期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 114, 期 3, 页码 534-539出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604072114
关键词
evolution of sex; adaptation; Fisher-Muller hypothesis; Hill-Robertson interference
资金
- National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [2015-05387]
- Swiss National Science Foundation [PBBSP3-138671]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [PBBSP3-138671] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
A leading hypothesis for the evolutionary maintenance of sexual reproduction proposes that sex is advantageous because it facilitates adaptation. Changes in the environment stimulate adaptation but not all changes are equivalent; a change may occur along one or multiple environmental dimensions. In two evolution experiments with the facultatively sexual rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, we test how environmental complexity affects the evolution of sex by adapting replicate populations to various environments that differ from the original along one, two, or three environmental dimensions. Three different estimates of fitness (growth, lifetime reproduction, and population density) confirmed that populations adapted to their new environment. Growth measures revealed an intriguing cost of complex adaptations: populations that adapted to more complex environments lost greater amounts of fitness in the original environment. Furthermore, both experiments showed that B. calyciflorus became more sexual when adapting to a greater number of environmental dimensions. Common garden experiments confirmed that observed changes in sex were heritable. As environments in nature are inherently complex these findings help explain why sex is maintained in natural populations.
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