOG-IgG, suggesting that MOG-IgA may be a novel diagnostic biomarker for patients with CNS demyelination.